Assessing and Improving Fitness to Drive in the Elderly People: A Scoping Review of Policies and Guidelines
Abstract
Background: This study has been conducted to analyze the processes, models, and policies to assess fitness to drive and improving driving in the elderly in the world.
Methods: The Arkesy and O’Malley frameworks were employed. Articles with at least one aspect of driving eligibility in the elderly were included. Expected data were collected using appropriate keywords from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, IranDoc, SID, and MagIran. Data were analyzed using the Content Analysis method.
Results: Out of 675 records, 24 papers and reports were included in the study that all of them were High-Income Countries (HICs). Among the studies that referred to the baseline age, the highest frequency was 70 yr old (4 studies). Vision assessment was the main item to judge driving fitness (mentioned in 75% of the studies). The in-person (5 studies) was the most common method of renewal. General practitioners were the principal performers to measure driving fitness (7 studies). Thirteen studies referred to the road tests as part of the driver's license renewal process. In most all reports and papers, there were policies on empowering the elderly driver, including providing safe driving tips, optional driving skills tests, holding retraining courses, etc. The most frequently supporting policies included introducing alternative transportation.
Conclusion: Most HICs have worthwhile experience in measuring and improving the fitness to drive in the elderly and enforce different laws according to social and political conditions. Utilizing these experiences by considering economic and social differences can be useful and practical for middle and low-income countries.
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37. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Northern Territory). National Transport Commission, Australia .Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
38. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Queensland). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
39. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (South Australia). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
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41. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Victoria). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
42. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Western Australia). National Transport Commission, Australia .Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
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47. World Bank (2019). Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - High income: OECD. World bank.Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=XS&name_desc=false
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49. Gilford DM (1988). The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century: Statistics for Health Policy. 3rd ed. National Research Council (US) Panel on Statistics for an Aging Population, Washington (DC). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK217732/
50. Brandon E (2019). 15 In-Demand Jobs for Seniors. U.S News .Available from: https://money.usnews.com/money/retirement/second-careers/slideshows/15-in-demand-jobs-for-seniors?slide=8
51. Lazarte A (2017). Understanding the drivers of rural vulnerability. International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_568736.pdf
52. Levy DT, Vernick JS, Howard KA (1995). Relationship between driver's license renewal policies and fatal crashes involving drivers 70 years or older. JAMA, 274(13): 1026-30.
53. Knodler MA, Collura J, Rothenberg H, et al (2016). Coping with the Aging Driving Population. University of Massachusetts, Transportation Center.
54. Nafar H, Tahmazi Aghdam E, Derakhshani N, Sani’ee N, Sharifian S, Goharinezhad S (2021). A systematic mapping review of factors associated with willingness to work under emergency condition. Hum Resour Health, 19(1): 76.
55. Anderson S , Arai Y, Armitage A, Bouesseau MC (2015). World report on ageing and health. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/186463/9789240694811_eng.pdf;jsessionid=7F4DE94ACD5F5D0F6FAE3974119BB513?sequence=1
56. National Research Council (US) Panel on a Research Agenda and New Data for an Aging World (2001). Preparing for an Aging World: The Case for Cross-National Research. National Academies Press, Washington (DC), United States. 6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98373/
2. World Health Organization (2020). Road traffic injuries: Switzerland: WHO Library. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries
3. Shams M , Mohebi F, Gohari K, et al (2021). The level and trend of road traffic injuries attributable mortality rate in Iran, 1990–2015: a story of successful regulations and a roadmap to design future policies. BMC Public Health, 21(1): 1722.
4. Safiri S, Haghdoost AA, Hashemi F, Amiri S, Raza O, Sadeghi-Bazargani H (2016). Association between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and helmet use among motorcycle riders. Trauma Mon, 21(2): e21066.
5. Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Ayubi E, Azami-Aghdash S, et al (2016). Epidemiological patterns of road traffic crashes during the last two decades in Iran: a review of the literature from 1996 to 2014. Arch Trauma Res, 5(3): e32985.
6. Binder S (2002). Injuries among older adults: the challenge of optimizing safety and minimizing unintended consequences. Inj Prev, 8 Suppl 4(Suppl 4): Iv2-4.
7. Pudelek B (2002). Geriatric trauma: special needs for a special population. AACN Clin Issues, 13(1): 61-72.
8. U.S. Department of Transportation: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Driver (2013). Jules Redish Memorial Medical Library, JMLA, Second Edition. Available from: https://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/older_drivers/pdf/811298.pdf
9. Box E, Davies D, Hallam M, et al (2016). Supporting safe driving into old age: a national older driver strategy. Available from: https://roadsafetyfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/modsfl.pdf
10. Razavi S, Fallahi M, Hekmat SR, Akaberi A (2013). Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and It’s Risk Factors among, Mother’s Home Working. JSUMS, 1;19(4): 395-9.
11. Naghavi M, Abolhassani F, Pourmalek F, et al (2009). The burden of disease and injury in Iran in the year 2003. Popul Health Metr, 7: 9.
12. Nader F, Rakei M (2007). The epidemiologic aspects of trauma in the elderly in Shiraz hospital 1383. Jahrom Medical Journal,5(1): 41-6.
13. Ng W, Fujishima S, Suzuki M, et al (2002). Characteristics of elderly patients presenting to the emergency department with injury. Keio J Med, 51(1): 11-6.
14. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al (2019). Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 11th ed. McGraw - Hill Inc, Canada.
15. Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR (2006). Falls and their prevention in elderly people: what does the evidence show?. Med Clin North Am, 90(5): 807-24.
16. Tefft BC (2014). Driver license renewal policies and fatal crash involvement rates of older drivers, United States, 1986–2011. Inj Epidemiol,1(1): 25.
17. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers . National Transport Commission; Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
18. Arksey H, O'Malley L (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol, 8(1):19-32.
19. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ (Clinical research ed), 339:b2535.
20. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG(2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med, 6(7):e1000097.
21. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg Open, 8(5):336-41.
22. Campos C (2004). Content Analysis: A Qualitative Data Analysis Tool In Health Care [método De Análise De Coteúdo: Ferramenta Para A Análise De Dados Qualitativos No Campo Da Saúde]. Rev Bras Enferm, 57:611-4.
23. Liamputtong P (2009). Qualitative data analysis: conceptual and practical considerations. Health Promot J Austr, 20(2):133-9.
24. Seers K (2012). Qualitative data analysis. Evid Based Nurs, 15(1):2.
25. Smith J, Firth J (2011). Qualitative data analysis: the framework approach. Nurse Res,18(2):52-62.
26. Ministry of Transportation (2020). Ontario Driver’s License Renewal Program Changes for Seniors Over 80. Ministry of Transportation of Canada. Available from: http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/driver/senior-driver-licence-renewal-program.shtml
27. NZ TRANSPORT AGENCY (2018). Renew Your Driver Licence at Age 75 and Over. New Zealand Government. Available from: https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/resources/factsheets/57/docs/57-older-drivers.pdf
28. Morgan E (2018). Driving dilemmas: a guide to driving assessment in primary care. Clin Geriatr Med, 34(1):107-15.
29. NI Direct. Deciding when to stop driving in older: NI Direct, Northern Ireland. Available from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/older-drivers-deciding-when-stop-driving
30. Stamatiadis N, Agent KR, Ridgeway M (2003). Driver license renewal for the elderly: A case study. J Gerontol, 22(1): 42-56.
31. Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning and the U.S. Department of Transportation (2014). Michigan’s Guide for Aging Drivers and Their Families. United States. Available from: https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_OlderDriverGuide_455323_7.pdf
32. Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure (2020). Older Drivers. Available from: https://mylicence.sa.gov.au/safe-driving-tips/older-drivers
33. Information for people in Newcastle upon Tyne (2020). How to stay safe as an older driver Available from: https://www.informationnow.org.uk/article/driving-as-you-get-older/
34. Eby DW, Molnar LJ, Shope JT, Vivoda JM, Fordyce TA (2003). Improving older driver knowledge and self-awareness through self-assessment: The driving decisions workbook. J Safety Res, 34(4): 371-81.
35. Duncan P,Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Capital). National Transport Commission, Australia.. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
36. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (New South Wales). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
37. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Northern Territory). National Transport Commission, Australia .Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
38. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Queensland). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
39. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (South Australia). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
40. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Tasmania). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
41. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Victoria). National Transport Commission, Australia. Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
42. Duncan P, Anderson D (2016). Assessing Fitness to Drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers (Western Australia). National Transport Commission, Australia .Available from: https://www.natroad.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/assessing_fitness_drive_dec2016.pdf
43. Adelaide Metro (2022). Seniors Card: Travel free with a Seniors card: Adelaide Metro, Australia. Available from: https://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/Tickets-Fares/Seniors-Card
44. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety (2013). Drivers 65 plus: Check your performance: A Self-Rating Tool with Facts and Suggestions for Safe Driving. AAA foundation for traffic safety.Available from: https://www.mywaythere.org/downloads/driver65.pdf
45. Azami-Aghdash S, Aghaei MH, Sadeghi-Bazarghani H (2018). Epidemiology of road traffic injuries among elderly people; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull Emerg Trauma, 6(4): 279-291.
46. Strobel W, Stolz D, Tamm M (2012). Differences between commercial vehicle drivers and other patients in symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea and response to CPAP therapy. Eur Clin Respir J, 40(Suppl 56): P439.
47. World Bank (2019). Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - High income: OECD. World bank.Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=XS&name_desc=false
48. Miladinov G (2020). Socioeconomic development and life expectancy relationship: evidence from the EU accession candidate countries. Genus, 76(1): 2.
49. Gilford DM (1988). The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century: Statistics for Health Policy. 3rd ed. National Research Council (US) Panel on Statistics for an Aging Population, Washington (DC). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK217732/
50. Brandon E (2019). 15 In-Demand Jobs for Seniors. U.S News .Available from: https://money.usnews.com/money/retirement/second-careers/slideshows/15-in-demand-jobs-for-seniors?slide=8
51. Lazarte A (2017). Understanding the drivers of rural vulnerability. International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_568736.pdf
52. Levy DT, Vernick JS, Howard KA (1995). Relationship between driver's license renewal policies and fatal crashes involving drivers 70 years or older. JAMA, 274(13): 1026-30.
53. Knodler MA, Collura J, Rothenberg H, et al (2016). Coping with the Aging Driving Population. University of Massachusetts, Transportation Center.
54. Nafar H, Tahmazi Aghdam E, Derakhshani N, Sani’ee N, Sharifian S, Goharinezhad S (2021). A systematic mapping review of factors associated with willingness to work under emergency condition. Hum Resour Health, 19(1): 76.
55. Anderson S , Arai Y, Armitage A, Bouesseau MC (2015). World report on ageing and health. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/186463/9789240694811_eng.pdf;jsessionid=7F4DE94ACD5F5D0F6FAE3974119BB513?sequence=1
56. National Research Council (US) Panel on a Research Agenda and New Data for an Aging World (2001). Preparing for an Aging World: The Case for Cross-National Research. National Academies Press, Washington (DC), United States. 6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98373/
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51 No 11 (2022) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i11.11158 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Assessment Elderly Prevention Fitness to drive Road traffic injuries | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mohammaddokht S, Saadati M, Kashefimehr B, Azami-Aghdash S. Assessing and Improving Fitness to Drive in the Elderly People: A Scoping Review of Policies and Guidelines. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(11):2404-2416.
