Obesity, Leukocytes, and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Biomarkers Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Korean Adults
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a chronic disease, is associated with obesity and inflammation. This study investigated the effects of body mass index (BMI), leukocytes, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Korean adults.
Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 5,420 adults’ subject in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ-3, 2018) was performed. The collected data were analyzed by n (%), mean ± SD, t-test, χ2 -test, and multiple logistic regression methods.
Results: BMI and leukocytes count were higher in the T2DM-diagnosed group. The probability of T2DM increased by 4.76 times for obesity compared to normal weight, but high obesity was not an influencing factor for T2DM. As the leukocytes increased, the probability of T2DM increased by 1.15 times. However, hs-CRP was not an influencing factor for T2DM. Age was higher in the T2DM-diagnosed group and appeared to be an influencing factor in T2DM.
Conclusion: Obesity and inflammation indicators, including WBC, appeared to be risk factors for T2DM. This study presented the basis of diet and exercise interventions for weight loss and white blood cell count in a T2DM prevention and management program.
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19. Khan UI, Rastogi D, Isasi CR, Coupey SM (2012). Independent and synergistic asso-ciations of asthma and obesity with sys-tematic inflammation in adolescents. J Asthma, 49(10): 1044-50.
20. Kim Y, Park S, Kim NS, Lee BK (2013). In-appropriate survey design analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey may produce biased results. J Prev Med Public Health, 46(2):96–104.
21. Kanmani S, Kwon M, Shin MK, Kim MK (2019). Association of C-Reactive protein with Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Role of obesity and Hyper-tension: A Large Population-Based Kore-an Cohort study. Sci Rep, 9(1):1-8.
22. Płaczkowska S, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Kokot I, Sowiński D, Wrzosek M, Piwowar A (2014). Associations between basic indi-cators of inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Postepy Hig Med Dosw(Online), 68(1):1374-82.
23. Twig G, Afek A, Shamiss A, et al (2013). White blood cells count and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young men. Diabetes Care, 36(2):276-82.
24. Pan A, Wang Y, Yuan JM, Koh WP (2017). High-sensitive C-reactive protein and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a case-control study nested within the Singapore Chi-nese health study. BMC Endocr Disord, 17(1):8.
25. Venugopal SK, Devaraj S, Yuhanna I, Shaul P, Jialal I (2002). Demonstration that C-reactive protein decreases eNOS expres-sion and bioactivity in human aortic en-dothelial cells. Circulation, 106(12):1439–41.
26. Duncan BB1, Schmidt MI, Pankow JS, et al (2003). Low-grade systemic inflammation and the development of type 2 diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes, 52 (7):1799–805.
27. Wen J, Liang Y, Wang F, et al (2010). C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta, 411(3-4):198-203.
28. Han TS, Sattar N, Williams K, et al (2002). Prospective study of C-reactive protein in relation to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico city diabetes study. Diabetes Care, 25(11):2016–21.
29. Thorand B, Baumert J, Kolb H, et al (2007). Sex differences in the prediction of type 2 diabetes by inflammatory markers: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984–2002. Diabetes Care, 30(4):854-60.
30. Hu G, Jousilahti P, Tuomilehto J, Antikainen R, Sundvall J, Salomaa V (2009). Associa-tion of serum C-reactive protein level with sex-specific type 2 diabetes risk: a prospective finnish study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,94(6): 2099–105.
2. International Diabetes Federation (2011). Diabetes Atlas.6th ed. Belgium: Interna-tional Diabetes Federation.
3. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). The Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examina-tion Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ-2). Korea, Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention.
4. Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS (2003). Obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest, 112 (12):1785–88.
5. Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Peters RK, et al (2002). Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of type 2 di-abetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high-risk hispanic women. Diabetes, 51(9): 2796-2803.
6. Akter R, Nessa A, Husain MF, Wahed F, Khatun N, Yesmin M (2017). Effect of Obesity on Fasting Blood Sugar. My-mensingh Med J, 26(1):7-11.
7. World Health Organization (2017). Obesity and Overweight. Geneva, Switzerland. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
8. Sim KW, Lee SH, Lee HS (2001). The rela-tionship body mass index and morbidity in Korea. Journal of Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, 10(2):147-155.
9. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (2000). The Asia-pacific perspec-tive: Redefining obesity and its Treat-ment. Australia, WHO Western Pacific Re-gion. Report No.: 0-9577082-1-12000
10. Kullo IJ, Hensrud DD, Allison TG (2002). Comparison of numbers of circulating blood monocytes in men grouped by body mass index (<25, 25to<30, >or=30). Am J Cardiol, 89(12): 1441–3.
11. Khan A, Khan WM, Ayub M, Humayun M, Haroon M (2016). Ferritin Is a Marker of Inflammation rather than Iron Deficiency in Overweight and Obese People. J Obes, 2016:1937320.
12. Herishanu Y, Rogowski O, Polliack A, Mari-lus R (2006). Leukocytosis in obese indi-viduals: possible link in patients with un-explained persistent neutrophilia. Eur J Haematol, 76(6):516–20.
13. Charles LE, Fekedulegn D, McCall T, et al (2007). Obesity, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts among police officers. Obesity (Silver Spring), 15(11): 2846–54.
14. Choi J, Joseph L, Pilote L (2013). Obesity and C-reactive protein in various popula-tions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev, 14(3):232-44.
15. Visser M, Bouter LM, McQuillan GM, Wener MH, Harris TB (2001). Low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children. Pediatrics, 107(1):E13.
16. Ohshita K, Yamane K, Hanafusa M, et al (2004). Elevated white blood cell count in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care, 27(2):491–6.
17. Tong PC, Lee KF, So WY, et al (2004). White blood cell count is associated with macro- and microvascular complications in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27(1):216–22.
18. Yuan G, Zhou L, Tang J, et al (2006). Serum CRP levels are equally elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and related to adi-ponectin levels and insulin sensitivity. Di-abetes Res Clin Pract, 72(3):244-50.
19. Khan UI, Rastogi D, Isasi CR, Coupey SM (2012). Independent and synergistic asso-ciations of asthma and obesity with sys-tematic inflammation in adolescents. J Asthma, 49(10): 1044-50.
20. Kim Y, Park S, Kim NS, Lee BK (2013). In-appropriate survey design analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey may produce biased results. J Prev Med Public Health, 46(2):96–104.
21. Kanmani S, Kwon M, Shin MK, Kim MK (2019). Association of C-Reactive protein with Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Role of obesity and Hyper-tension: A Large Population-Based Kore-an Cohort study. Sci Rep, 9(1):1-8.
22. Płaczkowska S, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Kokot I, Sowiński D, Wrzosek M, Piwowar A (2014). Associations between basic indi-cators of inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Postepy Hig Med Dosw(Online), 68(1):1374-82.
23. Twig G, Afek A, Shamiss A, et al (2013). White blood cells count and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young men. Diabetes Care, 36(2):276-82.
24. Pan A, Wang Y, Yuan JM, Koh WP (2017). High-sensitive C-reactive protein and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a case-control study nested within the Singapore Chi-nese health study. BMC Endocr Disord, 17(1):8.
25. Venugopal SK, Devaraj S, Yuhanna I, Shaul P, Jialal I (2002). Demonstration that C-reactive protein decreases eNOS expres-sion and bioactivity in human aortic en-dothelial cells. Circulation, 106(12):1439–41.
26. Duncan BB1, Schmidt MI, Pankow JS, et al (2003). Low-grade systemic inflammation and the development of type 2 diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes, 52 (7):1799–805.
27. Wen J, Liang Y, Wang F, et al (2010). C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta, 411(3-4):198-203.
28. Han TS, Sattar N, Williams K, et al (2002). Prospective study of C-reactive protein in relation to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico city diabetes study. Diabetes Care, 25(11):2016–21.
29. Thorand B, Baumert J, Kolb H, et al (2007). Sex differences in the prediction of type 2 diabetes by inflammatory markers: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984–2002. Diabetes Care, 30(4):854-60.
30. Hu G, Jousilahti P, Tuomilehto J, Antikainen R, Sundvall J, Salomaa V (2009). Associa-tion of serum C-reactive protein level with sex-specific type 2 diabetes risk: a prospective finnish study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,94(6): 2099–105.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51 No 8 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i8.10268 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Body mass index Leukocytes C-reactive protein Type 2 diabetes mellitus | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Park S-H, Lee H. Obesity, Leukocytes, and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Biomarkers Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Korean Adults. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(8):1827-1835.
