Using Non-Invasive Methods to Choose Gender; Sex Selection with Diet and Determination of Ovulation Time in Iran
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Abstract
Background: Families, especially fathers, are continuously interested in selecting the child's sex in most societies. This study was conducted to Use non-invasive methods to choose gender in order that sex selection with diet and determination of ovulation time in Iran.
Methods: This study was a clinical experimental trial of convenient samples conducted as a retrospective study. Overall, 285 women were referred to Dr. Farhud's Genetic Clinic in 2013 and 2014 in Tehran, Iran. For two years (from June 2013 to Jun 2015), samples were followed-up. Participants used diet, the timing of ovulation, and considering lifestyle to have the sex selection.
Results: Overall, 88 women became pregnant in the first group among 179 participants in 2013, and talking to the participants showed that 82.95% achieved the wanted gender. Fifty-two women became pregnant among 106 participants in 2014 in the second group and 86.79%, achieved the wanted sex.
Conclusion: Diet and ovulation timing could be very efficient, and it is recommended that families Use safe procedures such as natural, and non-invasive methods to achieve the wanted sex for gender balance.
1. Pande RP, Astone NM (2007). Explaining son preference in rural India: the inde-pendent role of structural versus individ-ual factors. Popul Res Policy Rev, 26(1):1–29.
2. Kazemian L, Sabaghian M, Tavakolian A, et al (2020). Effect of the Holy Quran on the Physiological Responses in Premature Infants: A Review. Int J Pediatr, 8(5):11219–25.
3. Shahidi B, Khajenoori F, Najarzadegan MR, et al (2019). A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Aromatherapy Massage on Sleep in Children and Infants. Int J Pediatr,8(5):11233–41.
4. Bahrami HR, Mosa Farkhani E, Beygi B, Gholian-Aval M, Taghipour A, Hoseini SJ (2020). Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Infants: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Pediatr, 8(1):10807–15.
5. Ouedraogo P, Zagre N, Zohoncon TM, Ouattara A, Bissyande V, Simpore J (2020). Risk Factors for Neonatal Mor-tality at St Camille Hospital in Ouagadou-gou, Burkina Faso. Int J Pediatr, 8(2):10817–25.
6. Salehi F, Zangouei A, Zia Z, et al (2020). In-vestigating Vitamin D Serum Levels in Children with Congenital Heart Disease Compared with the Healthy Control Group. Int J Pediatr,8(3):11077–85.
7. Zia Z, Hashemi Z, Moghtaderi M, Honar N, Saki F (2020). The effect of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency on Increased Risk for Hyperbilirubinemia in Term New-borns. Int J Pediatr, 8(4):11141–7.
8. Valadbeigi T, Dara N, Tabatabaee H, et al (2020). Maternal Risk Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Iran: A Case-Control Study. Int J Pediatr, 8(2):10865–74.
9. Zhonggui X, Yan J, Shi S (2020). Epidemio-logical Distributions and Critical Contri-butions to the Growth Rate for Infants and Young Children in Hubei Province of China during 2017 to 2018: A Review. Int J Pediatr, 8(2):10837–44.
10. Srivastava A, Singh J, Singh O, Singh V, Singh N (2014). Gender Preference, Atti-tude and Awareness of Young eligible couples towards Prenatal Sex Determina-tion in Lucknow District. Natl J Communi-ty Med, 5(1):148–52.
11. Kumar N, Kanchan T, Bhaskaran U, et al (2015). Gender preferences among ante-natal women: a cross-sectional study from coastal South India. Afr Health Sci, 15(2):560-67.
12. Dhande V, RD G, Shingare A, Domple V (2016). Gender preference among repro-ductive age group women in rural area. Int J Community Med Public Heal, 3(7):1862–5.
13. Roy A, Biswas R (2017). A Study on Gender Preference and Awareness Regarding Prenatal Sex Determination among Ante-natal Women in a Rural Area of Darjee-ling District, West Bengal, India. J Clin Diagnostic Res, 11(2):115-119.
14. Zubair F, Dahl E, Sher Shah S, Ahmed M, Brosig B (2007). Gender preferences and demand for preconception sex selection: a survey among pregnant women in Pa-kistan. Hum Reprod, 22(2):605–9.
15. Atif K, Ullah MZ, Afsheen A, Naqvi SAH, Raja ZA, Niazi SA (2016). Son Preference in Pakistan; A Myth or Reality. Pak J Med Sci, 32(4):994.
16. Rai P, Paudel IS, Ghimire A, Pokharel PK, Rijal R, Niraula SR (2014). Effect of gen-der preference on fertility: cross-sectional study among women of Tharu commu-nity from rural area of eastern region of Nepal. Reprod Health, 11(1):15.
17. Thapa M, Bajracharya J (2018). Gender Preference in Current Pregnancy among Primigravidae. Nepal J Obstet Gynae-col,12(1):36–9.
18. Inyang-Etoh EC, Ekanem AM (2016). Child-Sex Preference and Factors That Influenced Such Choices among Women in an Obstetric Population in Nigeria. OALib, 03(10):1–10.
19. Al-Akour N, Khassawneh M, Zayed F, Khader Y (2012). Characteristics of women visiting an infertility clinic and their interest in preimplantation sex selec-tion in the north of Jordan. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 165(2):271–4.
20. Fejes I, Szöllosi J, Závaczki Z, Koloszár S, Pál A (2006). A boy or a girl? A Hungari-an survey regarding gender selection. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 85(8):993–6.
21. Dahl E, Gupta RS, Beutel M, et al (2006). Preconception sex selection demand and preferences in the United States. Fertil Steril, 85(2):468–73.
22. Ahmadi SF, Shirzad M, Kamali K, Ranjbar F, Behjati-Ardakani Z, Akhondi MM (2015). Attitudes about sex selection and sex preference in Iranian couples referred for sex selection technology. J Reprod In-fertil, 16(1):36–42.
23. Jacobsen R, Møller H, Mouritsen A (1999). Natural variation in the human sex ratio. Hum Reprod, 14(12):3120–5.
24. Fukuda M, Fukuda K, Shimizu T, Yomura W, Shimizu S (1996). Kobe earthquake and reduced sperm motility. Hum Re-prod,11(6):1244–6.
25. Graffelman J, Hoekstra RF (2000). A statisti-cal analysis of the effect of warfare on the human secondary sex ratio. Hum Biol, 433–45.
26. Hansen D, Møller H, Olsen J (1999). Severe periconceptional life events and the sex ratio in offspring: follow up study based on five national registers. BMJ, 319(7209):548–9.
27. Farhoud D (1985). Choosing the sex of the child"Do you want boy or girl". tehran: Sina Publications, Iran, pp:111.
28. Catalano R, Bruckner T, Anderson E, Gould JB (2005). Fetal death sex ratios: a test of the economic stress hypothesis. Int J Epidemiol, 34(4):944–8.
29. Mokhtarian-Gilani T (2006). Boy or girl sex se-lection and diet. 1st ed. Tehran. Naslenowandish Publishing, Iran, pp: 39.
30. Noorlander AM, Geraedts JPM, Melissen JBM (2010). Female gender pre-selection by maternal diet in combination with tim-ing of sexual intercourse - A prospective study. Reprod Biomed Online, 21(6):794–802.
31. Shettles L, Rorvik D (2006). How to choose the sex of your baby: The method best supported by scientific evidence. Harmony, America, pp:229.
32. Rorvik DM, Shettles LB (1970). Your babys sex: now you can choose. Dodd. Mead, Amer-ica, pp:126.
33. Davis DL, Gottlieb MB, Stampnitzky JR (1998). Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: a sentinel health indicator? JAMA, 279(13):1018–23.
34. Sereshti M, Mirmiran P, Ejtahed H-S (2014). The role of maternal diet on fetal sex se-lection: A Review. Iranian Journal of Endo-crinology and Metabolism,16(1): 57-67.
35. Arasteh A, Kharaghani R, Zenoozian S, Moloodi R, Jafari E (2020). Effectiveness of Midwifery Counseling on Adaptation to Pregnancy, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Quality of Life in Unplanned Preg-nant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Pediatr,8(6):11435–48.
36. Whittaker A (2015). Media debates and ‘ethi-cal publicity’ on social sex selection through preimplantation genetic diagno-sis (PGD) technology in Australia. Cult Health Sex, 17(8):962–76.
37. Cunningham FG. leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC, Wenstrom KD (2005). Williams Obstetrics. McGraw Hill, NewYork, pp:112–116 .
38. Shahi A, Kamjoo A, Dabiri F, PormehrYabandeh A, Khademi Z, Hos-seinin S (2021). The relationship between paternal smoking and sex ratio of chil-dren born in public maternity hospitals in Bandar Abbas (Iran). Hormozgan Medical Journal, 18(6):454-9
39. Xu T, Lin D, Liang H, et al (2014). The As-sociation between Season of Pregnancy and Birth-Sex among Chinese. Int J Envi-ron Res Public Health, 11(12):8166–74.
40. Goodall H, Roberts AM (1976). Differences in motility of human X-and Y-bearing spermatozoa. Reproduction, 48(2):433–6.
41. James W (2008). Evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormone levels around the time of conception. Endocrinology,198:3–13.
42. Yartireh H, Hosein Hashemian A (2013). The effect of lead on number and sex type of children in men occupationally exposed to lead. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infer-til, 16(69):9–15.
43. Fathi Najafi F, Roudsari Lotfinezhad R, Namvar F, et al (2015). Air pollution and quality of sperm: A Meta-Analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 17(4) e26930.
2. Kazemian L, Sabaghian M, Tavakolian A, et al (2020). Effect of the Holy Quran on the Physiological Responses in Premature Infants: A Review. Int J Pediatr, 8(5):11219–25.
3. Shahidi B, Khajenoori F, Najarzadegan MR, et al (2019). A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Aromatherapy Massage on Sleep in Children and Infants. Int J Pediatr,8(5):11233–41.
4. Bahrami HR, Mosa Farkhani E, Beygi B, Gholian-Aval M, Taghipour A, Hoseini SJ (2020). Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Infants: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Pediatr, 8(1):10807–15.
5. Ouedraogo P, Zagre N, Zohoncon TM, Ouattara A, Bissyande V, Simpore J (2020). Risk Factors for Neonatal Mor-tality at St Camille Hospital in Ouagadou-gou, Burkina Faso. Int J Pediatr, 8(2):10817–25.
6. Salehi F, Zangouei A, Zia Z, et al (2020). In-vestigating Vitamin D Serum Levels in Children with Congenital Heart Disease Compared with the Healthy Control Group. Int J Pediatr,8(3):11077–85.
7. Zia Z, Hashemi Z, Moghtaderi M, Honar N, Saki F (2020). The effect of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency on Increased Risk for Hyperbilirubinemia in Term New-borns. Int J Pediatr, 8(4):11141–7.
8. Valadbeigi T, Dara N, Tabatabaee H, et al (2020). Maternal Risk Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Iran: A Case-Control Study. Int J Pediatr, 8(2):10865–74.
9. Zhonggui X, Yan J, Shi S (2020). Epidemio-logical Distributions and Critical Contri-butions to the Growth Rate for Infants and Young Children in Hubei Province of China during 2017 to 2018: A Review. Int J Pediatr, 8(2):10837–44.
10. Srivastava A, Singh J, Singh O, Singh V, Singh N (2014). Gender Preference, Atti-tude and Awareness of Young eligible couples towards Prenatal Sex Determina-tion in Lucknow District. Natl J Communi-ty Med, 5(1):148–52.
11. Kumar N, Kanchan T, Bhaskaran U, et al (2015). Gender preferences among ante-natal women: a cross-sectional study from coastal South India. Afr Health Sci, 15(2):560-67.
12. Dhande V, RD G, Shingare A, Domple V (2016). Gender preference among repro-ductive age group women in rural area. Int J Community Med Public Heal, 3(7):1862–5.
13. Roy A, Biswas R (2017). A Study on Gender Preference and Awareness Regarding Prenatal Sex Determination among Ante-natal Women in a Rural Area of Darjee-ling District, West Bengal, India. J Clin Diagnostic Res, 11(2):115-119.
14. Zubair F, Dahl E, Sher Shah S, Ahmed M, Brosig B (2007). Gender preferences and demand for preconception sex selection: a survey among pregnant women in Pa-kistan. Hum Reprod, 22(2):605–9.
15. Atif K, Ullah MZ, Afsheen A, Naqvi SAH, Raja ZA, Niazi SA (2016). Son Preference in Pakistan; A Myth or Reality. Pak J Med Sci, 32(4):994.
16. Rai P, Paudel IS, Ghimire A, Pokharel PK, Rijal R, Niraula SR (2014). Effect of gen-der preference on fertility: cross-sectional study among women of Tharu commu-nity from rural area of eastern region of Nepal. Reprod Health, 11(1):15.
17. Thapa M, Bajracharya J (2018). Gender Preference in Current Pregnancy among Primigravidae. Nepal J Obstet Gynae-col,12(1):36–9.
18. Inyang-Etoh EC, Ekanem AM (2016). Child-Sex Preference and Factors That Influenced Such Choices among Women in an Obstetric Population in Nigeria. OALib, 03(10):1–10.
19. Al-Akour N, Khassawneh M, Zayed F, Khader Y (2012). Characteristics of women visiting an infertility clinic and their interest in preimplantation sex selec-tion in the north of Jordan. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 165(2):271–4.
20. Fejes I, Szöllosi J, Závaczki Z, Koloszár S, Pál A (2006). A boy or a girl? A Hungari-an survey regarding gender selection. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 85(8):993–6.
21. Dahl E, Gupta RS, Beutel M, et al (2006). Preconception sex selection demand and preferences in the United States. Fertil Steril, 85(2):468–73.
22. Ahmadi SF, Shirzad M, Kamali K, Ranjbar F, Behjati-Ardakani Z, Akhondi MM (2015). Attitudes about sex selection and sex preference in Iranian couples referred for sex selection technology. J Reprod In-fertil, 16(1):36–42.
23. Jacobsen R, Møller H, Mouritsen A (1999). Natural variation in the human sex ratio. Hum Reprod, 14(12):3120–5.
24. Fukuda M, Fukuda K, Shimizu T, Yomura W, Shimizu S (1996). Kobe earthquake and reduced sperm motility. Hum Re-prod,11(6):1244–6.
25. Graffelman J, Hoekstra RF (2000). A statisti-cal analysis of the effect of warfare on the human secondary sex ratio. Hum Biol, 433–45.
26. Hansen D, Møller H, Olsen J (1999). Severe periconceptional life events and the sex ratio in offspring: follow up study based on five national registers. BMJ, 319(7209):548–9.
27. Farhoud D (1985). Choosing the sex of the child"Do you want boy or girl". tehran: Sina Publications, Iran, pp:111.
28. Catalano R, Bruckner T, Anderson E, Gould JB (2005). Fetal death sex ratios: a test of the economic stress hypothesis. Int J Epidemiol, 34(4):944–8.
29. Mokhtarian-Gilani T (2006). Boy or girl sex se-lection and diet. 1st ed. Tehran. Naslenowandish Publishing, Iran, pp: 39.
30. Noorlander AM, Geraedts JPM, Melissen JBM (2010). Female gender pre-selection by maternal diet in combination with tim-ing of sexual intercourse - A prospective study. Reprod Biomed Online, 21(6):794–802.
31. Shettles L, Rorvik D (2006). How to choose the sex of your baby: The method best supported by scientific evidence. Harmony, America, pp:229.
32. Rorvik DM, Shettles LB (1970). Your babys sex: now you can choose. Dodd. Mead, Amer-ica, pp:126.
33. Davis DL, Gottlieb MB, Stampnitzky JR (1998). Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: a sentinel health indicator? JAMA, 279(13):1018–23.
34. Sereshti M, Mirmiran P, Ejtahed H-S (2014). The role of maternal diet on fetal sex se-lection: A Review. Iranian Journal of Endo-crinology and Metabolism,16(1): 57-67.
35. Arasteh A, Kharaghani R, Zenoozian S, Moloodi R, Jafari E (2020). Effectiveness of Midwifery Counseling on Adaptation to Pregnancy, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Quality of Life in Unplanned Preg-nant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Pediatr,8(6):11435–48.
36. Whittaker A (2015). Media debates and ‘ethi-cal publicity’ on social sex selection through preimplantation genetic diagno-sis (PGD) technology in Australia. Cult Health Sex, 17(8):962–76.
37. Cunningham FG. leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC, Wenstrom KD (2005). Williams Obstetrics. McGraw Hill, NewYork, pp:112–116 .
38. Shahi A, Kamjoo A, Dabiri F, PormehrYabandeh A, Khademi Z, Hos-seinin S (2021). The relationship between paternal smoking and sex ratio of chil-dren born in public maternity hospitals in Bandar Abbas (Iran). Hormozgan Medical Journal, 18(6):454-9
39. Xu T, Lin D, Liang H, et al (2014). The As-sociation between Season of Pregnancy and Birth-Sex among Chinese. Int J Envi-ron Res Public Health, 11(12):8166–74.
40. Goodall H, Roberts AM (1976). Differences in motility of human X-and Y-bearing spermatozoa. Reproduction, 48(2):433–6.
41. James W (2008). Evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by parental hormone levels around the time of conception. Endocrinology,198:3–13.
42. Yartireh H, Hosein Hashemian A (2013). The effect of lead on number and sex type of children in men occupationally exposed to lead. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infer-til, 16(69):9–15.
43. Fathi Najafi F, Roudsari Lotfinezhad R, Namvar F, et al (2015). Air pollution and quality of sperm: A Meta-Analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 17(4) e26930.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51 No 8 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i8.10275 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Child sex Wanted gender/sex Diet Time of ovulation | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Farhud D, Mokhtarian Gilani T, Mokhtarian Gilani T, Azimi N, Kiani Z. Using Non-Invasive Methods to Choose Gender; Sex Selection with Diet and Determination of Ovulation Time in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(8):1886-1892.
