IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ Cytokine Levels in Patients with Cystic Echinococcosis and Fascioliasis
,
Abstract
Background: Cytokines are protein substances involved in immune response and inflammation regulation, cell growth, tissue repair and natural and adaptive immunity events such as hematopoiesis. Changes in Th1 and Th2 immune responses provide information on the clinical presentation, pathology and diagnosis of diseases.
Methods: This study was conducted on 142 patients, aged 18-95 yr and applied to Parasitology Laboratory of Van Yuzuncu Yil Hospital between Aug 2018 and May 2019. Fifty-one of the patients were serologically diagnosed with CE, 53 with a diagnosis of fascioliasis, and 38 as the control group. Serum samples were taken from patients and levels of IL-4, IL-10, TNF α and IFN γ parameters were investigated by ELISA method. Results were evaluated by spectrophotometer and observed which immunologic parameters increased in which infections. Cytokine results were also evaluated according to patient age groups and genders. Chi-square and/or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the results. IL-4 response was detected in 50.9%; IL-10 in 44.2%; TNF-α in 43.3% and IFN-γ in 43.3% of CE seropositive patients.
Results: IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-responses detected in 50.9%, 44.2%, 43.3% and 43.3% of CE patients, and in 43%, 39.2%, 34.4% and 40.6% of fascioliasis patients, respectively. The presence of Th1 and Th2 responses were detected in both infections. There was a significant relationship between fascioliasis and IL-4 response and between CE and IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α responses (P≤.05).
Conclusion: These cytokine levels may provide information about the immune response to infections, and may be useful for early detection of disease and recurrence and monitoring of treatment.
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26. Haralabidis S, Karagouni E, Frydas S, et al (1995). Immunoglobulin and cytokine profile in murine secondary hydatidosis. Immunoglobulin and cytokine profile in murine secondary hydatidosis. Parasite Immunol, 17(12): 625–630.
27. Mondragon-de-la-Pena C, Ramos-Solis S, Barbosa-Cisneros O, et al (2002). Echinococcus granulosus down regulates the hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF alpha in BALB/c mice. Parasite, 9(4): 351–356.
28. Mendes EA, Mendes TA, dos Santos SL, et al (2013). Expression of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in the liver tissue of cattle that are naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol, 195(1-2): 177–182.
29. Flynn RJ, Mulcahy G (2008). The roles of IL-10 and TGF-β in controlling IL-4 and IFN-γ production during experimental Fasciola hepatica infection. Int J Parasitol, 38(14): 1673–1680.
30. Sheng ZA, Li J, Wang DY, et al (2019). Th2-related cytokines are associated with Fasciola gigantica infection and evasion in the natural host, swamp buffalo. Vet Parasitol, 268: 73–80.
31. Cervi L, Cejas H, Masih DT (2001). Cytokines involved in the immunosuppressor period in experimental fasciolosis in rats. Int J Parasitol, 31: 1467–1473.
32. Gu Y, Wang B, Zhang H, et al (2008). Cytokines level changes in goats infected with Fasciola hepatica. Front Agric China, 2(2): 242–244. 0
33. Miller CM, Smith NC, Ikin RJ, et al (2009). Immunological interactions between 2 common pathogens, Th1-inducing protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and the Th2-inducing helminth Fasciola hepatica. PLoS One, 4(5): e5692.
34. Beytut E, Akca A, Gokce HA (2011). Pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the effects of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and aminoguanidine in rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 35(4): 243–253.
35. Atkinson JJ, Senior RM (2003). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in lung remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28: 12–24.
2. Bayhan Gİ, Batur A, Taylan-Özkan A, et al (2016). A pediatric case of Fascioliasis with eosinophilic pneumonia. Turk J Pediatr, 58(1): 109–112.
3. Mas Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD (2009). Fasciola, Lymnaeids and Human Fascioliasis, with a Global Overview on Disease Transmission, Epidemiology, Evolutionary Genetics, Molecular Epidemiology and Control. Adv Parasitol, 69: 41-46.
4. Nororiha IL, Niemir Z (1995). Stein H, Waldher R. Cytokines and growth factors in renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 10: 775–786.
5. Mayer G. (2015). Immonology, Chapter 13, Cytokines and immunoregulation. In: Hunt R (ed) Microbiology and Immunology On-line, https://www.microbiologybook.org/bowers/imm-reg-ver2.htm
6. Zhang W, Wen H, Li J, et al (2012). Immunology and immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: an update. Clin Dev Immunol, 101895: 1–10.
7. Zhang W, McManus DP (2006). Recent advances in the immunology and diagnosis of echinococcosis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 47: 24–41.
8. Allen JE, Maizels RM (2011). Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths. Nat Rev Immunol, 11: 375–388.
9. Ortona E, Rigano R, Buttarı B, et al (2003). An update on immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop, 85(2): 165–171.
10. Anthony RM, Rutitzky Jr LI, Urban JF, et al (2007). Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection. Nat Rev Immunol, 7: 975–987.
11. Meagher C, Sharif S, Hussain S, et al (2002). Cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of murine type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: Santamaria P (ed) Cytokines and Chemokines in Autoimmune Disease. Landes Bioscienc, TX, Georgetown, pp 133-158.
12. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S (2011). Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 7thed. Elsevier Saunders, Philedelphia, USA.
13. Schantz PM (2006). Progress in diagnosis, treatment and elimination of echinococcosis and cysticercosis. Parasitol Intern, 55: 7–13.
14. Rigano RE, Profumo G, Di Felice E, et al (1995). In vitro production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hydatid patients. Clin Exp Immunol, 99:433–439.
15. Rojo-Vazquez FA, Meana A, Valcarcel F, et al (2012). Update on trematode infections in sheep. Vet Parasitol, 189: 15–38.
16. Bayraktar MR, Mehmet N, Durmaz R (2005). Th1 and Th2 inducing cytokines in Cystic echinococcosis. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 29(3): 167–170.
17. Hernandez-Pomi A, Borras-Salvador R, Mir-Gisbert A (1997). Analysis of cytokine and specific antibody profiles in hydatid patients with primary infection and relapse of disease. Parasite Immunol, 19(12): 553-561.
18. Rigano R, Buttari B, De Falco E, et al (2004). Echinococcus granulosus-specific T-cell lines derived from patients at various clinical stages of cystic echinococcosis. Parasite Immunol, 26(1): 45–52.
19. Naik MI, Tenguria RK, Haq E (2016). Detection of serum cytokines before and after pharmacological and surgical treatment in patients with cystic echinococcosis. J Helminthol, 90(1): 91–95.
20. Rigano R, Profumo E, Ioppolo S, et al (1999). Serum cytokine detection in the clinical follow up of patients with cystic echinococcosis. Clin Exp Immunol, 115: 503–507.
21. Torcal J, Navarro-Zorraquino M, Lozano R, et al (1996). Immune response and in vivo production of cytokines in patients with liver hydatidosis. Clin Exp Immunol, 106: 317–322.
22. Mezioug D, Touil-Boukoffa C (2012). Interleukin-17A correlates with interleukin-6 production in human cystic echinococcosis: a possible involvement of IL-17A in immunoprotection against Echinococcus granulosus infection. Eur Cytokine Netw 23(3): 112–119.
23. Rigano E, Profumo F, Bruschi F, et al (2001). Modulation of human immune response by Echinococcus granulosus antigen B and its possible role in evading host defenses. Infect Imm, 69: 288–296.
24. Amri M, Mezioug D, Ait-Aissa S, et al (2008). In vivo IL-12 and IL-8 production in hydatic patients and their possible diffusion in hydatid cysts. Eur Cytokine Netw 19(3): 142–148.
25. Dematteis S, Rottenberg M, Baz A (2003). Cytokine response and outcome of infection depends on the infective dose of parasites in experimental infection by Echinococcus granulosus. Parasite Immunol, 25(4):189–197.
26. Haralabidis S, Karagouni E, Frydas S, et al (1995). Immunoglobulin and cytokine profile in murine secondary hydatidosis. Immunoglobulin and cytokine profile in murine secondary hydatidosis. Parasite Immunol, 17(12): 625–630.
27. Mondragon-de-la-Pena C, Ramos-Solis S, Barbosa-Cisneros O, et al (2002). Echinococcus granulosus down regulates the hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF alpha in BALB/c mice. Parasite, 9(4): 351–356.
28. Mendes EA, Mendes TA, dos Santos SL, et al (2013). Expression of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in the liver tissue of cattle that are naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol, 195(1-2): 177–182.
29. Flynn RJ, Mulcahy G (2008). The roles of IL-10 and TGF-β in controlling IL-4 and IFN-γ production during experimental Fasciola hepatica infection. Int J Parasitol, 38(14): 1673–1680.
30. Sheng ZA, Li J, Wang DY, et al (2019). Th2-related cytokines are associated with Fasciola gigantica infection and evasion in the natural host, swamp buffalo. Vet Parasitol, 268: 73–80.
31. Cervi L, Cejas H, Masih DT (2001). Cytokines involved in the immunosuppressor period in experimental fasciolosis in rats. Int J Parasitol, 31: 1467–1473.
32. Gu Y, Wang B, Zhang H, et al (2008). Cytokines level changes in goats infected with Fasciola hepatica. Front Agric China, 2(2): 242–244. 0
33. Miller CM, Smith NC, Ikin RJ, et al (2009). Immunological interactions between 2 common pathogens, Th1-inducing protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and the Th2-inducing helminth Fasciola hepatica. PLoS One, 4(5): e5692.
34. Beytut E, Akca A, Gokce HA (2011). Pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the effects of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and aminoguanidine in rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 35(4): 243–253.
35. Atkinson JJ, Senior RM (2003). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in lung remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28: 12–24.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51 No 6 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i6.9679 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cystic echinococcosis Fascioliasis Cytokine Interferons Interleukins | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Beyhan Y, Albayrak C, Guven I. IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ Cytokine Levels in Patients with Cystic Echinococcosis and Fascioliasis. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(6):1339-1347.
