Sero-Epidemiological Study of Human Hydatidosis in Semnan and Sorkheh, Semnan Province, Iran
-
Fatemeh Hafezi
,
Tahereh Mohammadzadeh
,
Ramin Pazoki
,
Kazem Ahmadi Ranani
,
Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
Abstract
Background: To determine the seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis which is one of the most important zoonotic diseases by ELISA using native antigen B in Semnan and Sorkheh, Semnan province, Iran, where no significant information about human infection exists.
Methods: Overall, 957 human serum samples were randomly prepared from Semnan, Sorkheh, and its 13 surrounding villages in different seasons from 2017 to 2018. Antigen B was prepared from native hydatid cyst fluid of domestic sheep. All serum samples were evaluated by ELISA while the suspected cases were rechecked. The cut-off was calculated as the X̄±2SD.
Results: Overall, 48(5%) out of 957 (422 males and 535 females) were positive for hydatidosis. The seropositivity based on sex showed 20(2.1%) out of 422 in males and 28(2.9%) out of 535 in females. The distribution of seropositive samples based on residence area showed 41 (4.3) out of 882 in urban and 7 (0.7) out of 75 in rural areas. The highest seroprevalence cases was among housewives (2.1%) followed by employers (1.5%). Based on education, source of drinking water, and age groups the highest seropositivity was observed in high school and less, in the plumping water consumers, and 50 to 59 yr old age group, respectively. There was a significant difference between seropositivity with occupation, literacy, and age group (P<0.05). Semnan with 4% seropositivity had the highest prevalence followed by Sorkheh, county.
Conclusion: High prevalence of the disease in this area emphasizes the importance of increasing people's awareness about hydatidosis.
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2. Agudelo Higuita NI, Brunetti E, McCloskey C(2016). Cystic Echinococcosis. J Clin Microbiol, 54 (3): 518-23.
3. Fallah M, Taherkhani H, Sadjjadi SM(1995). Echinococcosis in the stray dogs in Hamadan, west of Iran. Iran J Med Sci, 20 (3-4): 170-72.
4. da Silva AM(2010). Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2010: 583297
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6. Sadjjadi SM, Mikaeili F, Karamian M, Maraghi S, Sadjjadi FS, Shariat-Torbaghan S, Kia EB(2013). Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans. Int J Parasitol, 43 (11): 875-77.
7. Sadjjadi SM, Ardehali S, Noman-Pour B, Kumar V, Izadpanah A(2001). Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: ultrasound imaging or countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis? East Mediterr Health J, 7 (6): 907-11.
8. Rokni MB(2009). Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 4 (2): 1-16.
9. Rafiei A, Hemadi A, Maraghi S, Kaikhaei B, Craig PS(2007). Human cystic echinococcosis in nomads of south-west Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J, 13 (1): 41-8.
10. Sadjjadi FS, Ahmadi N, Rezaie-Tavirani M, Zali H(2021). Following up of surgical treated human liver cystic echinococcosis: A Proteomics approach. Iran J Parasitol, 16 (1): 11-22.
11. Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA(2010). Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop, 114 (1): 1-16.
12. Khalilpour A, Sadjjadi SM, Moghadam ZK, Yunus MH, Zakaria ND, Osman S, Noordin R(2014). Lateral flow test using Echinococcus granulosus native antigen B and comparison of IgG and IgG4 dipsticks for detection of human cystic echinococcosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 91 (5): 994-99.
13. Sadjjadi FS, Rezaie-Tavirani M, Ahmadi NA, Sadjjadi SM, Zali H(2018). Proteome evaluation of human cystic echinococcosis sera using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 11 (1): 75-82.
14. Siles-Lucas M, Sánchez-Ovejero C, González-Sánchez M, et al (2017). Isolation and characterization of exosomes derived from fertile sheep hydatid cysts. Vet Parasitol, 236: 22-33.
15. Oriol R, Williams JF, Pérez Esandi MV, Oriol C (1971). Purification of lipoprotein antigens of Echinococcus granulosus from sheep hydatid fluid. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 20 (4): 569-74.
16. Zibaei M, Azargoon A, Ataie-Khorasgani M, Ghanadi K, Sadjjadi SM (2013). The serological study of cystic echinococcosis and assessment of surgical cases during 5 yr (2007-2011) in Khorram Abad, Iran. Niger J Clin Pract, 16 (2): 221-25.
17. Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem, 72: 248-54.
18. Dabaghzadeh H, Bairami A, Kia EB, Aryaeipour M, Rokni MB(2018). Seroprevalence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Alborz Province, Central Iran in 2015. Iran J Public Health, 47 (4): 561-66.
19. Ilbeigi P, Mohebali M, Kia EB, et al (2015). Seroepidemiology of Human Hydatidosis Using AgB-ELISA Test in Isfahan City and Suburb Areas, Isfahan Province, Central Iran. Iran J Public Health, 44 (9): 1219-24.
20. Heidari Z, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, et al (2011). Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis in Meshkinshahr district, ardabil province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 6 (3): 19-25.
21. Zariffard M, Abshar N, Akhavizadegan M, Motamedi G(1999). Seroepidemiological survey of human hydatidosis in western parts of Iran. Arch Razi Inst, 50: 71-5.
22. Asghari M, Mohebali M, Kia EB, Farahnak A, Aryaeipour M, Asadian S, Rokni MB(2013). Seroepidemiology of Human Hydatidosis Using AgB-ELISA Test in Arak, Central Iran. Iran J Public Health, 42 (4): 391-96.
23. Garedaghi Y, Bahavarnia SR(2011). Seroepidemiological study of Hydatid Cyst by ELISA method in East-Azarbaijan Province (2009). J Kerman Univ Med Sci, 18 (2): 172-81.
24. Hadadian M, Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi Asl A, Roudbar Mohammadi S(2008). Seroepidemiological survey of hydatid cyst by ELISA in Kordestan province. Pathobiology Research, 10(3,4): 13-8. (In Persion).
25. Bernawi AAA, Ayed NB, Ali A, Khalil EAG(2016). Sero-prevalence and Exposure Rates of Humans to Echinococcus granulosus Infection in Southern Libya. Int J Current Res, 7 (09): 20392-96.
26. Yu SH, Wang H, Wu XH, et al (2008). Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: an epidemiological survey in a Tibetan population in southeast Qinghai, China. Jpn J Infect Dis, 61 (3): 242-46.
27. Magambo JK, Hall C, Zeyle E, Wachira TM (1996). Prevalence of human hydatid disease in Southern Sudan. Afr J Health Sci, 3 (4): 154-56.
28. Fomda BA, Khan A, Thokar MA, Malik AA, Fazili A, Dar RA, Sharma M, Malla N(2015). Sero-epidemiological survey of human cystic echinococcosis in Kashmir, North India. PLoS One, 10 (4): e0124813.
29. Moro PL, Garcia HH, Gonzales AE, Bonilla JJ, Verastegui M, Gilman RH (2005). Screening for cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of Peru using portable ultrasonography and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Parasitol Res, 96 (4): 242-46.
30. Baharsefat M, Massoud J, Mobedi I, Farahnak A, Rokni M (2007). Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis in Golestan province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 2 (2): 20-4.
31. Seyyed-Tabaei SJ, Sadjjadi SM (1999). Parasitic infection of consumed vegetables in Hamadan. Pejouhandeh, 4: 267-71.(In Persion).
32. Yacoub AA, Bakr S, Hameed AM, Al-Thamery AA, Fartoci MJ(2006). Seroepidemiology of selected zoonotic infections in Basra region of Iraq. East Mediterr Health J, 12 (1-2): 112-18.
33. Kebede N, Mitiku A, Tilahun G(2010). Retrospective survey of human hydatidosis in Bahir Dar, north-western Ethiopia. East Mediterr Health J, 16 (9): 937-41.
34. Kandeel A, Ahmed ES, Helmy H, El Setouhy M, Craig PS, Ramzy RM(2004). A retrospective hospital study of human cystic echinococcosis in Egypt. East Mediterr Health J, 10 (3): 349-57.
35. Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U(2006). The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int, 55 Suppl: S187-91.
2. Agudelo Higuita NI, Brunetti E, McCloskey C(2016). Cystic Echinococcosis. J Clin Microbiol, 54 (3): 518-23.
3. Fallah M, Taherkhani H, Sadjjadi SM(1995). Echinococcosis in the stray dogs in Hamadan, west of Iran. Iran J Med Sci, 20 (3-4): 170-72.
4. da Silva AM(2010). Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2010: 583297
5. Ebrahimipour M, Sadjjadi SM, Yousofi Darani H, Najjari M( 2017). Molecular Studies on Cystic Echinococcosis of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 12 (3): 323-31.
6. Sadjjadi SM, Mikaeili F, Karamian M, Maraghi S, Sadjjadi FS, Shariat-Torbaghan S, Kia EB(2013). Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans. Int J Parasitol, 43 (11): 875-77.
7. Sadjjadi SM, Ardehali S, Noman-Pour B, Kumar V, Izadpanah A(2001). Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: ultrasound imaging or countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis? East Mediterr Health J, 7 (6): 907-11.
8. Rokni MB(2009). Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 4 (2): 1-16.
9. Rafiei A, Hemadi A, Maraghi S, Kaikhaei B, Craig PS(2007). Human cystic echinococcosis in nomads of south-west Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J, 13 (1): 41-8.
10. Sadjjadi FS, Ahmadi N, Rezaie-Tavirani M, Zali H(2021). Following up of surgical treated human liver cystic echinococcosis: A Proteomics approach. Iran J Parasitol, 16 (1): 11-22.
11. Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA(2010). Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop, 114 (1): 1-16.
12. Khalilpour A, Sadjjadi SM, Moghadam ZK, Yunus MH, Zakaria ND, Osman S, Noordin R(2014). Lateral flow test using Echinococcus granulosus native antigen B and comparison of IgG and IgG4 dipsticks for detection of human cystic echinococcosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 91 (5): 994-99.
13. Sadjjadi FS, Rezaie-Tavirani M, Ahmadi NA, Sadjjadi SM, Zali H(2018). Proteome evaluation of human cystic echinococcosis sera using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 11 (1): 75-82.
14. Siles-Lucas M, Sánchez-Ovejero C, González-Sánchez M, et al (2017). Isolation and characterization of exosomes derived from fertile sheep hydatid cysts. Vet Parasitol, 236: 22-33.
15. Oriol R, Williams JF, Pérez Esandi MV, Oriol C (1971). Purification of lipoprotein antigens of Echinococcus granulosus from sheep hydatid fluid. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 20 (4): 569-74.
16. Zibaei M, Azargoon A, Ataie-Khorasgani M, Ghanadi K, Sadjjadi SM (2013). The serological study of cystic echinococcosis and assessment of surgical cases during 5 yr (2007-2011) in Khorram Abad, Iran. Niger J Clin Pract, 16 (2): 221-25.
17. Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem, 72: 248-54.
18. Dabaghzadeh H, Bairami A, Kia EB, Aryaeipour M, Rokni MB(2018). Seroprevalence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Alborz Province, Central Iran in 2015. Iran J Public Health, 47 (4): 561-66.
19. Ilbeigi P, Mohebali M, Kia EB, et al (2015). Seroepidemiology of Human Hydatidosis Using AgB-ELISA Test in Isfahan City and Suburb Areas, Isfahan Province, Central Iran. Iran J Public Health, 44 (9): 1219-24.
20. Heidari Z, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, et al (2011). Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis in Meshkinshahr district, ardabil province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 6 (3): 19-25.
21. Zariffard M, Abshar N, Akhavizadegan M, Motamedi G(1999). Seroepidemiological survey of human hydatidosis in western parts of Iran. Arch Razi Inst, 50: 71-5.
22. Asghari M, Mohebali M, Kia EB, Farahnak A, Aryaeipour M, Asadian S, Rokni MB(2013). Seroepidemiology of Human Hydatidosis Using AgB-ELISA Test in Arak, Central Iran. Iran J Public Health, 42 (4): 391-96.
23. Garedaghi Y, Bahavarnia SR(2011). Seroepidemiological study of Hydatid Cyst by ELISA method in East-Azarbaijan Province (2009). J Kerman Univ Med Sci, 18 (2): 172-81.
24. Hadadian M, Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi Asl A, Roudbar Mohammadi S(2008). Seroepidemiological survey of hydatid cyst by ELISA in Kordestan province. Pathobiology Research, 10(3,4): 13-8. (In Persion).
25. Bernawi AAA, Ayed NB, Ali A, Khalil EAG(2016). Sero-prevalence and Exposure Rates of Humans to Echinococcus granulosus Infection in Southern Libya. Int J Current Res, 7 (09): 20392-96.
26. Yu SH, Wang H, Wu XH, et al (2008). Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: an epidemiological survey in a Tibetan population in southeast Qinghai, China. Jpn J Infect Dis, 61 (3): 242-46.
27. Magambo JK, Hall C, Zeyle E, Wachira TM (1996). Prevalence of human hydatid disease in Southern Sudan. Afr J Health Sci, 3 (4): 154-56.
28. Fomda BA, Khan A, Thokar MA, Malik AA, Fazili A, Dar RA, Sharma M, Malla N(2015). Sero-epidemiological survey of human cystic echinococcosis in Kashmir, North India. PLoS One, 10 (4): e0124813.
29. Moro PL, Garcia HH, Gonzales AE, Bonilla JJ, Verastegui M, Gilman RH (2005). Screening for cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of Peru using portable ultrasonography and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Parasitol Res, 96 (4): 242-46.
30. Baharsefat M, Massoud J, Mobedi I, Farahnak A, Rokni M (2007). Seroepidemiology of human hydatidosis in Golestan province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 2 (2): 20-4.
31. Seyyed-Tabaei SJ, Sadjjadi SM (1999). Parasitic infection of consumed vegetables in Hamadan. Pejouhandeh, 4: 267-71.(In Persion).
32. Yacoub AA, Bakr S, Hameed AM, Al-Thamery AA, Fartoci MJ(2006). Seroepidemiology of selected zoonotic infections in Basra region of Iraq. East Mediterr Health J, 12 (1-2): 112-18.
33. Kebede N, Mitiku A, Tilahun G(2010). Retrospective survey of human hydatidosis in Bahir Dar, north-western Ethiopia. East Mediterr Health J, 16 (9): 937-41.
34. Kandeel A, Ahmed ES, Helmy H, El Setouhy M, Craig PS, Ramzy RM(2004). A retrospective hospital study of human cystic echinococcosis in Egypt. East Mediterr Health J, 10 (3): 349-57.
35. Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U(2006). The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. Parasitol Int, 55 Suppl: S187-91.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51 No 6 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i6.9698 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hydatidosis Cystic echinococcosis Serology Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hafezi F, Mohammadzadeh T, Pazoki R, Ahmadi Ranani K, Sadjjadi SM. Sero-Epidemiological Study of Human Hydatidosis in Semnan and Sorkheh, Semnan Province, Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(6):1411-1418.
