Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obe-sity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional of Various Specialties in Montenegrin Army Soldiers
,
Abstract
Background: The body composition and physical fitness of members of the army is always a relevant topic for research, since the level of defense and security of people and material goods in a specific territory in many ways depends on the level of ability of the army. However, members of the armed forces are a heterogeneous group, typified by different abilities, characteristics, but also everyday needs, and the trend of changing body composition and reducing physical fitness is a current issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine possible differences in body composition indicators that could appear between members of the Army of Montenegro of different military specialties.
Methods: The sample of respondents included 240 Montenegrin male soldiers (32.5yr±9.5), who were measured at the sports dispensaries within the barracks of Montenegrin Army around the country in the spring of 2020, was classified into eight numerically equal subsamples according to their military specialty. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures, which were necessary to calculate two derived body composition indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (FAT %). Using the one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with Taki’s model, the variables were analyzed.
Results: It was determined that the body composition of Montenegrin soldiers shows a certain peculiarity compared to other national military corps, while there are differences in body composition indicators between members of the Montenegrin Army of different military specialties.Conclusion: This fact dramatically strengthens the issues of Montenegrin distinctive regarding body composition, both in general terms and in terms of distinctive within specific professional vocations.
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15. Dall TM, Zhang Y, Chen YJ, et al (2007). Cost associated with being overweight and with obesity, high alcohol con-sumption, and tobacco use within the military health system’s TRICARE prime-enrolled population. Am J Health Promot, 22(2):120-39.
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18. Jukic I, Vucetic V, Aracic M, et al (2008). Diagnostics of physical fitness of soldiers (In Croatian). Zagreb: Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb.
19. Bjelica D, Popovic S, Kezunovic M, et al (2012). Body height and its estimation utilising arm span measurements in Montenegrin adults. Anthropol Noteb, 18(2):69-83.
20. Popovic S (2017). Local Geographical Dif-ferences in Adult Body Height in Mon-tenegro. Monten J Sports Sci Med, 6(1):81-7.
21. Popovic S (2018). Arm-span measurement as an alternative estimation of true height in Montenegrin young adults of both sexes: A national survey. Anthropol Noteb, 24(1):53-67.
22. Banjevic B (2020). Morphological Charac-teristics and Functional Capabilities of Ground Forces Soldiers and Soldiers of the Navy of Montenegro. Sport Mont, 18(2):41-7.
23. Banjevic B, Popovic S, Masanovic B (2020). Body Mass Index and Body Fat Per-centage of Armed Forces Personnel in Montenegro among Different Age Groups. Iran J Public Health, 49(5):1010-1.
24. Kaminsky A (2013). A handbook for assessing health-related physical fitness (In Serbian). Bel-grade: Data Status.
25. Worthington EB (1965). The International Biological Programme. Nature, 208(5007):223-6.
26. Coon C (1939). The Races of Europe. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishers.
27. Glavac B (2015). Motor abilities, morphological status and life habits of members of the Serbian Army (In Serbian). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Belgrade: Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade.
28. Tugcu H, Ozaslan A, Ozaslan I, et al (2006). Estimation of Stature from Up-per Extremity. Mil Med, 171(4):288-91.
29. Gardasevic J, Masanovic B, Arifi F (2019). Relationship between Tibia Length Measurements and Standing Height: A Prospective Regional Study among Ado-lescents in Northern Region of Kosovo. Anthropologie, 57(3):263-9.
30. Masanovic B, Bavcevic T, Prskalo I (2019). Regional differences in adult body height in Kosovo. Monten J Sports Sci Med, 8(1):69-76.
31. Popovic S, Bjelica D, Molnar S, et al (2013). Body Height and Its Estimation Utiliz-ing Arm Span Measurements in Serbian Adults. Int J Morphol, 31(1):271-9.
32. Todosijevic M (1989). High psychophysical abil-ity of recruits required for quality staffing of most YPA branches and services and the influence of the disabled (In Serbian). Belgrade: Federal Secretariat for National Defense.
33. Sharp M, Knapik J, Wallker L (2008). Phys-ical fitness and body composition after a 9-month deployment to Afghanistan. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40(9):1687-92.
34. Marusic J, Dolenc P, Sarabon N (2020). Psychological Aspect of Rehabilitation and Return to Sport Following Lower Limb Injuries. Monten J Sports Sci Med, 9(2):59-64.
2. Cawley J, Maclean JC (2012). Unfit For Service: The Implications Of Rising Obesity For Us Military Recruitment. Health Econ, 21(11):1348-66.
3. Srivastava S, Veech RL (2019). Brown and Brite: The Fat Soldiers in the Anti-obesity Fight. Front Physiol, 10:38.
4. Smith TJ, Marriott BP, Dotson L, et al (2012). Overweight and Obesity in Mili-tary Personnel: Sociodemographic Pre-dictors. Obesity (Silver Spring), 20(7):1534-8.
5. Anyzewska A, Lakomy R, Lepionka T, et al (2020). Association between Diet, Physi-cal Activity and Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density of Soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry Units. Nutrients, 12(1):242.
6. Chasse E, Tingelstad HC, Needham-Beck S, et al (2019). Factors Affecting Per-formance on an Army Urban Operation Casualty Evacuation for Male and Fe-male Soldiers. Mil Med, 184(11-12): e856-62.
7. Mullie P, Vansant G, Mieke H, et al (2008). Evaluation of Body Fat Estimated from Body Mass Index and Impedance in Belgian Male Military Candidates: Com-paring Two Methods for Estimating Body Composition. Mil Med, 173(3):266-70.
8. Rodrigues LC, Fortes MDR, Lippert MAM, et al (2020). Visceral Fat, Physical Fitness and Biochemical Markers of Brazilian Military Personnel. Rev Bras Med Esporte, 26(1):21-4.
9. Tingelstad H, Theoret D, Spicovck M, et al (2016). Explaining Performance on Mili-tary Tasks in the Canadian Armed Forc-es: The Importance of Morphological and Physical Fitness Characteristics. Mil Med, 181(11):e1623-9.
10. Friedl KE (2012). Body Composition and Military Performance - Many Things to Many People. J Strength Cond Res, 26 Suppl 2:S87–100.
11. Kyrolainen H, Hakkinen K, Kautiainen H, et al (2008). Physical fitness, BMI and sickness absence in male military perso-nel. Occup Med (Lond), 58(4):251-6.
12. Sanderson PW, Clemes SA, Friedl KE, et al (2018). The association between obesity related health risk and fitness test results in the British Army personnel. J Sci Med Sport, 21(11):1173-7.
13. Steed C, Krull B, Morgan A, et al (2016). Relationship between body fat and physical fitness in Army ROTC cadets. Mil Med, 181(9):1007-12.
14. Kettunen J, Joensuu A, Hagnas M, et al (2019). Associations of increased physi-cal performance and change in body composition with molecular pathways of heart disease and diabetes risk. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 316(2):E221-9.
15. Dall TM, Zhang Y, Chen YJ, et al (2007). Cost associated with being overweight and with obesity, high alcohol con-sumption, and tobacco use within the military health system’s TRICARE prime-enrolled population. Am J Health Promot, 22(2):120-39.
16. Hoopsick RA, Vest BM, Homish DL, et al (2018). Combat exposure, emotional and physical role limitations, and sub-stance use among male United States Army Reserve and National Guard sol-diers. Qual Life Res, 27(1):137-47.
17. Lane ME, Hourani LL, Bray RM, et al (2012). Prevalence of Perceived Stress and Mental Health Indicators Among Reserve-Component and Active-Duty Military Personnel. Am J Public Health, 102(6):1213-20.
18. Jukic I, Vucetic V, Aracic M, et al (2008). Diagnostics of physical fitness of soldiers (In Croatian). Zagreb: Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb.
19. Bjelica D, Popovic S, Kezunovic M, et al (2012). Body height and its estimation utilising arm span measurements in Montenegrin adults. Anthropol Noteb, 18(2):69-83.
20. Popovic S (2017). Local Geographical Dif-ferences in Adult Body Height in Mon-tenegro. Monten J Sports Sci Med, 6(1):81-7.
21. Popovic S (2018). Arm-span measurement as an alternative estimation of true height in Montenegrin young adults of both sexes: A national survey. Anthropol Noteb, 24(1):53-67.
22. Banjevic B (2020). Morphological Charac-teristics and Functional Capabilities of Ground Forces Soldiers and Soldiers of the Navy of Montenegro. Sport Mont, 18(2):41-7.
23. Banjevic B, Popovic S, Masanovic B (2020). Body Mass Index and Body Fat Per-centage of Armed Forces Personnel in Montenegro among Different Age Groups. Iran J Public Health, 49(5):1010-1.
24. Kaminsky A (2013). A handbook for assessing health-related physical fitness (In Serbian). Bel-grade: Data Status.
25. Worthington EB (1965). The International Biological Programme. Nature, 208(5007):223-6.
26. Coon C (1939). The Races of Europe. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishers.
27. Glavac B (2015). Motor abilities, morphological status and life habits of members of the Serbian Army (In Serbian). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Belgrade: Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade.
28. Tugcu H, Ozaslan A, Ozaslan I, et al (2006). Estimation of Stature from Up-per Extremity. Mil Med, 171(4):288-91.
29. Gardasevic J, Masanovic B, Arifi F (2019). Relationship between Tibia Length Measurements and Standing Height: A Prospective Regional Study among Ado-lescents in Northern Region of Kosovo. Anthropologie, 57(3):263-9.
30. Masanovic B, Bavcevic T, Prskalo I (2019). Regional differences in adult body height in Kosovo. Monten J Sports Sci Med, 8(1):69-76.
31. Popovic S, Bjelica D, Molnar S, et al (2013). Body Height and Its Estimation Utiliz-ing Arm Span Measurements in Serbian Adults. Int J Morphol, 31(1):271-9.
32. Todosijevic M (1989). High psychophysical abil-ity of recruits required for quality staffing of most YPA branches and services and the influence of the disabled (In Serbian). Belgrade: Federal Secretariat for National Defense.
33. Sharp M, Knapik J, Wallker L (2008). Phys-ical fitness and body composition after a 9-month deployment to Afghanistan. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40(9):1687-92.
34. Marusic J, Dolenc P, Sarabon N (2020). Psychological Aspect of Rehabilitation and Return to Sport Following Lower Limb Injuries. Monten J Sports Sci Med, 9(2):59-64.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 49 No 12 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v49i12.4821 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Anthropometry Nutrition Physical fitness Military Montenegro | ||
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How to Cite
1.
POPOVIC S, BANJEVIC B, MASANOVIC B, BJELICA D. Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obe-sity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional of Various Specialties in Montenegrin Army Soldiers. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(12):2376-2383.
