The Application and Prospect of Mobile Health (mHealth) in Health Service for Older People Living Alone in Community: A Narrative Review
-
Dehui Kong
,
Jingjing Fu
,
Yan Hong
,
Siqi Liu
,
Yu Luo
Abstract
As a result of improvements in life expectancy and reductions in fertility rate, the increasing world population ageing brings huge challenges for both developed and developing countries. Such factors as fewer children, migration of children and widowhood further increase the number of older people living alone. Older adults prefer age in place, which means care in the home. As the main place older people live in, care in community absolutely needs more attention. Optimizing health services for the elderly living in community is of positive significance to health promotion and happiness enhancement. But the traditional health service for the elderly has drawbacks of poor timeliness and high labor cost. The rapid development of modern science and technology make it possible to apply mHealth in health service for the elderly. At present, mHealth is relatively mature in the communities of developed countries. This article presents the application of mHealth in many developed countries, as references for developing countries.
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2. Chen R, Xu P, Song P, et al (2019). China has faster pace than Japan in population aging in next 25 years. Biosci Trends,13(4):287-291.
3. Kumar Y (2019). Understanding the Frontiers of Human Longevity in India: Imperative and Palliative Care. Indian J Palliat Care,25(3):455-461.
4. Lin YY, Huang CS (2016). Aging in Taiwan: Building a Society for Active Aging and Aging in Place. Gerontologist,56(2):176-83.
5. WHO.World report on ageing and health 2015. https://www.who.int/ageing/events/world-report-2015-launch/en/
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7. Miyawaki Y, Shimizu Y, Seto N (2016). Classification of Support Needs for Elderly Outpatients with Diabetes Who Live Alone. Can J Diabetes,40(1):43-9.
8. Totten AM, Wagner J, Motu'apuaka M, et al (2013). Outpatient Case Management for Adults with Medical Illnesses and Complex Care Needs: Future Research Needs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
9. Pleschberger S, Wosko P (2017). From neighbour to carer: An exploratory study on the role of non-kin-carers in end-of-life care at home for older people living alone. Palliat Med,31(6):559-565.
10. Scott PA, Harvey C, Felzmann H, et al (2019). Resource allocation and rationing in nursing care: A discussion paper. Nurs Ethics,26(5):1528-1539.
11. Yuan Y (2016). Analysis of the Elders’ Intentions and Influencing Factors about Living in Institutions—Based on The CLASS Survey Data (in Chinese). Shanxi University of Finance & Economics.
12. Mattimore TJ, Wenger NS, Desbiens NA, et al (1997). Surrogate and physician understanding of patients' preferences for living permanently in a nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc,45(7):818-24.
13. Aoun S, Deas K, Skett K (2016). Older people living alone at home with terminal cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl),25(3):356-64.
14. Turner AJ, Nikolova S, Sutton M (2016). The effect of living alone on the costs and benefits of surgery amongst older people. Soc Sci Med,150:95-103.
15. Wang D, Zhang H, Ren H, et al (2018). Qualitative analyses of lived experience for residents in the Elderly Care Departments at the community health service centres in Southwestern China. Health Soc Care Community,26(1):e164-e172.
16. Golant SM (2017). A theoretical model to explain the smart technology adoption behaviors of elder consumers (Elderadopt). J Aging Stud,42:56-73.
17. Majumder S, Mondal T, Deen MJ (2017). Wearable Sensors for Remote Health Monitoring. Sensors (Basel),17(1):130.
18. Deen MJ (2015). Information and communications technologies for elderly ubiquitous healthcare in a smart home. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,19(3):573-599.
19. Abu-Ghanem S, Handzel O, Ness L, et al (2016). Smartphone-based audiometric test for screening hearing loss in the elderly. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,273(2):333-9.
20. Rolls L, Seymour JE, Froggatt KA, et al (2011). Older people living alone at the end of life in the U.K.: research and policy challenges. Palliat Med,25(6):650-7.
21. Manuals M (2019). Older Adults Living Alone. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/geriatrics/social-issues-in-older-adults/older-adults-living-alone
22. ThoughtCo. The Aging Population in China. https://www.thoughtco.com/elderly-in-china-4077065
23. WHO. mHealth: new horizons for health through mobile technologies: second global survey on eHealth. http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44607
24. Majumder S, Deen MJ (2019). Smartphone Sensors for Health Monitoring and Diagnosis. Sensors (Basel),19(9):2164.
25. Wang W, Lu H, Han R (2019). Experiences of Use of Wearable Fall Detection Devices in the Elderly Living Alone (in Chinese). Journal of Nursing Science,34(2):73-4.
26. Makizako H, Shimada H, Tsutsumimoto K, et al (2015). Social Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults as a Risk Factor for Disability. J Am Med Dir Assoc,16(11):1003.e7-11.
27. Mouodi S, Bijani A, Hosseini SR, et al (2016). Gender differences in the health status of elderly living alone compared to those who are not alone: Evidence of the AHAP study, North of Iran. Caspian J Intern Med,7(2):126-32.
28. Zhang M, Liang Y, Yuan S, et al (2019). The Role of Perceived Stress and Social Support in Improving Loneliness and Mental Health in Elderly People Living Alone (in Chinese). Journal of Clinical Nursing,18(4):2-4.
29. Oh DH, Park JH, Lee HY, et al (2015). Association between living arrangements and depressive symptoms among older women and men in South Korea. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol,50(1):133-41.
30. O'Suilleabhain PS, Gallagher S, Steptoe A (2019). Loneliness, Living Alone, and All-Cause Mortality: The Role of Emotional and Social Loneliness in the Elderly during 19 Years of Follow-Up. Psychosom Med,81(6):521-526.
31. Yang X, Li Y (2017). A Comparative Analysis of the Financial Conditions of the Elderly People Living Alone in East, Middle and West China: In the Case of Jinan, Zhengzhou and Lanzhou(in Chinese). Journal of Lanzhou University (Social Sciences),45(5):113-9.
32. Prochaska JJ, Coughlin SS, Lyons EJ (2017). Social Media and Mobile Technology for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book,37:128-37.
33. Kooistra J. Newzoo’s 2018 Global Mobile Market Report: Insights into the World’s 3 Billion Smartphone Users. https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/newzoos-2018-global-mobile-market-report-insights-into-the-worlds-3-billion-smartphone-users/
34. Piau A, Campo E, Rumeau P, et al (2014). Aging society and gerontechnology: a solution for an independent living? J Nutr Health Aging,18(1):97-112.
35. Tech-styles: Are Consumers Really Interested in Wearing Tech on Their Sleeves? https://www.nielsen.com/cn/en/insights/article/2014/tech-styles-are-consumers-really-interested-in-wearing-tech-on-their-sleeves/
36. Apple Watch Series 5. https://www.apple.com/apple-watch-series-5/
37. Toy BC, Myung DJ, He L, et al (2016). Smartphone-based dilated fundus photography and near visual acuity testing as inexpensive screening tools to detect referral warranted diabetic eye disease. Retina,36(5):1000-8.
38. Myung D, Jais A, He L, et al (2014). 3D Printed Smartphone Indirect Lens Adapter for Rapid. Journal MTM,1:915
39. Van Haasteren A, Gille F, Fadda M, et al (2019). Development of the mHealth App Trustworthiness checklist. Digit Health,5:2055207619886463.
40. Krebs P, Duncan DT (2015). Health App Use among US Mobile Phone Owners: A National Survey. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth,3(4):e101.
41. Jeon E, Park HA (2015). Development of a smartphone application for clinical-guideline-based obesity management. Healthc Inform Res,21(1):10-20.
42. Eyles H, McLean R, Neal B, et al (2014). Using mobile technology to support lower-salt food choices for people with cardiovascular disease: protocol for the SaltSwitch randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health,14:950.
43. Dorje T, Zhao G, Scheer A, et al (2018). SMARTphone and social media-based Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention (SMART-CR/SP) for patients with coronary heart disease in China: a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open,8(6):e021908.
44. Guardian T (2016). Air pollution rising at an 'alarming rate' in world's cities. https://www.airvisual.com/air-pollution-information/news/air-pollution-rising-at-an-alarming-rate-in-world-s-cities
45. Thap T, Chung H, Jeong C, et al (2016). High-Resolution Time-Frequency Spectrum-Based Lung Function Test from a Smartphone Microphone. Sensors (Basel), 16(8): 1305.
46. Stafford M, Lin F, Xu W (2016). Flappy Breath: A Smartphone-Based Breath Exergame. 2016 IEEE First International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE). p 332-3.
47. Szanto Z, Benko I, Jakab L, et al (2017). The use of a smartphone application for fast lung cancer risk assessmentdagger. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,51(6):1171-1176.
48. Cornet VP, Holden RJ (2018). Systematic review of smartphone-based passive sensing for health and wellbeing. J Biomed Inform,77:120-132.
49. Saeb S, Zhang M, Karr CJ, et al (2015). Mobile Phone Sensor Correlates of Depressive Symptom Severity in Daily-Life Behavior: An Exploratory Study. J Med Internet Res,17(7):e175.
50. Anderson K, Burford O, Emmerton L (2016). Mobile Health Apps to Facilitate Self-Care: A Qualitative Study of User Experiences. PLoS One,11(5):e0156164.
51. Coutinho ES, Bloch KV, Coeli CM (2012). One-year mortality among elderly people after hospitalization due to fall-related fractures: comparison with a control group of matched elderly. Cad Saude Publica,28(4):801-5.
52. Horta E, Lopes I, Rodrigues J, et al (2013). A mobile health application for falls detection and biofeedback monitoring. 36-40 p. DOI: 10.1109/HealthCom.2013.6720634
53. Anthony Berauk VL, Murugiah MK, Soh YC, et al (2018). Mobile Health Applications for Caring of Older People: Review and Comparison. Ther Innov Regul Sci,52(3):374-382.
54. Callahan A, Benkwith K, Grayson R (1950). Prevention of blindness and deafness. J Med Assoc State Ala, 19(11):361.
55. Lin YC, Lai YH, Chang HW, et al (2018). SmartHear: A Smartphone-Based Remote Microphone Hearing Assistive System Using Wireless Technologies. IEEE Systems Journal,12:20-9.
56. Md Abu Sayeed Mondol, Ifat Afrin Emi, Stankovic JA. MedRem: An Interactive Medication Reminder and Tracking System on Wrist Devices.
57. Mauldin TR, Canby ME, Metsis V, et al (2018). SmartFall: A Smartwatch-Based Fall Detection System Using Deep Learning. Sensors (Basel),18(10):3363.
58. Madakam S, Ramaswamy R, Tripathi S (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review. Journal of Computer and Communications,3:164-73.
59. Majumder S, Aghayi E, Noferesti M, et al (2017). Smart Homes for Elderly Healthcare-Recent Advances and Research Challenges. Sensors (Basel),17(11):2496.
60. Amato G, Bacciu D, Broxvall M, et al (2015). Robotic Ubiquitous Cognitive Ecology for Smart Homes. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems,80(1):57-81.
61. Liu L, Stroulia E, Nikolaidis I, et al (2016). Smart homes and home health monitoring technologies for older adults: A systematic review. Int J Med Inform,91:44-59.
62. Reeder B, Meyer E, Lazar A, et al (2013). Framing the evidence for health smart homes and home-based consumer health technologies as a public health intervention for independent aging: a systematic review. Int J Med Inform,82(7):565-79.
63. Thota C, Sundarasekar R, Manogaran G, et al (2018). Centralized Fog Computing Security Platform for IoT and Cloud in Healthcare System. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2947-7.ch011
64. Laghari A, Waheed ur R, Memon ZA (2016). Biometric authentication technique using smartphone sensor. 2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2016.7429906
65. Sucala M, Cuijpers P, Muench F, et al (2017). Anxiety: There is an app for that. A systematic review of anxiety apps. Depress Anxiety,34(6):518-525.
66. Visvanathan A, Hamilton A, Brady RR (2012). Smartphone apps in microbiology--is better regulation required? Clin Microbiol Infect,18(7):E218-20.
67. Chiarini G, Ray P, Akter S, et al (2013). mHealth Technologies for Chronic Diseases and Elders: A Systematic Review. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(9):6-18.
68. Mishra AN, Anderson C, Angst CM, et al (2012). Electronic Health Records Assimilation and Physician Identity Evolution: An Identity Theory Perspective. Information Systems Research, 23:738-60.
69. Rai A, Chen L, Pye J, et al (2013). Understanding determinants of consumer mobile health usage intentions, assimilation, and channel preferences. J Med Internet Res,15(8):e149.
2. Chen R, Xu P, Song P, et al (2019). China has faster pace than Japan in population aging in next 25 years. Biosci Trends,13(4):287-291.
3. Kumar Y (2019). Understanding the Frontiers of Human Longevity in India: Imperative and Palliative Care. Indian J Palliat Care,25(3):455-461.
4. Lin YY, Huang CS (2016). Aging in Taiwan: Building a Society for Active Aging and Aging in Place. Gerontologist,56(2):176-83.
5. WHO.World report on ageing and health 2015. https://www.who.int/ageing/events/world-report-2015-launch/en/
6. Friedman SM, Mulhausen P, Cleveland ML, et al (2019). Healthy Aging: American Geriatrics Society White Paper Executive Summary. J Am Geriatr Soc,67(1):17-20.
7. Miyawaki Y, Shimizu Y, Seto N (2016). Classification of Support Needs for Elderly Outpatients with Diabetes Who Live Alone. Can J Diabetes,40(1):43-9.
8. Totten AM, Wagner J, Motu'apuaka M, et al (2013). Outpatient Case Management for Adults with Medical Illnesses and Complex Care Needs: Future Research Needs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
9. Pleschberger S, Wosko P (2017). From neighbour to carer: An exploratory study on the role of non-kin-carers in end-of-life care at home for older people living alone. Palliat Med,31(6):559-565.
10. Scott PA, Harvey C, Felzmann H, et al (2019). Resource allocation and rationing in nursing care: A discussion paper. Nurs Ethics,26(5):1528-1539.
11. Yuan Y (2016). Analysis of the Elders’ Intentions and Influencing Factors about Living in Institutions—Based on The CLASS Survey Data (in Chinese). Shanxi University of Finance & Economics.
12. Mattimore TJ, Wenger NS, Desbiens NA, et al (1997). Surrogate and physician understanding of patients' preferences for living permanently in a nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc,45(7):818-24.
13. Aoun S, Deas K, Skett K (2016). Older people living alone at home with terminal cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl),25(3):356-64.
14. Turner AJ, Nikolova S, Sutton M (2016). The effect of living alone on the costs and benefits of surgery amongst older people. Soc Sci Med,150:95-103.
15. Wang D, Zhang H, Ren H, et al (2018). Qualitative analyses of lived experience for residents in the Elderly Care Departments at the community health service centres in Southwestern China. Health Soc Care Community,26(1):e164-e172.
16. Golant SM (2017). A theoretical model to explain the smart technology adoption behaviors of elder consumers (Elderadopt). J Aging Stud,42:56-73.
17. Majumder S, Mondal T, Deen MJ (2017). Wearable Sensors for Remote Health Monitoring. Sensors (Basel),17(1):130.
18. Deen MJ (2015). Information and communications technologies for elderly ubiquitous healthcare in a smart home. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,19(3):573-599.
19. Abu-Ghanem S, Handzel O, Ness L, et al (2016). Smartphone-based audiometric test for screening hearing loss in the elderly. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,273(2):333-9.
20. Rolls L, Seymour JE, Froggatt KA, et al (2011). Older people living alone at the end of life in the U.K.: research and policy challenges. Palliat Med,25(6):650-7.
21. Manuals M (2019). Older Adults Living Alone. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/geriatrics/social-issues-in-older-adults/older-adults-living-alone
22. ThoughtCo. The Aging Population in China. https://www.thoughtco.com/elderly-in-china-4077065
23. WHO. mHealth: new horizons for health through mobile technologies: second global survey on eHealth. http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44607
24. Majumder S, Deen MJ (2019). Smartphone Sensors for Health Monitoring and Diagnosis. Sensors (Basel),19(9):2164.
25. Wang W, Lu H, Han R (2019). Experiences of Use of Wearable Fall Detection Devices in the Elderly Living Alone (in Chinese). Journal of Nursing Science,34(2):73-4.
26. Makizako H, Shimada H, Tsutsumimoto K, et al (2015). Social Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults as a Risk Factor for Disability. J Am Med Dir Assoc,16(11):1003.e7-11.
27. Mouodi S, Bijani A, Hosseini SR, et al (2016). Gender differences in the health status of elderly living alone compared to those who are not alone: Evidence of the AHAP study, North of Iran. Caspian J Intern Med,7(2):126-32.
28. Zhang M, Liang Y, Yuan S, et al (2019). The Role of Perceived Stress and Social Support in Improving Loneliness and Mental Health in Elderly People Living Alone (in Chinese). Journal of Clinical Nursing,18(4):2-4.
29. Oh DH, Park JH, Lee HY, et al (2015). Association between living arrangements and depressive symptoms among older women and men in South Korea. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol,50(1):133-41.
30. O'Suilleabhain PS, Gallagher S, Steptoe A (2019). Loneliness, Living Alone, and All-Cause Mortality: The Role of Emotional and Social Loneliness in the Elderly during 19 Years of Follow-Up. Psychosom Med,81(6):521-526.
31. Yang X, Li Y (2017). A Comparative Analysis of the Financial Conditions of the Elderly People Living Alone in East, Middle and West China: In the Case of Jinan, Zhengzhou and Lanzhou(in Chinese). Journal of Lanzhou University (Social Sciences),45(5):113-9.
32. Prochaska JJ, Coughlin SS, Lyons EJ (2017). Social Media and Mobile Technology for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book,37:128-37.
33. Kooistra J. Newzoo’s 2018 Global Mobile Market Report: Insights into the World’s 3 Billion Smartphone Users. https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/newzoos-2018-global-mobile-market-report-insights-into-the-worlds-3-billion-smartphone-users/
34. Piau A, Campo E, Rumeau P, et al (2014). Aging society and gerontechnology: a solution for an independent living? J Nutr Health Aging,18(1):97-112.
35. Tech-styles: Are Consumers Really Interested in Wearing Tech on Their Sleeves? https://www.nielsen.com/cn/en/insights/article/2014/tech-styles-are-consumers-really-interested-in-wearing-tech-on-their-sleeves/
36. Apple Watch Series 5. https://www.apple.com/apple-watch-series-5/
37. Toy BC, Myung DJ, He L, et al (2016). Smartphone-based dilated fundus photography and near visual acuity testing as inexpensive screening tools to detect referral warranted diabetic eye disease. Retina,36(5):1000-8.
38. Myung D, Jais A, He L, et al (2014). 3D Printed Smartphone Indirect Lens Adapter for Rapid. Journal MTM,1:915
39. Van Haasteren A, Gille F, Fadda M, et al (2019). Development of the mHealth App Trustworthiness checklist. Digit Health,5:2055207619886463.
40. Krebs P, Duncan DT (2015). Health App Use among US Mobile Phone Owners: A National Survey. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth,3(4):e101.
41. Jeon E, Park HA (2015). Development of a smartphone application for clinical-guideline-based obesity management. Healthc Inform Res,21(1):10-20.
42. Eyles H, McLean R, Neal B, et al (2014). Using mobile technology to support lower-salt food choices for people with cardiovascular disease: protocol for the SaltSwitch randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health,14:950.
43. Dorje T, Zhao G, Scheer A, et al (2018). SMARTphone and social media-based Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention (SMART-CR/SP) for patients with coronary heart disease in China: a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open,8(6):e021908.
44. Guardian T (2016). Air pollution rising at an 'alarming rate' in world's cities. https://www.airvisual.com/air-pollution-information/news/air-pollution-rising-at-an-alarming-rate-in-world-s-cities
45. Thap T, Chung H, Jeong C, et al (2016). High-Resolution Time-Frequency Spectrum-Based Lung Function Test from a Smartphone Microphone. Sensors (Basel), 16(8): 1305.
46. Stafford M, Lin F, Xu W (2016). Flappy Breath: A Smartphone-Based Breath Exergame. 2016 IEEE First International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE). p 332-3.
47. Szanto Z, Benko I, Jakab L, et al (2017). The use of a smartphone application for fast lung cancer risk assessmentdagger. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,51(6):1171-1176.
48. Cornet VP, Holden RJ (2018). Systematic review of smartphone-based passive sensing for health and wellbeing. J Biomed Inform,77:120-132.
49. Saeb S, Zhang M, Karr CJ, et al (2015). Mobile Phone Sensor Correlates of Depressive Symptom Severity in Daily-Life Behavior: An Exploratory Study. J Med Internet Res,17(7):e175.
50. Anderson K, Burford O, Emmerton L (2016). Mobile Health Apps to Facilitate Self-Care: A Qualitative Study of User Experiences. PLoS One,11(5):e0156164.
51. Coutinho ES, Bloch KV, Coeli CM (2012). One-year mortality among elderly people after hospitalization due to fall-related fractures: comparison with a control group of matched elderly. Cad Saude Publica,28(4):801-5.
52. Horta E, Lopes I, Rodrigues J, et al (2013). A mobile health application for falls detection and biofeedback monitoring. 36-40 p. DOI: 10.1109/HealthCom.2013.6720634
53. Anthony Berauk VL, Murugiah MK, Soh YC, et al (2018). Mobile Health Applications for Caring of Older People: Review and Comparison. Ther Innov Regul Sci,52(3):374-382.
54. Callahan A, Benkwith K, Grayson R (1950). Prevention of blindness and deafness. J Med Assoc State Ala, 19(11):361.
55. Lin YC, Lai YH, Chang HW, et al (2018). SmartHear: A Smartphone-Based Remote Microphone Hearing Assistive System Using Wireless Technologies. IEEE Systems Journal,12:20-9.
56. Md Abu Sayeed Mondol, Ifat Afrin Emi, Stankovic JA. MedRem: An Interactive Medication Reminder and Tracking System on Wrist Devices.
57. Mauldin TR, Canby ME, Metsis V, et al (2018). SmartFall: A Smartwatch-Based Fall Detection System Using Deep Learning. Sensors (Basel),18(10):3363.
58. Madakam S, Ramaswamy R, Tripathi S (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature Review. Journal of Computer and Communications,3:164-73.
59. Majumder S, Aghayi E, Noferesti M, et al (2017). Smart Homes for Elderly Healthcare-Recent Advances and Research Challenges. Sensors (Basel),17(11):2496.
60. Amato G, Bacciu D, Broxvall M, et al (2015). Robotic Ubiquitous Cognitive Ecology for Smart Homes. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems,80(1):57-81.
61. Liu L, Stroulia E, Nikolaidis I, et al (2016). Smart homes and home health monitoring technologies for older adults: A systematic review. Int J Med Inform,91:44-59.
62. Reeder B, Meyer E, Lazar A, et al (2013). Framing the evidence for health smart homes and home-based consumer health technologies as a public health intervention for independent aging: a systematic review. Int J Med Inform,82(7):565-79.
63. Thota C, Sundarasekar R, Manogaran G, et al (2018). Centralized Fog Computing Security Platform for IoT and Cloud in Healthcare System. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2947-7.ch011
64. Laghari A, Waheed ur R, Memon ZA (2016). Biometric authentication technique using smartphone sensor. 2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). DOI: 10.1109/IBCAST.2016.7429906
65. Sucala M, Cuijpers P, Muench F, et al (2017). Anxiety: There is an app for that. A systematic review of anxiety apps. Depress Anxiety,34(6):518-525.
66. Visvanathan A, Hamilton A, Brady RR (2012). Smartphone apps in microbiology--is better regulation required? Clin Microbiol Infect,18(7):E218-20.
67. Chiarini G, Ray P, Akter S, et al (2013). mHealth Technologies for Chronic Diseases and Elders: A Systematic Review. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(9):6-18.
68. Mishra AN, Anderson C, Angst CM, et al (2012). Electronic Health Records Assimilation and Physician Identity Evolution: An Identity Theory Perspective. Information Systems Research, 23:738-60.
69. Rai A, Chen L, Pye J, et al (2013). Understanding determinants of consumer mobile health usage intentions, assimilation, and channel preferences. J Med Internet Res,15(8):e149.
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| Issue | Vol 51 No 4 (2022) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i4.9233 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Older people mHealth Live alone Community | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Kong D, Fu J, Hong Y, Liu S, Luo Y. The Application and Prospect of Mobile Health (mHealth) in Health Service for Older People Living Alone in Community: A Narrative Review. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(4):724-732.
