The Impact of Population Ageing: A Review
,
Abstract
Background: Population aging refers to the increase in number and percentage of older population aged 60 yr and above, and at the same time, decreasing in number and percentage of the young population aged 15 yr old and below. Starting in developed countries, population aging has now become a distinctive demographic phenomenon in developing countries. Nowadays developing countries have become the home to the largest proportion of older people in the world. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of population aging in Malaysia.
Methods: We employed a secondary data analysis related to the impact of population aging in Malaysia. In analyzing the data, the paper detailed, segmented, coded and, formulated the text into themes through a thematic approach. The themes that emerged from the data were family changes, migration of youth, support and care, health problems, financial security as well as housing problems. These emerged themes mapped the shared patterns of the impacts of the population aging.
Results: With the increasing of the older population in Malaysia, there are various impacts of population aging emerged, particularly in terms of family changes, youth migration to cities, support and care, health, financial security and housing. The discussion in this article is revolved around these impacts.
Conclusion: The growth of older people and the impact emerging from it has certain policy implications for the government of the country. Thus, the government needs to prepare for adequate policies and resources for future older people.
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11. Department of Statistics Malaysia (2017b). Population and Demographic – Ageing, BPPD Newslatter1, August 1–2. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/upload s/ file/ 6_Newletter/ Ageing.pdf
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13. HelpAge International (1999). Ageing and Development Newsletter 3: May.
14. Jariah M, Tengku Aizan H, Sharifah AH (2015). Measuring poverty among elderly Malaysians. Asian Journal for Poverty Studies 1(1): 73-81.
15. Kinsella K, Wan He (2009). An ageing world: 2008. U.S. Census Bureau, International Population Reports P95/09-1. Washing-ton D.C: U.S Government Printing Of-fice.
16. Wan Ibrahim WA, I Komang Astina, Budi-janto (2015). Demographic transition and population ageing. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences May 6(3): 213-18.
17. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad (2018). Popula-tion aging and old age in Malaysia: The changing role of the family and major challenges ahead. In: Thomas R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, The-sesa W Devasahayam. (Eds.). Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. London: Routledge.
18. Boslaugh S (2007). Secondary data sources for public health: A practical guide. New York: Cambridge.
19. Johnston MP (2014). Secondary data analy-sis: A method of which the time has come. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML) 3: 619-26.
20. Andrews L, Higgins A, Andrews M W, Lalor JG (2012). Classic grounded theory to analyse secondary data: Reality and re-flections. The Grounded Theory Review 11(1): 12-26.
21. Smith E (2008). Using secondary data in educa-tional and social research. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
22. Creswell, John W (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Fourth Edition. Bos-ton: Pearson.
23. Vaismoradi M, Jones J, Turunen H, Snelgrove S (2016). Theme development in qualitative content analysis and themat-ic analysis. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 6(5): 100-110.
24. Limanonda, Bhassorn (1991). Health and welfare policies for the elderly. In: Asia population studies series no. 108, population age-ing in Asia. New York: United Nations.
25. Hugo G (1992). Ageing in Indonesia: A ne-glected area of policy concern. In David. R. Phillips (Ed.). Ageing in East and South-East Asia. London: Edward Arnold.
26. Wan Ibrahim WA (2007). Perubahan demo-grafi dan kajian mengenai warga tua di Malaysia: Sumbangan sarjana tempatan. [Demographic changes and research of older people in Malaysia: The contribu-tion of the local scholars]. Journal of Social Development, 10: 23-49.
27. Kalache, Alexander, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Inggrid Keller (2005). Demographic revo-lution in all cultures and societies. In: Malcolm L. Johnson. Age and ageing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Martin Linda G (1988). The aging of Asia. Journal of Gerontology: Social Science 43(4): 99-113.
29. Hardywinoto, Tony Setiabudhi (2005). Pan-duan gerontology, tinjauan dari berbagai aspek: Menjaga keseimbangan kualitas hidup para lanjut usia [Gerontology guidelines, reviews from various aspects: Maintaining a balanced quality of life for the elderly]. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
30. Ghazy Mujahid (2006). Population ageing in east and south-east Asia, 1950 – 2050: Implications for elderly care. Asia-Pacific Population Journal 21(2): 25-44.
31. Masa Hugo (2018). Ageing and old age in modern society. In: Thomas R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, The-resa W Devasahayam. Eds, Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspec-tives. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
32. Cristea M, Noja G G (2019): European agri-culture under immigration effects: New empirical evidence. Agricultural Economics – Czech 65: 112–22.
33. Leng Leng Thang, Suen Johan (2018). Growing old in Singapore: Working of the “many helping hands” policy ap-proach. In: Thomas R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, Thesesa W Devasahayam. (Eds.). Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. London: Routledge.
34. Komang Astina I, Wan Ibrahim WA (2011). Penuaan penduduk dan permasalahannya di Indonesia. [The population aging and its problems in Indonesia]. Jurnal Pem-bangunan Sosial [Journal of Social Development] 14: 89-107.
35. Cantor M, Little V (1985). Aging and social care. In: Binstock R H, Shanas E. Eds, Handbook of aging and the social sciences. Sec-ond Edition. New York: Van Nostrand.
36. Shanas E (1980). Older people and their families: The new pioneers. Marriage and the family, 9-15.
37. Litwak E (1985). Helping the elderly: The comple-mentary roles of informal networks and formal systems. New York: Guilford.
38. Masitah MMY, Nazileh R (1988). Sosio eco-nomic consequences of the ageing of population sur-vey 1986: Malaysia country report. Kuala Lumpur: National Population & Family Development Board.
39. Chen Ai Ju, Jones GW (1989). Ageing in Asean: Its sosio-economic consequences. Singa-pore: Institute of South East Asian Study.
40. Ogawa N (1992). Resources for the elderly in economic development. In: Hal L. Kendig et al. Ed, Family support for the elder-ly: The international experience. Oxford: Ox-ford University.
41. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad (1999). Hub-ungan sosial, sokongan, dan kesejahter-aan warga tua: Satu kajian di pedesaan Kelantan. [Social relations, support, and well-being of older people: A study in the rural Kelantan] [PhD Thesis]. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
42. Kim S, Kim M, Han D (2020). Incidence rates of disability and its associated fac-tors among Korean community-dwelling older adults. Iran J Public Health 49(9): 1718-1726.
43. Zainab l, Wan-Ibrahim WA, Zuria M, et al (2012). An alternative living arrangement for older Malaysian. Advance in Natural and Applied Sciences 6(8): 1568-72.
44. Zainab I, Wan Ibrahim WA, Elmi B (2012). Religious participations among the older persons in Malaysia. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3): 388-91.
45. Zainab I, Wan-Ibrahim WA (2014). Social welfare issues of older population in Ma-laysia. World Applied Sciences Journal 30(7): 887-90.
46. Eastman K Sampson (1978). Housing satis-faction, life satisfaction, and disability. Housing and Society 5(3): 27-34.
47. Norizan Abdul Ghani, Sulaiman Md. Yas-sin, Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad, Wan Sa-lihin Wong Abdullah (2010). Island communities: Level of quality of life, set-tlements and housing in Pulau Perhen-tian, Terengganu, Malaysia. The Social Sci-ences 5(5): 433-39.
2. Kinsella K, Victoria A Velkoff (2001). An ageing world: 2001. U.S. Bureau of the Cen-sus, International Population Reports P95/92-3. Washington D.C: U.S Gov-ernment Printing Office.
3. United Nations (1991). Sex and age distribu-tions of population. New York: Department of International Economics and Social Affair. Retrieved from https://shop.un.org/books/sex-and-age-distributions-popul-30893
4. Department of Statistics Malaysia (1973). Age distribution. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Statistics, Malaysia.
5. Department of Statistics Malaysia (1977). General report 1970. Kuala Lumpur: De-partment of Statistics, Malaysia.
6. Department of Statistics Malaysia (1984). Population report for administrative district. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Statistics, Malaysia.
7. Department of Statistics Malaysia (1995). General report of the population census volume 2. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Statistics, Malaysia.
8. Department of Statistics Malaysia (2001). Population distribution and basic demographic characteristics. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Statistics, Malaysia.
9. Department of Statistics Malaysia (2011). Population distribution and basic demographic characteristics 2010. Kuala Lumpur: De-partment of Statistics, Malaysia.
10. Department of Statistics Malaysia (2017a). Current population estimates 2017. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Statistics, Malay-sia.
11. Department of Statistics Malaysia (2017b). Population and Demographic – Ageing, BPPD Newslatter1, August 1–2. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/upload s/ file/ 6_Newletter/ Ageing.pdf
12. United Nations (2017). Addressing the chal-lenges of population ageing in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: ESCAP.
13. HelpAge International (1999). Ageing and Development Newsletter 3: May.
14. Jariah M, Tengku Aizan H, Sharifah AH (2015). Measuring poverty among elderly Malaysians. Asian Journal for Poverty Studies 1(1): 73-81.
15. Kinsella K, Wan He (2009). An ageing world: 2008. U.S. Census Bureau, International Population Reports P95/09-1. Washing-ton D.C: U.S Government Printing Of-fice.
16. Wan Ibrahim WA, I Komang Astina, Budi-janto (2015). Demographic transition and population ageing. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences May 6(3): 213-18.
17. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad (2018). Popula-tion aging and old age in Malaysia: The changing role of the family and major challenges ahead. In: Thomas R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, The-sesa W Devasahayam. (Eds.). Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. London: Routledge.
18. Boslaugh S (2007). Secondary data sources for public health: A practical guide. New York: Cambridge.
19. Johnston MP (2014). Secondary data analy-sis: A method of which the time has come. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML) 3: 619-26.
20. Andrews L, Higgins A, Andrews M W, Lalor JG (2012). Classic grounded theory to analyse secondary data: Reality and re-flections. The Grounded Theory Review 11(1): 12-26.
21. Smith E (2008). Using secondary data in educa-tional and social research. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
22. Creswell, John W (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Fourth Edition. Bos-ton: Pearson.
23. Vaismoradi M, Jones J, Turunen H, Snelgrove S (2016). Theme development in qualitative content analysis and themat-ic analysis. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 6(5): 100-110.
24. Limanonda, Bhassorn (1991). Health and welfare policies for the elderly. In: Asia population studies series no. 108, population age-ing in Asia. New York: United Nations.
25. Hugo G (1992). Ageing in Indonesia: A ne-glected area of policy concern. In David. R. Phillips (Ed.). Ageing in East and South-East Asia. London: Edward Arnold.
26. Wan Ibrahim WA (2007). Perubahan demo-grafi dan kajian mengenai warga tua di Malaysia: Sumbangan sarjana tempatan. [Demographic changes and research of older people in Malaysia: The contribu-tion of the local scholars]. Journal of Social Development, 10: 23-49.
27. Kalache, Alexander, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Inggrid Keller (2005). Demographic revo-lution in all cultures and societies. In: Malcolm L. Johnson. Age and ageing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Martin Linda G (1988). The aging of Asia. Journal of Gerontology: Social Science 43(4): 99-113.
29. Hardywinoto, Tony Setiabudhi (2005). Pan-duan gerontology, tinjauan dari berbagai aspek: Menjaga keseimbangan kualitas hidup para lanjut usia [Gerontology guidelines, reviews from various aspects: Maintaining a balanced quality of life for the elderly]. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
30. Ghazy Mujahid (2006). Population ageing in east and south-east Asia, 1950 – 2050: Implications for elderly care. Asia-Pacific Population Journal 21(2): 25-44.
31. Masa Hugo (2018). Ageing and old age in modern society. In: Thomas R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, The-resa W Devasahayam. Eds, Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspec-tives. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
32. Cristea M, Noja G G (2019): European agri-culture under immigration effects: New empirical evidence. Agricultural Economics – Czech 65: 112–22.
33. Leng Leng Thang, Suen Johan (2018). Growing old in Singapore: Working of the “many helping hands” policy ap-proach. In: Thomas R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, Thesesa W Devasahayam. (Eds.). Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. London: Routledge.
34. Komang Astina I, Wan Ibrahim WA (2011). Penuaan penduduk dan permasalahannya di Indonesia. [The population aging and its problems in Indonesia]. Jurnal Pem-bangunan Sosial [Journal of Social Development] 14: 89-107.
35. Cantor M, Little V (1985). Aging and social care. In: Binstock R H, Shanas E. Eds, Handbook of aging and the social sciences. Sec-ond Edition. New York: Van Nostrand.
36. Shanas E (1980). Older people and their families: The new pioneers. Marriage and the family, 9-15.
37. Litwak E (1985). Helping the elderly: The comple-mentary roles of informal networks and formal systems. New York: Guilford.
38. Masitah MMY, Nazileh R (1988). Sosio eco-nomic consequences of the ageing of population sur-vey 1986: Malaysia country report. Kuala Lumpur: National Population & Family Development Board.
39. Chen Ai Ju, Jones GW (1989). Ageing in Asean: Its sosio-economic consequences. Singa-pore: Institute of South East Asian Study.
40. Ogawa N (1992). Resources for the elderly in economic development. In: Hal L. Kendig et al. Ed, Family support for the elder-ly: The international experience. Oxford: Ox-ford University.
41. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad (1999). Hub-ungan sosial, sokongan, dan kesejahter-aan warga tua: Satu kajian di pedesaan Kelantan. [Social relations, support, and well-being of older people: A study in the rural Kelantan] [PhD Thesis]. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
42. Kim S, Kim M, Han D (2020). Incidence rates of disability and its associated fac-tors among Korean community-dwelling older adults. Iran J Public Health 49(9): 1718-1726.
43. Zainab l, Wan-Ibrahim WA, Zuria M, et al (2012). An alternative living arrangement for older Malaysian. Advance in Natural and Applied Sciences 6(8): 1568-72.
44. Zainab I, Wan Ibrahim WA, Elmi B (2012). Religious participations among the older persons in Malaysia. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3): 388-91.
45. Zainab I, Wan-Ibrahim WA (2014). Social welfare issues of older population in Ma-laysia. World Applied Sciences Journal 30(7): 887-90.
46. Eastman K Sampson (1978). Housing satis-faction, life satisfaction, and disability. Housing and Society 5(3): 27-34.
47. Norizan Abdul Ghani, Sulaiman Md. Yas-sin, Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad, Wan Sa-lihin Wong Abdullah (2010). Island communities: Level of quality of life, set-tlements and housing in Pulau Perhen-tian, Terengganu, Malaysia. The Social Sci-ences 5(5): 433-39.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 50 No 12 (2021) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7927 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Older person Population aging Life expectancy Family support Quality of life | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ismail Z, Wan Ahmad WI, Hanin Hamjah S, Astina IK. The Impact of Population Ageing: A Review. Iran J Public Health. 2021;50(12):2451-2460.
