In-Vitro Fertilization Impact on the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Review Article
,
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of infertility, the number of referrals to infertility treatment centers has also increased. Nowadays, assisted reproductive technology (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), is a treatment for infertility or genetic problems. Considering the possible consequences of this method among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and kids conceived by IVF, extensive research has been conducted in this regard.
Methods: Overall, 100 articles were entered into the study, and relevant articles were searched and extracted from PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar databases. In IVF procedure, medications such as Clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins are used to stimulate and mature follicles and thus increase ovulation.
Results: There are conflicting opinions on this issue. Some findings report a slight increase in cancer risk for hormone-sensitive cancers including breast cancer. The long-term use of IVF medications can increase estrogen hormones and cause excessive expression of genes, resulting in an increased risk of breast cancer, which is one of the most frequent cancers among women.
Conclusion: There are some risks to be aware of, which followed the hypothesis that long IVF treatment process may lead to breast cancer among IVF candidates. Furthermore, the risk of breast cancer may be increased in those women with a positive family history and related inherited genes. Therefore, women candidates for IVF should be informed of the probable implications of the reproductive therapy techniques.
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3. Boivin J, Bunting L, Collins JA, Nygren KG (2007). International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Hum Reprod, 22(6):1506-12.
4. Mosher WD (1982). Infertility trends among U.S. couples: 1965-1976. Fam Plann Perspect, 14(1):22-7.
5. Klip H, Burger CW, de Kraker J, van Leeuwen FE (2001). Risk of cancer in the offspring of women who underwent ovarian stimulation for IVF. Hum Reprod, 16(11):2451-8.
6. Gauthier E, Paoletti X, Clavel-Chapelon F (2004). Breast cancer risk associated with being treated for infertility: results from the French E3N cohort study. Hum Reprod, 19(10):2216-21.
7. Brown J, Farquhar C, Beck J, Boothroyd C, Hughes E (2009). Clomiphene and anti-oestrogens for ovulation induction in PCOS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7;(4):CD002249.
8. National Collaborating Centre for Ws, Children's H (2004). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance. In: Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems. Ed(s). London (UK): RCOG Press. Copyright © 2004, National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health.
9. Ayhan A, Salman MC, Celik H, et al (2004). Association between fertility drugs and gynecologic cancers, breast cancer, and childhood cancers. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 83(12):1104-11.
10. Mneimneh AS, Boulet SL, Sunderam S, et al (2013). States Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (SMART) Collaborative: data collection, linkage, dissemination, and use. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 22(7):571-7.
11. Beurskens MP, Maas JW, Evers JL (1995). [Subfertility in South Limburg: calculation of incidence and appeal for specialist care]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 139(5):235-8.
12. Wysowski DK (1993). Use of fertility drugs in the United States, 1973 through 1991. Fertil Steril, 60(6):1096-8.
13. de Jong-van den Berg LT, Cornel MC, van den Berg PB, et al (1992). Ovulation-inducing drugs: a drug utilization and risk study in the Dutch population. Int J Risk Saf Med, 3(2):99-111.
14. Jensen A, Sharif H, Olsen JH, Kjaer SK (2008). Risk of breast cancer and gynecologic cancers in a large population of nearly 50,000 infertile Danish women. Am J Epidemiol, 168(1):49-57.
15. Anstey EH, Shoemaker ML, Barrera CM, et al (2017). Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer Risk Reduction: Implications for Black Mothers. Am J Prev Med, 53(3S1):S40-S46.
16. Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Wise LA, et al (2011). Parity and lactation in relation to estrogen receptor negative breast cancer in African American women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 20(9): 1883–1891.
17. Lundberg FE, Johansson AL, Rodriguez-Wallberg K, et al (2016). Association of infertility and fertility treatment with mammographic density in a large screening-based cohort of women: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res, 18(1):36.
18. Ron E, Lunenfeld B, Menczer J, et al (1987). Cancer incidence in a cohort of infertile women. Am J Epidemiol, 125(5):780-90.
19. Modan B, Ron E, Lerner-Geva L, Blumstein T, et al (1998). Cancer incidence in a cohort of infertile women. Am J Epidemiol, 147(11):1038-42.
20. Burkman RT, Tang MT, Malone KE, et al (2003). Infertility drugs and the risk of breast cancer: findings from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Fertil Steril, 79(4):844-51.
21. Kroener L, Dumesic D, Al-Safi Z (2017). Use of fertility medications and cancer risk: a review and update. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 29(4):195-201.
22. Farhud D, Zokaei S, Keykhaei M, et al (2019). Strong Evidences of the Ovarian Carcinoma Risk in Women after IVF Treatment: A Review Article. Iran J Public Health, 48(12):2124-2132.
23. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, et al (2009). Cancer risk after exposure to treatments for ovulation induction. Am J Epidemiol, 169(3):365-75.
24. Reigstad MM, Larsen IK, Myklebust T, et al (2015). Risk of breast cancer following fertility treatment--a registry based cohort study of parous women in Norway. Int J Cancer, 136(5):1140-8.
25. Brinton L (2007). Long-term effects of ovulation-stimulating drugs on cancer risk. Reprod Biomed Online, 15(1):38-44.
26. Venn A, Watson L, Bruinsma F, et al (1999). Risk of cancer after use of fertility drugs with in-vitro fertilisation. Lancet, 354(9190):1586-90.
27. Kristiansson P, Björ O, Wramsby H (2007). Tumour incidence in Swedish women who gave birth following IVF treatment. Hum Reprod, 22(2):421-6.
28. Petrangelo A, Czuzoj-Shulman N, Tu-landi T, et al (2018). Ovulation In-duction for Infertility the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study [11B]. bstetrics and Gynecology, 131(1):22S.
29. Williams CL, Jones ME, Swerdlow AJ, et al (2018). Risks of ovarian, breast, and corpus uteri cancer in women treated with assisted reproductive technology in Great Britain, 1991-2010: data linkage study including 2.2 million person years of observation. BMJ, 362:k2644.
30. Katz D, Paltiel O, Peretz T, et al (2008). Beginning IVF treatments after age 30 increases the risk of breast cancer: results of a case-control study. Breast J, 14(6):517-22.
31. Pappo I, Lerner-Geva L, Halevy A, et al (2008). The possible association between IVF and breast cancer incidence. Ann Surg Oncol, 15(4):1048-55.
32. Stewart LM, Holman CD, Hart R, et al (2012). In vitro fertilization and breast cancer: is there cause for concern? Fertil Steril, 98(2):334-40.
33. Travis RC, Key TJ (2003). Oestrogen exposure and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res, 5(5): 239–247.
34. Brekelmans CT (2003). Risk factors and risk reduction of breast and ovarian cancer. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 15(1):63-8.
35. Dumitrescu RG, Cotarla I (2005). Understanding breast cancer risk -- where do we stand in 2005? J Cell Mol Med, 9(1): 208–221.
36. Nelson HD, Zakher B, Cantor A, Fu R, et al (2012). Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med, 156(9):635-48.
37. Brinton LA, Moghissi KS, Scoccia B, et al (2005). Ovulation induction and cancer risk. Fertil Steril, 83(2):261-74.
38. Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF (1993). Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev, 15(1):17-35.
39. Sovino H, Sir-Petermann T, Devoto L (2002). Clomiphene citrate and ovulation induction. Reprod Biomed Online, 4(3):303-10.
40. Klip H, Burger CW, Kenemans P, van Leeuwen FE (2000). Cancer risk associated with subfertility and ovulation induction: a review. Cancer Causes Control, 11(4):319-44.
41. Lerner-Geva L, Keinan-Boker L, Blumstein T, et al (2006). Infertility, ovulation induction treatments and the incidence of breast cancer--a historical prospective cohort of Israeli women. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 100(2):201-12.
42. Bernstein L (2002). Epidemiology of endocrine-related risk factors for breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 7(1):3-15.
43. Parkin DM (2004). International variation. Oncogene, 23(38):6329-40.
44. NIH (2018). Cancer Stat Facts: Female Breast Cancer. (ed)^(eds), National Institutes of Health (NIH), https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html
45. Stewart SL, King JB, Thompson TD, et al (2004). Cancer mortality surveillance--United States, 1990-2000. MMWR Surveill Summ, 53(3):1-108.
46. Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Willett WC (2004). Towards an integrated model for breast cancer etiology: the lifelong interplay of genes, lifestyle, and hormones. Breast Cancer Res , 6(5): 213–218.
47. Agrawal B, Reddish MA, Krantz MJ, Longenecker BM (1995). Does pregnancy immunize against breast cancer? Cancer Res, 55(11):2257-61.
48. Pathak DR, Osuch JR, He J (2000). Breast carcinoma etiology: current knowledge and new insights into the effects of reproductive and hormonal risk factors in black and white populations. Cancer, 88:1230-8.
49. Berkey CS, Frazier AL, Gardner JD, Colditz GA (1999). Adolescence and breast carcinoma risk. Cancer, 85(11):2400-9.
50. No authors listed (1997). Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Lancet, 350(9084):1047-59.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 50 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5583 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Breast cancer In vitro fertilization (IVF) Clomiphene citrate Gonadotropins Infertility Personalized medicine | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
FARHUD D, ZOKAEI S, KEYKHAEI M, HEDAYATI M, ZARIF YEGANEH M. In-Vitro Fertilization Impact on the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Review Article. Iran J Public Health. 2021;50(3):438-447.
