Impact of Anthropometric Parameters on Pressure Variables for Determining Comfort and Safety of Automotive Seat: A Systematic Review
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Abstract
Background: A good quality of seating comfort requires integration of capabilities and limitations of the human body and the occupant’s preferred posture in different seating environments and tasks. This study provides a systematic and comprehensive review of past research related to the correlation between anthropometric parameter to seat pressure variables to determine the impact on comfort and safety in seat design.
Methods: This systematic review consisted of PRISMA flow diagram guidelines searched in Web of Science, Scopus, Sciencedirect and Google Scholar from 2009 till January 2020 related to keyword lists.
Results: As a result, 26 articles which addressed the correlation between anthropometric parameters and pressure variables were selected. Body mass index and weight were the most influence anthropometric parameter towards the pressure variables. In addition, almost all studies showed that there were medium to strong correlation between the lower body parts and the pressure variables, with R as above 0.5.
Conclusion: Comfort and safety depend on the design and ergonomics of the seat to maintain the body posture under complex roads, driving conditions and changing environment. In essence, seat and geometry functions help to reduce fatigue level and improve comfort, safety and health among drivers based on user, task and environment of driving activities.
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5. Groenesteijn L, Hiemstra-van Mastrigt S, Gallais C, et al (2014). Activities, postures and comfort perception of train passengers as input for train seat design. Ergonomics, 57 (8): 1154–65.
6. Hiemstra-van Mastrigt S, Groenesteijn L, Vink P, et al (2017). Predicting passenger seat comfort and discomfort on the basis of human, context and seat characteristics: a literature review. Ergonomics, 60 (7): 889–911.
7. Khalid HM (2006). Embracing diversity in user needs for affective design. Appl Ergon, 37 (4): 409–18.
8. Kuijt-Evers LFM, Krause F, Vink P (2003). Aspects to improve cabin comfort of wheel loaders and excavators according to operators. Applied Ergonomics, 34 (3): 265–271.
9. Kyung G, Nussbaum MA, Babski-Reeves K (2008). Driver sitting comfort and discomfort (part I): Use of subjective ratings in discriminating car seats and correspondence among ratings. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 38 (5–6): 516–525.
10. Noor NSM, Ghazalli Z, Mamat R, et al (2016). The enhancement of driver seat comfort for small size car: A preliminary study. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 16 (Specialissue1): 108–114.
11. Sheth S, Tamboli K, Raghupathi P, et al (2011). Study of the Ergonomics of a Car Seat and Its Effect on Seat Reclining Levers. In: Proc of the 1st International Conference on Modern Trends in Industrial Engineering, p. 1–4.
12. Vergara M, Page Á (2002). Relationship between comfort and back posture and mobility in sitting-posture. Appl Ergon, 33 (1): 1–8.
13. Cascioli V, Heusch AI, Mccarthy PW (2011). Does prolonged sitting with limited legroom affect the fl exibility of a healthy subject and their perception of discomfort? International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 41 (5): 471–480.
14. Grujicic M, Pandurangan B, Xie X, et al (2010). Musculoskeletal computational analysis of the influence of car-seat design / adjustments on long-distance driving fatigue. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40 (3): 345–355.
15. Kumar R, Sharma R, Mittal VK (2016). History of Cause - Effect Relationship Between Whole Body Vibrations and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Truck Drivers. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, (Special Issues).
16. Nazerian R, Korhan O, Shakeri E (2018). Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort among heavy truck drivers. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 26(2):233-244.
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21. Mansfield NJ, Mackrill J, Rimell AN, et al (2014). Combined Effects of Long-Term Sitting and Whole-Body Vibration on Discomfort Onset for Vehicle Occupants. ISRN Automot Eng, 852607:1–8.
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23. Reed MP, Manary MA, Flannagan CAC, et al (2000). Effects of Vehicle Interior Geometry and Anthropometric Variables on Automobile Driving Posture. Hum Factors, 42 (4): 541–552.
24. Sagot JC, Gouin V, Gomes S (2003). Ergonomics in product design: Safety factor. Safety Science, 41 (2–3): 137–154.
25. Zemp R, Taylor WR, Lorenzetti S (2016). Seat pan and backrest pressure distribution while sitting in office chairs. Appl Ergon, A: 1–9.
26. Kolich M (2003). Automobile seat comfort: Occupant preferences vs. anthropometric accommodation. Appl Ergon, 34 (2): 177–84.
27. Onawumi AS, Lucas EB (2012). Ergonomic investigation of occupational drivers and seat design of taxicabs in Nigeria. ARPN J Sci Technol, 2 (3): 214–220.
28. Vincent A, Bhise VD, Mallick P (2012). Seat Comfort as a Function of Occupant Characteristics and Pressure Measurements at the Occupant-Seat Interface. SAE Technical Paper, 2012-01-0071.
29. Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (2019). Cochrane handbook for systematic re-views of interventions. John Wiley & Sons.
30. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med, 6 (7): e1000097.
31. Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, et al (2013). GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Up-dated October 2013. The GRADE Working Group.
32. Akgunduz A, Rakheja S, Tarczay A (2014). Distributed occupant-seat interactions as an objective measure of seating comfort. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 65 (4): 293–313.
33. More R., Bindu R (2015). Comfort Analysis of Passenger Car Vehicle Seat. Int J Eng Sci Innov Technol, 4 (4): 95–100.
34. Kilincsoy U, Wagner A, Vink P, et al (2016). Application of ideal pressure distribution in development process of automobile seats. Work, 54 (4): 895–904.
35. Ismail AR, Abdullah SN, Sukadarin EH, et al (2013). Ergonomics Assessment of Seat Design Based on Buttock Pressure and Anthropometrics Data. Adv Eng Forum, 10 (2013): 331–335.
36. Jin X, Cheng B, Wang B, Shen B (2009). Assessment of driver’s seating discomfort using interface pressure distribution. 2009 IEEE Intell Veh Symp, 1419–1424.
37. Daruis DDI, Deros BM, Nor MJM, et al (2012). Relationship between Objective and Subjective Methods in Evaluating Static Discomfort of Car Driver Seat. Adv Mater Res, 4997–5003.
38. Makhsous M, Lin F, Hanawalt D, et al (2012). The effect of chair designs on sitting pressure distribution and tissue perfusion. Hum Factors, 54 (6): 1066–74.
39. Paul G, Daniell N, Fraysse F (2012). Patterns of correlation between vehicle occupant seat pressure and anthropometry. Work, 1:2226-31.
40. Park SJ, Min SN, Subramaniyam M, et al (2014). Analysis of Body Pressure Ratio for Evaluation of Automotive Seating Comfort. SAE Technical Paper, doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0456.
41. Rahayu S, Firdaus M (2015). A Comparison Study between the Road Condition with Pressure Distribution on the Seat and Car Vibration. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 15(1):77-82.
42. Zuska A, Jurecki R, Jaśkiewicz M. (2016). Laboratory Study About Pressure Distribution on Car Seats With People of Different Anthropometric Features Participation. Arch Automot Eng, 74 (4): 115–127.
43. Ren J, Du X, Liu T, et al (2017). An Integrated Method for Evaluation of Seat Comfort Based on Virtual Simulation of the Interface Pressures of Driver with Different Body Sizes. SAE Technical Paper, doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0406.
44. Khamis N, Deros B, Schramm D, et al (2017). Predicting pressure level felt under the seat pan due to changes in driving position. Pressacademia, 5 (45): 325–334.
45. Vink P, Lips D (2017). Sensitivity of the human back and buttocks: The missing link in comfort seat design. Appl Ergon, 58: 287–292.
46. Ab.Rahman MH, Maidin NA, Ahmad MN, et al (2018). The study of seating pressure on car seat between two national cars. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 18:135-141.
47. Khamis NK, Roslan AF, Deros BM, et al (2018). Measuring pressure interface of local car seats under static and dynamic circumstances: A comparative study. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, (2): 89-96.
48. Khamis NK, Deros BM (2018). Development of a statistical model for predicting seat pressure felt level in simulated condition based on direct and anthropometric measurement. J Phys Ther Sci, 30 (6): 764–769.
49. Mitsuya R, Kato K, Kou N , et al (2019). Analysis of body pressure distribution on car seats by using deep learning. Appl Ergon, 75:283-287.
50. Chae S, Kyung G, Nam K (2011). Measuring drivers’ dynamic seating experience using pressure mats. In: International Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability ,368–375.
51. Kyung G, Nussbaum MA (2013). Age-related difference in perceptual responses and interface pressure requirements for driver seat design. Ergonomics, 56 (12): 1795–1805.
52. Cengiz TG, Sari S, Günay İ (2015). Car Seat Comfort by Measuring Interface Pressure and Using Subjective Evaluation System in Road Trials. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 4 (4): 172–184.
53. Fang R, Gao J, Xie S (2015). Analysis of Pressure Distribution Between Human and Seat for Evaluation of Automotive Seating Comfort. Proceedings of SAE-China Congress, 383–395.
54. Jones M, Park J, Ebert-hamilton S, et al (2017). Effects of Seat and Sitter Dimensions on Pressure Distribution in Automotive Seats. SAE Technical Paper, doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1390.
55. Heckler B, Wohlpart M, Bengler K (2019). Anthropometric Factors in Seat Comfort Evaluation: Identification and Quantification of Body Dimension Affecting Seating Comfort. Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. Springer International Publishing.
56. Lau MH, Armstrong TJ (2011). The effect of viewing angle on wrist posture estima-tion from photographic images using novice raters. Applied Ergonomics, 42 (5): 634–643.
57. Yu A, Yick KL, Ng SP, Yip J (2013). 2D and 3D anatomical analyses of hand dimensions for custom-made gloves. Appl Ergon, 44 (3): 381–92.
58. Standard, M. MS ISO 7250: 2003 Basic human body measurements for technological design (ISO 7250: 1996, IDT). Department of Stand-ards Malaysia.
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62. M.Yusuff R, Hussain M, S.A.R SN (2009). Anthropometry Dimensions of Older Malaysians: Comparison of Age, Gender and Ethnicity. Asian Social Science, 5 (6): 133–140.
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2. Ciloglu H, Alziadeh M, Mohany A, et al (2015). Assessment of the whole body vibration exposure and the dynamic seat comfort in passenger aircraft. Assessment of the whole body vibration exposure and the dynamic seat comfort in passenger aircraft., 45: 116–123.
3. de Looze MP, Kuijt-Evers LFM, van Dieën J (2003 Aug). Sitting comfort and discomfort and the relationships with objective measures. Ergonomics, 46 (10): 985–97.
4. Dumur E, Barnard Y, Guy B (2004). Designing for comfort. Hum Factors Des, 111–127.
5. Groenesteijn L, Hiemstra-van Mastrigt S, Gallais C, et al (2014). Activities, postures and comfort perception of train passengers as input for train seat design. Ergonomics, 57 (8): 1154–65.
6. Hiemstra-van Mastrigt S, Groenesteijn L, Vink P, et al (2017). Predicting passenger seat comfort and discomfort on the basis of human, context and seat characteristics: a literature review. Ergonomics, 60 (7): 889–911.
7. Khalid HM (2006). Embracing diversity in user needs for affective design. Appl Ergon, 37 (4): 409–18.
8. Kuijt-Evers LFM, Krause F, Vink P (2003). Aspects to improve cabin comfort of wheel loaders and excavators according to operators. Applied Ergonomics, 34 (3): 265–271.
9. Kyung G, Nussbaum MA, Babski-Reeves K (2008). Driver sitting comfort and discomfort (part I): Use of subjective ratings in discriminating car seats and correspondence among ratings. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 38 (5–6): 516–525.
10. Noor NSM, Ghazalli Z, Mamat R, et al (2016). The enhancement of driver seat comfort for small size car: A preliminary study. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 16 (Specialissue1): 108–114.
11. Sheth S, Tamboli K, Raghupathi P, et al (2011). Study of the Ergonomics of a Car Seat and Its Effect on Seat Reclining Levers. In: Proc of the 1st International Conference on Modern Trends in Industrial Engineering, p. 1–4.
12. Vergara M, Page Á (2002). Relationship between comfort and back posture and mobility in sitting-posture. Appl Ergon, 33 (1): 1–8.
13. Cascioli V, Heusch AI, Mccarthy PW (2011). Does prolonged sitting with limited legroom affect the fl exibility of a healthy subject and their perception of discomfort? International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 41 (5): 471–480.
14. Grujicic M, Pandurangan B, Xie X, et al (2010). Musculoskeletal computational analysis of the influence of car-seat design / adjustments on long-distance driving fatigue. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40 (3): 345–355.
15. Kumar R, Sharma R, Mittal VK (2016). History of Cause - Effect Relationship Between Whole Body Vibrations and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Truck Drivers. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, (Special Issues).
16. Nazerian R, Korhan O, Shakeri E (2018). Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort among heavy truck drivers. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 26(2):233-244.
17. Guo M, Li S, Wang L, et al (2016). Research on the relationship between reaction ability and mental state for online assessment of driving fatigue. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 13 (12): 1174.
18. Nævestad T-O, Laiou A, Phillips RO, Bjørnskau T, et al (2019). Safety Culture among Private and Professional Drivers in Norway and Greece: Examining the Influence of National Road Safety Culture. Safety, 5 (2): 20.
19. Khamis NK, Deros MB, Nuawi MZ (2018). Pattern of Muscle Contraction in Car Pedal Control Pattern of Muscle Contraction in Car Pedal Control. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 30 (1): 23–29.
20. Mansfield, N. J (2004). Human response to vi-bration. CRC press.
21. Mansfield NJ, Mackrill J, Rimell AN, et al (2014). Combined Effects of Long-Term Sitting and Whole-Body Vibration on Discomfort Onset for Vehicle Occupants. ISRN Automot Eng, 852607:1–8.
22. Mohamad D, Deros BM, Abdul Wahab D, et al (2010). Integration of Comfort into a Driver’s Car Seat Design Using Image Analysis. Am J Appl Sci, 7 (7): 937–942.
23. Reed MP, Manary MA, Flannagan CAC, et al (2000). Effects of Vehicle Interior Geometry and Anthropometric Variables on Automobile Driving Posture. Hum Factors, 42 (4): 541–552.
24. Sagot JC, Gouin V, Gomes S (2003). Ergonomics in product design: Safety factor. Safety Science, 41 (2–3): 137–154.
25. Zemp R, Taylor WR, Lorenzetti S (2016). Seat pan and backrest pressure distribution while sitting in office chairs. Appl Ergon, A: 1–9.
26. Kolich M (2003). Automobile seat comfort: Occupant preferences vs. anthropometric accommodation. Appl Ergon, 34 (2): 177–84.
27. Onawumi AS, Lucas EB (2012). Ergonomic investigation of occupational drivers and seat design of taxicabs in Nigeria. ARPN J Sci Technol, 2 (3): 214–220.
28. Vincent A, Bhise VD, Mallick P (2012). Seat Comfort as a Function of Occupant Characteristics and Pressure Measurements at the Occupant-Seat Interface. SAE Technical Paper, 2012-01-0071.
29. Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al (2019). Cochrane handbook for systematic re-views of interventions. John Wiley & Sons.
30. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med, 6 (7): e1000097.
31. Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, et al (2013). GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Up-dated October 2013. The GRADE Working Group.
32. Akgunduz A, Rakheja S, Tarczay A (2014). Distributed occupant-seat interactions as an objective measure of seating comfort. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 65 (4): 293–313.
33. More R., Bindu R (2015). Comfort Analysis of Passenger Car Vehicle Seat. Int J Eng Sci Innov Technol, 4 (4): 95–100.
34. Kilincsoy U, Wagner A, Vink P, et al (2016). Application of ideal pressure distribution in development process of automobile seats. Work, 54 (4): 895–904.
35. Ismail AR, Abdullah SN, Sukadarin EH, et al (2013). Ergonomics Assessment of Seat Design Based on Buttock Pressure and Anthropometrics Data. Adv Eng Forum, 10 (2013): 331–335.
36. Jin X, Cheng B, Wang B, Shen B (2009). Assessment of driver’s seating discomfort using interface pressure distribution. 2009 IEEE Intell Veh Symp, 1419–1424.
37. Daruis DDI, Deros BM, Nor MJM, et al (2012). Relationship between Objective and Subjective Methods in Evaluating Static Discomfort of Car Driver Seat. Adv Mater Res, 4997–5003.
38. Makhsous M, Lin F, Hanawalt D, et al (2012). The effect of chair designs on sitting pressure distribution and tissue perfusion. Hum Factors, 54 (6): 1066–74.
39. Paul G, Daniell N, Fraysse F (2012). Patterns of correlation between vehicle occupant seat pressure and anthropometry. Work, 1:2226-31.
40. Park SJ, Min SN, Subramaniyam M, et al (2014). Analysis of Body Pressure Ratio for Evaluation of Automotive Seating Comfort. SAE Technical Paper, doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0456.
41. Rahayu S, Firdaus M (2015). A Comparison Study between the Road Condition with Pressure Distribution on the Seat and Car Vibration. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 15(1):77-82.
42. Zuska A, Jurecki R, Jaśkiewicz M. (2016). Laboratory Study About Pressure Distribution on Car Seats With People of Different Anthropometric Features Participation. Arch Automot Eng, 74 (4): 115–127.
43. Ren J, Du X, Liu T, et al (2017). An Integrated Method for Evaluation of Seat Comfort Based on Virtual Simulation of the Interface Pressures of Driver with Different Body Sizes. SAE Technical Paper, doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0406.
44. Khamis N, Deros B, Schramm D, et al (2017). Predicting pressure level felt under the seat pan due to changes in driving position. Pressacademia, 5 (45): 325–334.
45. Vink P, Lips D (2017). Sensitivity of the human back and buttocks: The missing link in comfort seat design. Appl Ergon, 58: 287–292.
46. Ab.Rahman MH, Maidin NA, Ahmad MN, et al (2018). The study of seating pressure on car seat between two national cars. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 18:135-141.
47. Khamis NK, Roslan AF, Deros BM, et al (2018). Measuring pressure interface of local car seats under static and dynamic circumstances: A comparative study. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, (2): 89-96.
48. Khamis NK, Deros BM (2018). Development of a statistical model for predicting seat pressure felt level in simulated condition based on direct and anthropometric measurement. J Phys Ther Sci, 30 (6): 764–769.
49. Mitsuya R, Kato K, Kou N , et al (2019). Analysis of body pressure distribution on car seats by using deep learning. Appl Ergon, 75:283-287.
50. Chae S, Kyung G, Nam K (2011). Measuring drivers’ dynamic seating experience using pressure mats. In: International Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability ,368–375.
51. Kyung G, Nussbaum MA (2013). Age-related difference in perceptual responses and interface pressure requirements for driver seat design. Ergonomics, 56 (12): 1795–1805.
52. Cengiz TG, Sari S, Günay İ (2015). Car Seat Comfort by Measuring Interface Pressure and Using Subjective Evaluation System in Road Trials. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 4 (4): 172–184.
53. Fang R, Gao J, Xie S (2015). Analysis of Pressure Distribution Between Human and Seat for Evaluation of Automotive Seating Comfort. Proceedings of SAE-China Congress, 383–395.
54. Jones M, Park J, Ebert-hamilton S, et al (2017). Effects of Seat and Sitter Dimensions on Pressure Distribution in Automotive Seats. SAE Technical Paper, doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1390.
55. Heckler B, Wohlpart M, Bengler K (2019). Anthropometric Factors in Seat Comfort Evaluation: Identification and Quantification of Body Dimension Affecting Seating Comfort. Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. Springer International Publishing.
56. Lau MH, Armstrong TJ (2011). The effect of viewing angle on wrist posture estima-tion from photographic images using novice raters. Applied Ergonomics, 42 (5): 634–643.
57. Yu A, Yick KL, Ng SP, Yip J (2013). 2D and 3D anatomical analyses of hand dimensions for custom-made gloves. Appl Ergon, 44 (3): 381–92.
58. Standard, M. MS ISO 7250: 2003 Basic human body measurements for technological design (ISO 7250: 1996, IDT). Department of Stand-ards Malaysia.
59. Deros BM, Hassan NHH, Daruis DDI, et al (2015). Incorporating Malaysian’s Population Anthropometry Data in the Design of an Ergonomic Driver’s Seat. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195 (2015): 2753–2760.
60. Abd Rahman NI, Md Dawal SZ, Yusoff N, et al (2017). Anthropometric measurements among four Asian countries in designing sitting and standing workstations. Indian Academy of Sciences, 43:10.
61. Lin YC, Wang MJJ, Wang EM (2004). The comparisons of anthropometric characteristics among four peoples in East Asia. Appl Ergon, 35 (2): 173–8.
62. M.Yusuff R, Hussain M, S.A.R SN (2009). Anthropometry Dimensions of Older Malaysians: Comparison of Age, Gender and Ethnicity. Asian Social Science, 5 (6): 133–140.
63. Oyewole SA, Haight JM, Freivalds A (2010). The ergonomic design of classroom furniture / computer work station for fi rst graders in the elementary school. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40 (4): 437–447.
64. Deros BM, Daruis DD, Mohd Nor MJ (2009). Evaluation of Car Seat Using Reliable and Valid Vehicle Seat Discomfort Survey. Ind Eng Manag Syst, 8(2): 121–130.
65. Andreoni G, Santambrogio GC, Rabuffetti M, et al (2002). Method for the analysis of posture and interface pressure of car drivers. Applied Ergonomics, 33 (6): 511–522.
66. Kolich M (2004). Selected car seat studies dealing with static pressure distribution. SAE Technical Papers, DOI:10.4271/2004-01-0377.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51 No 2 (2022) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i2.8678 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Anthropometric Pressure variables Car Condition | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Sabri N, Khamis N, Mat Tahir M, Besar J, Abd Wahab D. Impact of Anthropometric Parameters on Pressure Variables for Determining Comfort and Safety of Automotive Seat: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(2):240-252.
