Socioeconomic Determinants of Suicide in Iran: Panel Data Study
Abstract
Background: A set of experiences that leads to the destruction of individual’s self-esteem are the main causes of suicide. Socioeconomic factors can be reasons for this event. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of socioeconomic variables on suicide.
Methods: A panel data model was used to investigate the impact of socioeconomic indexes on the number of suicides in each province of Iran from 2001-2016. The data of socioeconomic variables were obtained from the statistical center of Iran, and data for the number of suicides in each province were obtained from the forensic science department. The analysis was conducted using estimated generalized least squares method by EViews version 8.
Results: The lowest and highest number of suicides was in 2001 (4.97 per 100,000 populations) and 2004 (5.97 per 100,000 populations), respectively and the average rate of suicide from 2001 to 2013 was 1.01 also unemployment, divorce, and industrialization rates have high impact on suicides for both sexes in P<0.05.
Conclusion: Living skills training should be provided to the members of the societies as a short-term plan and in the long-term, improving the economic condition of people should be conduct to reduce the number of suicides.
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13. Pena JB, Matthieu MM, Zayas LH, et al (2012). Co-occurring risk behaviors among White, Black, and Hispanic US high school adolescents with suicide attempts requiring medical attention, 1999–2007: Implications for future prevention initiatives. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 47(1):29-42.
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16. Lane PR (2012). The European sovereign debt crisis. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26:49-67.
17. Mirlotfi P, Dahmardeh N, Omrani M, et al (2015). Impact of Social Capital on Economic Growth in East Iran Parvizreza Mirlotfi. Applied Psychology, 3:35-43.
18. Roudi F (2011). Youth Population and Employment in the Middle East and North Africa: Opportunity or Challenge? Population Reference Bureau.
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22. Abdollahi Z, Lotfi E, Honardoost A (2013). Socio-economic factors affecting urban women suicide 2007-2009. Journal of Women in Development Policy, 11:377-92 .
23. Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB (2003). Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register–based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981–1997. Am J Psychiatry, 160(4):765-72.
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29. shaker s, Rasool E, Mohammadtaghi A, et al (2006). Evaluation of suicide rates in Azarbayejan gharbi. Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 17:93-100.
30. satar K (1997). Prevalence of successful and unsuccessful suicides in ilam. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 8:7-12 .
31. LaRosa E, Consoli SM, Hubert-Vadenay T, et al (2005). Facteurs associés au risque suicidaire chez les jeunes consultants d’un centre de prévention sanitaire et sociale. L'Encéphale, 31:289-299.
32. Andrés AR, Halicioglu F, Yamamura E (2011). Socio-economic determinants of suicide in Japan. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40:723-731.
33. Khalkhali S, Rahbar M, FardeMasood R, et al (2001). Survey of life events perior to suicide attempt. J Guilan Uni Med Sci, 10(39 And 40): 96-106.
34. Khazaei H, ParviziFard A (2003). assessment of demographic characteristics and mental status in suicide attempters. Journal of Kermanshah Univarsity of Madical Sciences, 7:42-51.
35. Okada K, Samreth S (2013). A study on the socio-economic determinants of suicide: Evidence from 13 European OECD countries. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 45:78-85.
36. Madianos MG, Alexiou T, Patelakis A, et al (2014). Suicide, unemployment and other socioeconomic factors: evidence from the economic crisis in Greece. Eur J Psychia, 28:39-49.
2. Arya V, Page A, River J, et al (2018). Trends and socio-economic determinants of suicide in India: 2001–2013. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 53(3):269-278.
3. Oner S, Yenilmez C, Ayranci U, et al (2007). Sexual differences in the completed suicides in Turkey. Eur Psychiatry, 22(4):223-8.
4. WHO (2014). Mental health home. Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/178879/9789241565011_eng.pdf
5. Beautrais AL, Mishara BL (2008). World Suicide Prevention Day:" think globally, plan nationally, act locally.". Crisis, The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 29(2):59-63.
6. İlgün G, Yetim B, Demirci Ş, et al (2019). Individual and socio-demographic determinants of suicide: An examination on WHO countries. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(1):002076401988895.
7. Alfonso-Sánchez JL, Martin-Moreno JM, Martinez IM, et al (2020). Epidemiological Study and Cost Analysis of Suicide in Spain: Over 100 Years of Evolution. Arch Suicide Res, 24(sup2):S356-S369.
8. Fuller-Thomson E, Hodgins GA (2020). Suicide Attempts among Those with Migraine: Findings from a Nationally Representative Canadian Study. Arch Suicide Res, 24(sup1):360-379.
9. Larney S, Topp L, Indig D, et al (2012). A cross-sectional survey of prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among prisoners in New South Wales, Australia. BMC Public Health, 12:1.
10. Li Y, Li Y, Cao J (2012). Factors associated with suicidal behaviors in mainland China: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 12:524.
11. Ferretti F, Coluccia A (2009). Socio-economic factors and suicide rates in European Union countries. Legal Medicine, 11:S92-S94.
12. Bao D, Fan Y, Ye D (2009). Association between suicide ideation and life event and social support in College students. Chinese Journal of School Health, 10:939-941.
13. Pena JB, Matthieu MM, Zayas LH, et al (2012). Co-occurring risk behaviors among White, Black, and Hispanic US high school adolescents with suicide attempts requiring medical attention, 1999–2007: Implications for future prevention initiatives. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 47(1):29-42.
14. Sotoodeh H (2014). Social Pathology. ed. Avaye Noor, Tehran.
15. Rodríguez A, Collings S, Qin P (2008) Socio-economic differences in suicide risk vary by sex: A population-based case-control study of 18-65 year olds in Denmark. Institute for Advanced Development Studies,
16. Lane PR (2012). The European sovereign debt crisis. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26:49-67.
17. Mirlotfi P, Dahmardeh N, Omrani M, et al (2015). Impact of Social Capital on Economic Growth in East Iran Parvizreza Mirlotfi. Applied Psychology, 3:35-43.
18. Roudi F (2011). Youth Population and Employment in the Middle East and North Africa: Opportunity or Challenge? Population Reference Bureau.
19. Gujarati D (2003). Basic Econometrics ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
20. Souri A (2015). Econometrics. ed. Farhang Shenasi, Tehran.
21. Makian N, Lotfi E (2013). Economic causes of suicide. Journal of Economic Policy, 13:24.
22. Abdollahi Z, Lotfi E, Honardoost A (2013). Socio-economic factors affecting urban women suicide 2007-2009. Journal of Women in Development Policy, 11:377-92 .
23. Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB (2003). Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register–based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981–1997. Am J Psychiatry, 160(4):765-72.
24. Phillips MR, Li X, Zhang Y (2002). Suicide rates in China, 1995–99. Lancet, 359(9309):835-40.
25. Ceccherini-Nelli A, Priebe S (2011). Economic factors and suicide rates: associations over time in four countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 46(10):975-82.
26. Tsuboi S, Kotani K, Aoyama Y, et al (2015). A Disease Map of Male Suicide in Japan and its Association with Socioeconomic Factors. Int J Epidemiol, 44:i174-i174.
27. Tsuboi S (2014). A disease map of male suicide in Japan and its association with socioeconomic factors. The 20th IEA World Congress of Epidemiology (17-21 August 2014, Anchorage, AK), WCE,
28. Bonger WA (1916). Criminality and economic conditions. ed. Boston: Little, Brown.
29. shaker s, Rasool E, Mohammadtaghi A, et al (2006). Evaluation of suicide rates in Azarbayejan gharbi. Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 17:93-100.
30. satar K (1997). Prevalence of successful and unsuccessful suicides in ilam. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 8:7-12 .
31. LaRosa E, Consoli SM, Hubert-Vadenay T, et al (2005). Facteurs associés au risque suicidaire chez les jeunes consultants d’un centre de prévention sanitaire et sociale. L'Encéphale, 31:289-299.
32. Andrés AR, Halicioglu F, Yamamura E (2011). Socio-economic determinants of suicide in Japan. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40:723-731.
33. Khalkhali S, Rahbar M, FardeMasood R, et al (2001). Survey of life events perior to suicide attempt. J Guilan Uni Med Sci, 10(39 And 40): 96-106.
34. Khazaei H, ParviziFard A (2003). assessment of demographic characteristics and mental status in suicide attempters. Journal of Kermanshah Univarsity of Madical Sciences, 7:42-51.
35. Okada K, Samreth S (2013). A study on the socio-economic determinants of suicide: Evidence from 13 European OECD countries. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 45:78-85.
36. Madianos MG, Alexiou T, Patelakis A, et al (2014). Suicide, unemployment and other socioeconomic factors: evidence from the economic crisis in Greece. Eur J Psychia, 28:39-49.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 50 No 11 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i11.7587 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Divorce Iran Mental health Socioeconomic factors Suicide Panel data regression | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Emamgholipour S, Arab M, Shirani R. Socioeconomic Determinants of Suicide in Iran: Panel Data Study. Iran J Public Health. 2021;50(11):2309-2316.
