Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
-
Nastaran AHMADI
,
Seyed Mahmood SADR
,
Mohammad Reza MOHAMMADI
,
Masoud MIRZAEI
,
Amir Hooshang MEHRPARVAR
,
Seyed Mojtaba YASSINI ARDEKANI
,
Mohammadtaghi SAREBANHASSANABADI
,
Neda NILFOROSHAN
,
Seyed-Ali MOSTAFAVI
Abstract
Background: Although the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome has been widely studied in the adult population, little is known about it in children and adolescents especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in Yazd Greater Area, Iran; over the period of 2016-2017.
Methods: This study was part of a larger national study with a cross-sectional design. Using multistage cluster random sampling method, 1035 children, and adolescents of both sexes aged 6-18 yr were randomly selected from rural and urban districts in Yazd Greater Area, Iran. Components of metabolic syndrome, and anthropometry measured in the standard situation.
Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity in children 6-10 yr old was 13.2% in boys versus 24.7% in girls. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria in adolescents aged 10-18 yr old was 7.6% (9.4% in boys). The most prevalent metabolic syndrome components were low HDL-cholesterol (56.2%) and abdominal obesity (27.8%).
Conclusion: Comparatively, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Yazd is high. Low HDL-cholesterol levels and abdominal obesity were the most common component, and family history of heart disease, BMI, and male gender were the main determinants of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
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20. Ahmadi A, Gharipour M, Nouri F et al (2013). Metabolic syndrome in Iranian youths: a population-based study on junior and high schools students in rural and urban areas. J Diabetes Res, 2013:738485.
21. Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A, Mostafavi SA et al (2019). Gender Determines the Pattern of Correlation between Body Mass Index and Major Depressive Disorder among Children and Adolescents: Results from Iranian Children and Adolescents' Psychiatric Disorders Study. Child Obes, 15(5):331-7.
22. Zaki ME, Mohamed SK, Bahgat KA et al (2012). Metabolic syndrome components in obese Egyptian children. Ann Saudi Med, 32(6):603-10.
23. Costa RF, Santos NS, Goldraich NP et al (2012). Metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents: a comparison of three different diagnostic criteria. J Pediatr (Rio J), 88(4):303-9.
24. Ahmadi SM, Keshavarzi S, Mostafavi SA et al (2015). Depression and Obesity/Overweight Association in Elderly Women: a Community-Based Case-Control Study. Acta Med Iran, 53(11):686-9.
25. Mohammadi MR, Mostafavi SA, Hooshyari Z et al (2019). Prevalence, correlates and comorbidities of feeding and eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Int J Eat Disord.
26. Molavi P, Mikaeili N, Ghaseminejad MA et al (2018). Social Anxiety and Benign and Toxic Online Self-Disclosures: An Investigation Into the Role of Rejection Sensitivity, Self-Regulation, and Internet Addiction in College Students. J Nerv Ment Dis, 206(8):598-605.
27. Sadeghieh Ahari S, Nikpou H, Molavi P et al (2014). An investigation of duration of untreated psychosis and the affecting factors. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 21(1):87-92.
28. Mostafavi SA, Hosseini S (2014). Weight management, energy metabolism, and endocrine hormone. Iran J Public Health, 43(1):105-11.
2. He F, Rodriguez-Colon S, Fernandez-Mendoza J et al (2015). Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome burden in adolescents--Penn State Children Cohort study. J Clin Densitom, 18(1):30-6.
3. Sir George Alberti, Paul Zimmet, Francine Kaufman et al (2007). The IDF consensus definition of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. International Diabetes Federation. Available from: https://www.idf.org
4. MacPherson M, de Groh M, Loukine L et al (2016). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents: Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) and Cycle 2 (2009-2011). Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can, 36(2):32-40.
5. de Ferranti SD, Gauvreau K, Ludwig DS et al (2004). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation, 110(16):2494-7.
6. Kelishadi R, Hovsepian S, Djalalinia S et al (2016). A systematic review on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian children and adolescents. J Res Med Sci 21:90.
7. Hadaegh F, Zabetian A, Tohidi M et al (2009). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome by the Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization definitions and their association with coronary heart disease in an elderly Iranian population. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 38(2):142-9.
8. Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N, Kamali K et al (2017). Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Iranian Children and Adolescents (IRCAP) and Its Relationship with Social Capital, Life Style and Parents' Personality Disorders: Study Protocol. Iran J Psychiatry, 12(1):66-72.
9. Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N, Khaleghi A et al (2019). Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents. Iran J Psychiatry, 14(1):1-15.
10. Kelishadi R, Gouya MM, Ardalan G et al (2007). First reference curves of waist and hip circumferences in an Asian population of youths: CASPIAN study. J Trop Pediatr, 53(3):158-64.
11. Hosseini M, Carpenter RG, Mohammad K et al (1999). Standardized percentile curves of body mass index of Iranian children compared to the US population reference. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23(8):783-6.
12. Mohammadi MR, Mostafavi SA, Hooshyari Z et al (2020). National Growth Charts for BMI among Iranian Children and Adolescents in Comparison with the WHO and CDC Curves. Child Obes, 16(1):34-43.
13. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS et al (2002). 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11, (246):1-190.
14. Miller JM, Kaylor MB, Johannsson M et al (2014). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and individual criterion in US adolescents: 2001-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 12(10):527-32.
15. Agudelo GM, Bedoya G, Estrada A et al (2014). Variations in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents according to different criteria used for diagnosis: which definition should be chosen for this age group? Metab Syndr Relat Disord ,12(4):202-9.
16. Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P, Azadbakht L et al (2006). High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Iranian adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring), 14(3):377-82.
17. Kelishadi R, Ardalan G, Gheiratmand R et al (2006). Paediatric metabolic syndrome and associated anthropometric indices: the CASPIAN Study. Acta Paediatr, 95(12):1625-34.
18. Rashidi H, Payami SP, Latifi SM et al (2014). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its correlated factors among children and adolescents of Ahvaz aged 10 - 19. J Diabetes Metab Disord, 13:53.
19. Nizal Sarrafzadegan MG, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Fatemeh Nouri et al (2013). Differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in boys and girls based on various definitions. ARYA Atheroscler, 9(1):70-6.
20. Ahmadi A, Gharipour M, Nouri F et al (2013). Metabolic syndrome in Iranian youths: a population-based study on junior and high schools students in rural and urban areas. J Diabetes Res, 2013:738485.
21. Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A, Mostafavi SA et al (2019). Gender Determines the Pattern of Correlation between Body Mass Index and Major Depressive Disorder among Children and Adolescents: Results from Iranian Children and Adolescents' Psychiatric Disorders Study. Child Obes, 15(5):331-7.
22. Zaki ME, Mohamed SK, Bahgat KA et al (2012). Metabolic syndrome components in obese Egyptian children. Ann Saudi Med, 32(6):603-10.
23. Costa RF, Santos NS, Goldraich NP et al (2012). Metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents: a comparison of three different diagnostic criteria. J Pediatr (Rio J), 88(4):303-9.
24. Ahmadi SM, Keshavarzi S, Mostafavi SA et al (2015). Depression and Obesity/Overweight Association in Elderly Women: a Community-Based Case-Control Study. Acta Med Iran, 53(11):686-9.
25. Mohammadi MR, Mostafavi SA, Hooshyari Z et al (2019). Prevalence, correlates and comorbidities of feeding and eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Int J Eat Disord.
26. Molavi P, Mikaeili N, Ghaseminejad MA et al (2018). Social Anxiety and Benign and Toxic Online Self-Disclosures: An Investigation Into the Role of Rejection Sensitivity, Self-Regulation, and Internet Addiction in College Students. J Nerv Ment Dis, 206(8):598-605.
27. Sadeghieh Ahari S, Nikpou H, Molavi P et al (2014). An investigation of duration of untreated psychosis and the affecting factors. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 21(1):87-92.
28. Mostafavi SA, Hosseini S (2014). Weight management, energy metabolism, and endocrine hormone. Iran J Public Health, 43(1):105-11.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 49 No 2 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v49i2.3106 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Abdominal obesity; Children and adolescents; Metabolic syndrome; Prevalence | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
AHMADI N, SADR SM, MOHAMMADI MR, MIRZAEI M, MEHRPARVAR AH, YASSINI ARDEKANI SM, SAREBANHASSANABADI M, NILFOROSHAN N, MOSTAFAVI S-A. Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(2):360-368.
