Changes in Eating-Out Frequency according to Sociodemographic Characteristics and Nutrient Intakes among Korean Adults
Abstract
Background: The quality of out-of-home foods is an increasingly important issue due to increasing popularity of eating out. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of eating-out frequency with general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes among Korean adults.
Methods: This study collected data from 2010- 2015 KNHANES. The total number of participants was 33,427 Korean adults aged 19 years and older. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software version 9.3.
Results: Eating-out more frequently was associated with younger, unmarried, employed, urban resident, higher income, higher education, and being male. Regarding dietary behavior, subjects with skipping breakfast and taking snack behavior showed a tendency to eat out more frequently. Meanwhile, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sodium intake were higher in subjects with ≥ 5/week eating-out frequency than those in subjects with < 5/week eating-out frequency.
Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the effect of targeted public health education and policies.
1. Kant AK, Whitley MI, Graubard BI (2015). Away from home meals: Associations with biomarkers of chronic disease and dietary intake in American adults, NHANES 2005–2010. Int J Obes (Lond), 39: 820–827.
2. Adams J, Goffe L, Brown T et al (2015). Frequency and socio-demographic corre-lates of eating meals out and take-away meals at home: cross-sectional analysis of the UK national diet and nutrition survey, waves 1–4 (2008–12). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 12:51-60.
3. Kwon YS, Ju SY (2014). Trends in nutrient intakes and consumption while eating-out among Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examina-tion Survey (1998-2012) data. Nutr Res Pract, 8:670-678.
4. Lachat C, Nago E, Verstraeten R et al (2012). Eating out of home and its asso-ciation with dietary intake: a systematic review of the evidence. Obes Rev, 13: 329–346
5. Van’T RH, den Hartog AP, van Staveren WA (2002). Non-home prepared foods: Contribution to energy and nutrient in-take of consumers living in two low-income areas in Nairobi. Public Health Nutr, 5: 515–522.
6. Lachat C, Khanh le NB, Khan NC et al (2009). Eating out of home in Vietnam-ese adolescents: Socioeconomic factors and dietary associations. Am J Clin Nutr, 90: 1648–1655.
7. Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D, Laska MN, Story M (2011). Young adults and eating away from home: associations with die-tary intake patterns and weight status dif-fer by choice of restaurant. J Am Diet As-soc, 111:1696–1703.
8. Oh K, Lee J, Lee B et al (2007). Plan and operation of the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Korean J Epidemiol, 29: 139-145.
9. Song DY, Park JE, Shim JE, Lee JE (2013). Trends in the major dish groups and food groups contributing to sodium in-take in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998-2010. Korean J Nutr, 46: 72-85.
10. Lee S, Lee KW, Oh JE, Cho MS (2015). Nutritional and health consequences are associated with food insecurity among Korean elderly: based on the fifth (2010) Korea National Health and Nutrition Ex-amination Survey (KNHANES V-1). J Nutr Health, 48:519-529.
11. Shim JS, Oh K, Nam CM (2010). Associa-tion of household food security with die-tary intake: based on the third (2005) Ko-rea National Health and Nutrition Exam-ination Survey (KNHANES III). Korean J Nutr, 41: 174-183.
12. Kant AK, Graubard BI (2004). Eating out in America, 1987-2000: trends and nutri-tional correlates. Prev Med, 38:243-249.
13. Ma Y, Bertone-Johnson ER, Stanek Iii EJ et al (2005). Eating patterns in a free-living healthy U. S. adult population. Ecol Food Nutr, 44:37-56.
14. Orfanos P, Naska A, Trichopoulos D et al (2007). Eating out of home and its corre-lates in 10 European countries. The Eu-ropean Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Public Health Nutr, 10: 1515-25.
15. Lund TB, Kjærnes U, Holm L (2017). Eat-ing out in four Nordic countries: Nation-al patterns and social stratification. Appe-tite, 119 : 23-33.
16. Mills S, Adams J, Wrieden W, White M, Brown H (2018). Sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of consum-ing home-cooked meals and meals from out-of-home sources: cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study. Public Health Nutr, 21: 2255-2266.
17. Kinsey JD (1994). Food and families socio-economic-status. J Nutr, 124: 1878S-1885S.
18. Kim D, Leigh JP (2011). Are meals at full-service and fastfood restaurants ‘normal’ or ‘inferior’? Popul Health Manag, 14: 307–315.
19. Dave JM, An LC, Jeffery RW et al (2009). Relationship of attitudes toward fast food and frequency of fast-food intake in adults. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17: 1164–1170.
20. Satia JA, Galanko JA, Siega-Riz AM (2004). Eating at fast-food restaurants is associ-ated with dietary intake, demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors among African Americans in North Car-olina. Public Health Nutr, 7: 1089–1096.
21. Smith C, Gray AR, Fleming EA, Parnell WR (2013). Characteristics of fast-food/takeaway-food and restau-rant/cafe´-food consumers among New Zealand adults. Public Health Nutr, 17: 2368–2377.
22. Koo S, Park K (2013). Dietary behaviors and lifestyle characteristics related to fre-quent eating out among Korean adults. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 42: 705-712.
23. Lee KS, Kim EJ, Jung HS (2014). A study on the selection attribute of bakery stores using correspondence analysis. Korean J Food Cook Sci, 30:412-418.
24. Kant AK, Graubard BI (2015). Within-person comparison of eating behaviors, time of eating, and dietary intake on days with and without breakfast:NHANES 2005-2010. Am J Clin Nutr, 102(3):661-70.
25. Todd JE (2017). Changes in consumption of food away from home and intakes of energy and other nutrients among US working-age adults, 2005–2014. Public Health Nutr, 20: 3238–3246.
26. O’Dwyer NA, Gibney MJ, Burke SJ, McCar-thy SN (2005). The influence of eating lo-cation on nutrient intakes in Irish adults: Implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutr, 8: 258–265.
2. Adams J, Goffe L, Brown T et al (2015). Frequency and socio-demographic corre-lates of eating meals out and take-away meals at home: cross-sectional analysis of the UK national diet and nutrition survey, waves 1–4 (2008–12). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 12:51-60.
3. Kwon YS, Ju SY (2014). Trends in nutrient intakes and consumption while eating-out among Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examina-tion Survey (1998-2012) data. Nutr Res Pract, 8:670-678.
4. Lachat C, Nago E, Verstraeten R et al (2012). Eating out of home and its asso-ciation with dietary intake: a systematic review of the evidence. Obes Rev, 13: 329–346
5. Van’T RH, den Hartog AP, van Staveren WA (2002). Non-home prepared foods: Contribution to energy and nutrient in-take of consumers living in two low-income areas in Nairobi. Public Health Nutr, 5: 515–522.
6. Lachat C, Khanh le NB, Khan NC et al (2009). Eating out of home in Vietnam-ese adolescents: Socioeconomic factors and dietary associations. Am J Clin Nutr, 90: 1648–1655.
7. Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D, Laska MN, Story M (2011). Young adults and eating away from home: associations with die-tary intake patterns and weight status dif-fer by choice of restaurant. J Am Diet As-soc, 111:1696–1703.
8. Oh K, Lee J, Lee B et al (2007). Plan and operation of the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Korean J Epidemiol, 29: 139-145.
9. Song DY, Park JE, Shim JE, Lee JE (2013). Trends in the major dish groups and food groups contributing to sodium in-take in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998-2010. Korean J Nutr, 46: 72-85.
10. Lee S, Lee KW, Oh JE, Cho MS (2015). Nutritional and health consequences are associated with food insecurity among Korean elderly: based on the fifth (2010) Korea National Health and Nutrition Ex-amination Survey (KNHANES V-1). J Nutr Health, 48:519-529.
11. Shim JS, Oh K, Nam CM (2010). Associa-tion of household food security with die-tary intake: based on the third (2005) Ko-rea National Health and Nutrition Exam-ination Survey (KNHANES III). Korean J Nutr, 41: 174-183.
12. Kant AK, Graubard BI (2004). Eating out in America, 1987-2000: trends and nutri-tional correlates. Prev Med, 38:243-249.
13. Ma Y, Bertone-Johnson ER, Stanek Iii EJ et al (2005). Eating patterns in a free-living healthy U. S. adult population. Ecol Food Nutr, 44:37-56.
14. Orfanos P, Naska A, Trichopoulos D et al (2007). Eating out of home and its corre-lates in 10 European countries. The Eu-ropean Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Public Health Nutr, 10: 1515-25.
15. Lund TB, Kjærnes U, Holm L (2017). Eat-ing out in four Nordic countries: Nation-al patterns and social stratification. Appe-tite, 119 : 23-33.
16. Mills S, Adams J, Wrieden W, White M, Brown H (2018). Sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of consum-ing home-cooked meals and meals from out-of-home sources: cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study. Public Health Nutr, 21: 2255-2266.
17. Kinsey JD (1994). Food and families socio-economic-status. J Nutr, 124: 1878S-1885S.
18. Kim D, Leigh JP (2011). Are meals at full-service and fastfood restaurants ‘normal’ or ‘inferior’? Popul Health Manag, 14: 307–315.
19. Dave JM, An LC, Jeffery RW et al (2009). Relationship of attitudes toward fast food and frequency of fast-food intake in adults. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17: 1164–1170.
20. Satia JA, Galanko JA, Siega-Riz AM (2004). Eating at fast-food restaurants is associ-ated with dietary intake, demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors among African Americans in North Car-olina. Public Health Nutr, 7: 1089–1096.
21. Smith C, Gray AR, Fleming EA, Parnell WR (2013). Characteristics of fast-food/takeaway-food and restau-rant/cafe´-food consumers among New Zealand adults. Public Health Nutr, 17: 2368–2377.
22. Koo S, Park K (2013). Dietary behaviors and lifestyle characteristics related to fre-quent eating out among Korean adults. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 42: 705-712.
23. Lee KS, Kim EJ, Jung HS (2014). A study on the selection attribute of bakery stores using correspondence analysis. Korean J Food Cook Sci, 30:412-418.
24. Kant AK, Graubard BI (2015). Within-person comparison of eating behaviors, time of eating, and dietary intake on days with and without breakfast:NHANES 2005-2010. Am J Clin Nutr, 102(3):661-70.
25. Todd JE (2017). Changes in consumption of food away from home and intakes of energy and other nutrients among US working-age adults, 2005–2014. Public Health Nutr, 20: 3238–3246.
26. O’Dwyer NA, Gibney MJ, Burke SJ, McCar-thy SN (2005). The influence of eating lo-cation on nutrient intakes in Irish adults: Implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutr, 8: 258–265.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 49 No 1 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v49i1.3051 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Eating-out frequency Sociodemographic characteristics Korean adults Nutrient intake | ||
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How to Cite
1.
JU S-Y. Changes in Eating-Out Frequency according to Sociodemographic Characteristics and Nutrient Intakes among Korean Adults. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(1):46-55.
