Happiness and Mental Health in Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Transsexual People
-
Elahe FALLAHTAFTI
,
Meisam NASEHI
,
Roya RASULI
,
Dariush D. FARHUD
,
Taghi POUREBRAHIM
,
Hassan ZAREEEIMAHMOODABADI
Abstract
Background: Sex is one of the major social classes in any society. Gender identity as the most fundamental element of human life from beginning to end. While most people with behavior and attitudes appropriate to their physiological gender, but among them are also those sexual behaviors with their physical sex does not match, that say to this group transsexual people. The aim of this study was to investigate happiness and mental health in transsexual individuals before surgery and after surgery.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study, consisted of 42 patients before surgery and after surgery inside Iran in 2016-2017. Snowball sampling method was selected. The instrument was Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Symptom Check List (SCL25). Data were analyzed using SPSS, t-test independent groups and one-way ANOVA.
Results: There was significant difference between transsexual individuals before surgery and after surgery in mean score of happiness (P<0.01) (t=-4/84). Moreover, there was significant difference between the two groups in mean score of mental health (P<0.01) (f=19/13).
Conclusion: Transsexual individuals after surgery experienced more happiness and mental health than those before surgery.
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7. Georgia Dacakis, Jennifer M. Oates & Jacin-ta M. Douglas (2016). Exploring the va-lidity of the transsexual voice question-naire (male-to-female): Do TVQMtF scores differentiate between MtF women who have had gender reassignment sur-gery and those who have not? Int J Transgenderism, 17:3-4.
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14. Ghasempour A, Jodat H, Soleimani M, Zhalehshabanlo K (2013). Happiness as a Predictor of Psychological Well-Being of Male Athlete Students. Ann Appl Sport Sci, 1(2):25-32.
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22. Jazmotman DC (2011). Quality of life in woman and man transsexualism. Interna-tional Society for Sexual Medicine, 8:3379–88.
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25. Hills P, Argyle M (2002). The Oxford Hap-piness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Pers Indiv Differ, 33(7):1073-1082.
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27. Malmir M, Seifenaraghi M, Farhud DD et al (2015). Mothers’ happiness with cogni-tive-executive functions and facial emo-tional recognition in school children with Down syndrome. Iran J Public Health, 44(5):646-53.
28. Najarian B, Davodi I (2001). Development and reliability of SCL-25; short form of SCL-90. J Psychology, 5(2):136-149.
29. Hoseini Yazdi S, Ahi & Ahi M (2013). Eco-nomic Stress, happiness and quality of life among cancer patients aged 20-35. Tolooe Behdasht, 12(1):44-55.
30. Gray RS, Kramanon R, Thapsuwan S (2008). The determinants of happiness among Thai people: Some evidence from Chai Nat and Kanchanaburi. Thammasat Economic J, 26(2):72-87.
31. Frisch M (2006). Quality of life therapy. New Jersey: John Wiley.
32. Lyubomirsky S, Ross, L (1997). Hedonic consequenes of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unphappy people. J Pers Soc Psychol, 73(6):1141-57.
33. Saul S, Saul SR (1990). The application of joy in group psychotherapy for the elderly. Int J Group Psychother, 40(3):353-63.
34. Diener ED, Eunkook S (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social and sub-jective indicators. Soc Indic Res, 40(1-2):189-216.
35. Taylor RJ, Chatters LC (1988). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social and sub-jective indicators. Rev Religious Res, 30(2): 193-202.
36. Schwartz N, Strack F (1991). Evaluating one’s life: A judgment model of subjec-tive well-being, Subjective well-being. An Interdisciplinary Perspective, 21: 27-47.
37. Salovey P, Rothman AJ, Detweiler JB, Stew-ard WT (2000). Emotional states and physical health. Am Psychol, 55(1): 110-21.
38. Adler MG, Fagley NS (2005). Appreciation: individual differences in finding value and meaning as a unique predictor of subjec-tive well- being. J Pers, 73(1):79-114.
39. Lucas RE, Diener E, Suh E (1996). Discri-minant validity of well-being measures. J Pers Soc Psychol, 71(3):616-628.
40. Daniel Kahneman & Jason Riis (2005). Liv-ing, and thinking about it: Two perspec-tives on life. In Felicia A. Huppert, Nick Baylis & Barry Keverne (eds.), The Sci-ence of Well-Being. Oxford University Press. pp. 285-304.
41. Graham C, Fitzpatrick M (2002). Does Happiness Pay? An Exploration Based on Panel Data from Rus-sia.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222708989_Does_Happiness_Pay_An_Exploration_Based_on_Panel_Data_from_Russia
42. Khosravi Z, Cheragh Mollaei L (2012). So-cial commitment, happiness and mental health among high-school and university students: A comparative study emphasiz-ing gender. Women’s Studies (Sociological & Psychological), 10(1):168.
43. Hamarat E, Thompson D, Zabrucky KM et al (2001). Perceived stress and coping re-source availability as predictors of life sat-isfaction in young, middle-aged, and old-er adults. Exp Aging Res, 27(2), 181-96.
44. Fruhwald S, Loffler H, Eher R et al (2001). Relationship between depression, anxiety and quality of life: A study of stroke pa-tients compared to chronic low back pain and myocardial ischemia patients. Psycho-pathology, 34(1):50-6.
45. Basu D (2004). Quality-of-life issues in men-tal health care: Past, present, future. Ger-man J Psychiatry, 7(3):35-43.
46. Samani S, Jokar B, Sahragard N (2007). Ef-fects of resilience on mental health and life satisfaction. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psy-chol, 13(3):290-295.
47. Mardani Hamule M, Shahraki Vahed A (2010). Relationship between mental health and quality of life in cancer pa-tients. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci, 18(2):111-17.
2. Intosh M (1991). Das Begriff Gender, Das Argument. G(NOV/DEZ), 33(6):845- 60.
3. Kalbfleisch PJ, Cody MJ (Eds.) (2012). Gen-der, power, and communication in human relation-ships. Routledge.
4. Imbimbo C (2007). Male to female trans-sexualism. Orologia, 74(4):187-96.
5. Morel Journel N (2013). Transsexualism. Progrès en Urologie, 23(9):718-26.
6. Van de Grift TC, Kreukels BP, Elfering L et al (2016). Body Image in Transmen: Mul-tidimensional Measurement and the Ef-fects of Mastectomy. J Sex Med, 13(11): 1778-86.
7. Georgia Dacakis, Jennifer M. Oates & Jacin-ta M. Douglas (2016). Exploring the va-lidity of the transsexual voice question-naire (male-to-female): Do TVQMtF scores differentiate between MtF women who have had gender reassignment sur-gery and those who have not? Int J Transgenderism, 17:3-4.
8. Prunas A, Alessandra D. Fisher, Elisa Ban-dini, et al (2016). Eudaimonic well-being in transsexual people, before and after gender confirming surgery. J Happiness Stud, DOI: 10.1007/s10902-016-9780-7.
9. Mazedi K, Asadi A (2012). Mental Health Status in the Quran. Journal of Ardabil Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, 12(1):85-96.
10. Rahimian Bugar E, Mohammadifar MA, Najafi M, Dehshiri GH (2013). Life skills influence on students general health. Jour-nal of Clinical Psychology and Personality, 20: 23-34.
11. Ghasemzadeh M (2011). Training of psychi-atry in mental health: Report of an expe-rience. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol, 17(2):175-76.
12. Evans T, Van Lerberghe W, et al (2008). The world health report 2008: Primary health care- now more than ever. Geneva. Switzerland: world health organization.
13. Gharamaleki N, Hajloo N, Niazi Mirak J (2012). Prediction of happiness based on identity processing styles. J Psychological Models Method, 2(7):121-34.
14. Ghasempour A, Jodat H, Soleimani M, Zhalehshabanlo K (2013). Happiness as a Predictor of Psychological Well-Being of Male Athlete Students. Ann Appl Sport Sci, 1(2):25-32.
15. Kaliterna-Lipovčan L, Prizmić-Larsen Z (2016). What differs between happy and unhappy people? Springerplus, 5: 225.
16. Buss DM (2000). The evolution of happi-ness. Am Psychol, 55(1):15-23.
17. Veenhoven R (1997). Advances in under-standing happiness. Revue Québécoise de Psy-chologie, 18(2): 29-74.
18. Veenhoven R (2008). Healthy happiness: Ef-fects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive healthcare. J Happiness Stud, 9: 449–69.
19. Blancho LF (2006). Family focused interven-tion to promote happiness. J Personality and Social Psychology, 53:235-50.
20. Moghanloo M, Aguilar VM (2009). Domain and facets of the five factor model of personality correlates of happiness, men-tal health and physical health. Iran J Psy-chiatry Clin Psychol, 15(3):290-99.
21. Anasori M (2008). The relationship between psychological health and happiness among the female and male students of Islamic Azad University. Andisheh va Raftar (Applied Psychology), (6):75-84.
22. Jazmotman DC (2011). Quality of life in woman and man transsexualism. Interna-tional Society for Sexual Medicine, 8:3379–88.
23. Kuhn A, Bodmer C, Stadlmayr W, et al (2009). Quality of life15 years after sex re-assignment surgery for transsexualism, Frauenklinik. Fertil Steril, 92(5):1685-89.
24. Wierckx K, Van Caenegem E, Elaut E et al (2011). Quality of life and sexual health after sex reassignment surgery in trans-sexual men. J Sex Med, 8(12): 3379-88.
25. Hills P, Argyle M (2002). The Oxford Hap-piness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Pers Indiv Differ, 33(7):1073-1082.
26. Alipoor A, Noorbala A (1999). A prelimi-nary evaluation of the validity and reliabil-ity of the oxford happiness questionnaire in students in the universities of Tehran. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol, 5(1-2):55-66.
27. Malmir M, Seifenaraghi M, Farhud DD et al (2015). Mothers’ happiness with cogni-tive-executive functions and facial emo-tional recognition in school children with Down syndrome. Iran J Public Health, 44(5):646-53.
28. Najarian B, Davodi I (2001). Development and reliability of SCL-25; short form of SCL-90. J Psychology, 5(2):136-149.
29. Hoseini Yazdi S, Ahi & Ahi M (2013). Eco-nomic Stress, happiness and quality of life among cancer patients aged 20-35. Tolooe Behdasht, 12(1):44-55.
30. Gray RS, Kramanon R, Thapsuwan S (2008). The determinants of happiness among Thai people: Some evidence from Chai Nat and Kanchanaburi. Thammasat Economic J, 26(2):72-87.
31. Frisch M (2006). Quality of life therapy. New Jersey: John Wiley.
32. Lyubomirsky S, Ross, L (1997). Hedonic consequenes of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unphappy people. J Pers Soc Psychol, 73(6):1141-57.
33. Saul S, Saul SR (1990). The application of joy in group psychotherapy for the elderly. Int J Group Psychother, 40(3):353-63.
34. Diener ED, Eunkook S (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social and sub-jective indicators. Soc Indic Res, 40(1-2):189-216.
35. Taylor RJ, Chatters LC (1988). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social and sub-jective indicators. Rev Religious Res, 30(2): 193-202.
36. Schwartz N, Strack F (1991). Evaluating one’s life: A judgment model of subjec-tive well-being, Subjective well-being. An Interdisciplinary Perspective, 21: 27-47.
37. Salovey P, Rothman AJ, Detweiler JB, Stew-ard WT (2000). Emotional states and physical health. Am Psychol, 55(1): 110-21.
38. Adler MG, Fagley NS (2005). Appreciation: individual differences in finding value and meaning as a unique predictor of subjec-tive well- being. J Pers, 73(1):79-114.
39. Lucas RE, Diener E, Suh E (1996). Discri-minant validity of well-being measures. J Pers Soc Psychol, 71(3):616-628.
40. Daniel Kahneman & Jason Riis (2005). Liv-ing, and thinking about it: Two perspec-tives on life. In Felicia A. Huppert, Nick Baylis & Barry Keverne (eds.), The Sci-ence of Well-Being. Oxford University Press. pp. 285-304.
41. Graham C, Fitzpatrick M (2002). Does Happiness Pay? An Exploration Based on Panel Data from Rus-sia.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222708989_Does_Happiness_Pay_An_Exploration_Based_on_Panel_Data_from_Russia
42. Khosravi Z, Cheragh Mollaei L (2012). So-cial commitment, happiness and mental health among high-school and university students: A comparative study emphasiz-ing gender. Women’s Studies (Sociological & Psychological), 10(1):168.
43. Hamarat E, Thompson D, Zabrucky KM et al (2001). Perceived stress and coping re-source availability as predictors of life sat-isfaction in young, middle-aged, and old-er adults. Exp Aging Res, 27(2), 181-96.
44. Fruhwald S, Loffler H, Eher R et al (2001). Relationship between depression, anxiety and quality of life: A study of stroke pa-tients compared to chronic low back pain and myocardial ischemia patients. Psycho-pathology, 34(1):50-6.
45. Basu D (2004). Quality-of-life issues in men-tal health care: Past, present, future. Ger-man J Psychiatry, 7(3):35-43.
46. Samani S, Jokar B, Sahragard N (2007). Ef-fects of resilience on mental health and life satisfaction. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psy-chol, 13(3):290-295.
47. Mardani Hamule M, Shahraki Vahed A (2010). Relationship between mental health and quality of life in cancer pa-tients. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci, 18(2):111-17.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48 No 12 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i12.3561 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Happiness Mental health Transsexual Iran | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
FALLAHTAFTI E, NASEHI M, RASULI R, FARHUD DD, POUREBRAHIM T, ZAREEEIMAHMOODABADI H. Happiness and Mental Health in Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Transsexual People. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(12):2277-2284.
