The Burden of Cancer in a Sample of Iranian Population
,
Abstract
Background: We aimed at estimating the burden of cancer in Kurdistan Province, western Iran during 2011-2017.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, incidence data extracted from the cancer registry system and death data were extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death of Kurdistan Province. We applied the WHO’ methods to calculate the disability-adjusted life year (DALYs).
Results: The burden of cancer increased from a DALYs of 12309 in 2011 to 13969 in 2017, the YLL from 11644 in 2011 to 12951 in 2017 and the YLD from 665 in 2011 to 1018 in 2017. The top five cancers, according to DALYs (%) in both sex during 2011-2017 were: stomach (25%), lung (14%), liver (9%), esophagus (6%), and colon (6%). The most burden of cancer related to gastrointestinal tract (54% vs. 45%). Totally, more than 25% of DALYs were related to stomach cancer.
Conclusion: The increasing DALYs of cancer in Kurdistan Province is one of the major public health concerns as in most developed countries. More than half of the burden of cancer in the Kurdistan Province is related to gastrointestinal tract. Stomach cancer, is accounting for more than 25% of the burden in both sexes. Urgent policy, management and public health measures such as general education, screening, early detection and effective treatment are recommended to reduce the burden of cancers and especially gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 68(6):394-424.
2. Roshandel G, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Partovipour E, et al (2019). Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: Results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry. Cancer Epidemiol, 61:50-58.
3. Omran AR (2005). The epidemiologic transition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. 1971. Milbank Q, 83(4):731-757.
4. Gersten O, Wilmoth JR (2002). The Cancer Transition in Japan since 1951. Demographic Research, 7(5):271-306.
5. Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Alleyne G, et al (2011). UN High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases: addressing four questions. Lancet, 378(9789):449-55.
6. Kazem Zendehdel MP(2018). Cancer Statistics in I.R. Iran in 2018. Clin Cancer Res 11:1-4.
7. Roshandel G, Sadjadi A, Aarabi M, et al(2012). Cancer incidence in Golestan Province: report of an ongoing population-based cancer registry in Iran between 2004 and 2008. Arch Iran Med, (4):196-200.
8. Roshandel G, Semnani S, Fazel A, et al(2018). Building cancer registries in a lower resource setting: The 10-year experience of Golestan, Northern Iran. Cancer Epidemiol,52:128-133.
9. Modirian M, Rahimzadeh S, Cheraghi Z, et al(2010). Burden of Cancers in Iran from 1990 to 2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2010. Arch Iran Med,18(10):629-37.
10. Rahmani H, Sarabi Asiabar A, Niakan S, et al (2018). Burden of esophageal cancer in Iran during 1995-2015: Review of findings from the Global Burden of Disease studies. Med J Islam Repub Iran, 32:55.
11. Mousavi SM, Davanlou M, Gouya MM (2008). Cancer incidence and mortality in Iran. Ann Oncol,20(3):556-63.
12. Rouhollahi MR, Mohagheghi MA, Mohammadrezai N, et al(2014). Situation analysis of the National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (2013) in the I. R. of Iran; assessment and recommendations based on the IAEA imPACT mission. Arch Iran Med, 17(4):222-31.
13. Engholm G, Ferlay J, Christensen N, et al(2010). NORDCAN–a Nordic tool for cancer information, planning, quality control and research. Acta oncologica,49(5):725-36.
14. Jemal A, Center MM, DeSantis C, et al (2010). Global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,19(8):1893-907.
15. Naghavi Mohsen AF, Pourmalk Farshad, Jafari Nahid, et al(2003).Burden of diseases and injuries in Iran in 2003. J Epidemiol,4(1):19-1.
16. Amitage P, Doll R(1954). The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer,1-12.
17. Ock M, Lee JY, Oh I-H, et a l(2016). Disability weights measurement for 228 causes of disease in the Korean Burden of Disease Study 2012. J Korean Med Sci,31(Suppl 2):S129-S38.
18. Karimi H, Ghaderi E, Roshani D (2018). Evaluation of life expectancy in Kurdistan Province, Iran, during the years 2006 and 2016. Chronic Diseases Journal,5(2):64-71.
19. Farahbakhsh M, KOUSHA A, ZAKERI A, et al(2012). Determination of Burden of Common Diseases in East Azerbaijan, 2007. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ,34(1):81-87.
20. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al (2019). Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer,144(8):1941-53.
21. Soerjomataram I, Lortet-Tieulent J, Parkin DM, et al (2012). Global burden of cancer in 2008: a systematic analysis of disability-adjusted life-years in 12 world regions. Lancet,380(9856):1840-50.
22. Alsharif U, El Bcheraoui C, Khalil I, et al (2018). Burden of cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2005–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study. Int J Public Health,63(1):151-164.
23. Plummer M, Franceschi S, Vignat J, et al (2015). Global burden of gastric cancer attributable to Helicobacter pylori. Int J Cancer,136(2):487-90.
24. S Hansen, K K Melby, S Aase, E Jellum, et al (1999). Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk of Cardia Cancer and Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. Scand J Gastroenterol,34(4):353-60.
25. Clinton SK, Giovannucci EL, Hursting SD (2019). The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Third Expert Report on Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Cancer: Impact and Future Directions. J Nutr, 150(4):663-671.
26. Safari A, Reazai M, Tangestaninejad A, et al (2016). Opium consumption: A potential risk factor for lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Cancer,53(4):587-589.
27. Meysamie A, Ghaletaki R, Zhand N, et a l(2012). Cigarette smoking in iran. Iran J Public Health, 41(2):1-14.
28. Eydian Z, Asna'ashari AM, Behravan J, et al (2016). Association of P53 codon 72 polymorphism and lung cancer in an ethnic Iranian population. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 62(9):34-8.
29. Hariri M, Zohdi S(2019). Effect of Vitamin D on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Int J Prev Med, 10:14.
30. Roshandel G, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Partovipour E, et al (2019) . Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry. Cancer Epidemiol, 61:50-8.
31. Hajizadeh B, Jessri M, Akhoondan M, et al,(2012). Nutrient patterns and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Dis Esophagus,25(5):442-8.
32. Hajizadeh B, Jessri M, Moasheri SM, et al (2011). Fruits and vegetables consumption and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Nutr Cancer,63(5):707-13.
33. Wei EK, Giovannucci E, Wu K, et al (2004). Comparison of risk factors for colon and rectal cancer. Int J Cancer,108(3):433-42.
2. Roshandel G, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Partovipour E, et al (2019). Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: Results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry. Cancer Epidemiol, 61:50-58.
3. Omran AR (2005). The epidemiologic transition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. 1971. Milbank Q, 83(4):731-757.
4. Gersten O, Wilmoth JR (2002). The Cancer Transition in Japan since 1951. Demographic Research, 7(5):271-306.
5. Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Alleyne G, et al (2011). UN High-Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases: addressing four questions. Lancet, 378(9789):449-55.
6. Kazem Zendehdel MP(2018). Cancer Statistics in I.R. Iran in 2018. Clin Cancer Res 11:1-4.
7. Roshandel G, Sadjadi A, Aarabi M, et al(2012). Cancer incidence in Golestan Province: report of an ongoing population-based cancer registry in Iran between 2004 and 2008. Arch Iran Med, (4):196-200.
8. Roshandel G, Semnani S, Fazel A, et al(2018). Building cancer registries in a lower resource setting: The 10-year experience of Golestan, Northern Iran. Cancer Epidemiol,52:128-133.
9. Modirian M, Rahimzadeh S, Cheraghi Z, et al(2010). Burden of Cancers in Iran from 1990 to 2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2010. Arch Iran Med,18(10):629-37.
10. Rahmani H, Sarabi Asiabar A, Niakan S, et al (2018). Burden of esophageal cancer in Iran during 1995-2015: Review of findings from the Global Burden of Disease studies. Med J Islam Repub Iran, 32:55.
11. Mousavi SM, Davanlou M, Gouya MM (2008). Cancer incidence and mortality in Iran. Ann Oncol,20(3):556-63.
12. Rouhollahi MR, Mohagheghi MA, Mohammadrezai N, et al(2014). Situation analysis of the National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (2013) in the I. R. of Iran; assessment and recommendations based on the IAEA imPACT mission. Arch Iran Med, 17(4):222-31.
13. Engholm G, Ferlay J, Christensen N, et al(2010). NORDCAN–a Nordic tool for cancer information, planning, quality control and research. Acta oncologica,49(5):725-36.
14. Jemal A, Center MM, DeSantis C, et al (2010). Global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,19(8):1893-907.
15. Naghavi Mohsen AF, Pourmalk Farshad, Jafari Nahid, et al(2003).Burden of diseases and injuries in Iran in 2003. J Epidemiol,4(1):19-1.
16. Amitage P, Doll R(1954). The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer,1-12.
17. Ock M, Lee JY, Oh I-H, et a l(2016). Disability weights measurement for 228 causes of disease in the Korean Burden of Disease Study 2012. J Korean Med Sci,31(Suppl 2):S129-S38.
18. Karimi H, Ghaderi E, Roshani D (2018). Evaluation of life expectancy in Kurdistan Province, Iran, during the years 2006 and 2016. Chronic Diseases Journal,5(2):64-71.
19. Farahbakhsh M, KOUSHA A, ZAKERI A, et al(2012). Determination of Burden of Common Diseases in East Azerbaijan, 2007. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ,34(1):81-87.
20. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al (2019). Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer,144(8):1941-53.
21. Soerjomataram I, Lortet-Tieulent J, Parkin DM, et al (2012). Global burden of cancer in 2008: a systematic analysis of disability-adjusted life-years in 12 world regions. Lancet,380(9856):1840-50.
22. Alsharif U, El Bcheraoui C, Khalil I, et al (2018). Burden of cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2005–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study. Int J Public Health,63(1):151-164.
23. Plummer M, Franceschi S, Vignat J, et al (2015). Global burden of gastric cancer attributable to Helicobacter pylori. Int J Cancer,136(2):487-90.
24. S Hansen, K K Melby, S Aase, E Jellum, et al (1999). Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk of Cardia Cancer and Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. Scand J Gastroenterol,34(4):353-60.
25. Clinton SK, Giovannucci EL, Hursting SD (2019). The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Third Expert Report on Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Cancer: Impact and Future Directions. J Nutr, 150(4):663-671.
26. Safari A, Reazai M, Tangestaninejad A, et al (2016). Opium consumption: A potential risk factor for lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Cancer,53(4):587-589.
27. Meysamie A, Ghaletaki R, Zhand N, et a l(2012). Cigarette smoking in iran. Iran J Public Health, 41(2):1-14.
28. Eydian Z, Asna'ashari AM, Behravan J, et al (2016). Association of P53 codon 72 polymorphism and lung cancer in an ethnic Iranian population. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 62(9):34-8.
29. Hariri M, Zohdi S(2019). Effect of Vitamin D on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Int J Prev Med, 10:14.
30. Roshandel G, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Partovipour E, et al (2019) . Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry. Cancer Epidemiol, 61:50-8.
31. Hajizadeh B, Jessri M, Akhoondan M, et al,(2012). Nutrient patterns and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Dis Esophagus,25(5):442-8.
32. Hajizadeh B, Jessri M, Moasheri SM, et al (2011). Fruits and vegetables consumption and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Nutr Cancer,63(5):707-13.
33. Wei EK, Giovannucci E, Wu K, et al (2004). Comparison of risk factors for colon and rectal cancer. Int J Cancer,108(3):433-42.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 50 No 8 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i8.6816 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Burden of disease Gastrointestinal tract Cancer Noncommunicable disease Iran | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Moradi S, Moradi G, Piroozi B, Ghaderi E, Roshani D, Azadnia A. The Burden of Cancer in a Sample of Iranian Population. Iran J Public Health. 2021;50(8):1687-1696.
