Short Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Adults: Secondary Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Abstract
Background: Sleep durations shorter or longer than 7 h are associated with cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the association among sleep duration, risk factors of hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in South Korea using data from a recent large-scale survey.
Methods: Data produced by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were subjected to multivariate logistic analysis. This cross-sectional, nationally representative survey was conducted from Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2011, by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Overall, 6,466 participated. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13.0 (STATA Corp LP).
Results: The participants’ socioeconomic, physical, and lifestyle factors were statistically different between the two age groups (<65 yr and ≥65 yr). Shorter sleep durations were associated with hypertension in individuals younger than 65 yr of age. On the other hand, in participants aged ≥65 yr, both shorter and longer sleep durations were associated with hypertension, while shorter sleep durations were associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion: Unusual sleep durations are associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among Korean adults. The effect of sleep duration appears to be more significant in individuals with hypertension, suggesting that the management of hypertension should be prioritized in patients older than 65 year.
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29. Guo X, Zheng L, Wang J et al (2013). Epi-demiological evidence for the link be-tween sleep duration and high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med, 14:324-332.
30. Kim J, Jo I (2010). Age-dependent associa-tion between sleep duration and hyper-tension in the adult Korean population. Am J Hypertens, 23: 1286-1291.
31. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandalan B, et al (2008). Meta-analysis of short sleep du-ration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep, 31: 619-626.
32. Frange C, de Queiroz SS, da Silva Prado JM, el al (2014). The impact of sleep duration on self-rated health. Sleep Sci, 7:107-113.
2. Korea National Statistical Office (2014). Na-tional Health statistics 2014. Available from: http://kostat.go.kr/portal/eng/index.action
3. Altman NG, Izci-Balserak B, Schofer E et al (2012). Sleep duration versus sleep insuf-ficiency as predictors of cardiometabolic health outcomes. Sleep Med, 13: 1261-1270.
4. Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D’Elia L et al (2011). Sleep duration predicts cardiovas-cular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J, 32: 1484-1492.
5. Grandner MA, Hale L, Moore M, Patel NP (2010). Mortality associated with short sleep duration: the evidence, the possible mechanisms, and the future. Sleep Med Rev, 14: 191-203.
6. Grandner MA (2012). Sleep duration across the lifespan: implications for health. Sleep Med Rev, 16: 199-201.
7. World Health Organization (2013). Geneva: World Health Statistics 2013.
8. Bathgate CJ, Edinger JD, Wyatt JK, Krystal AD (2016). Objective but not subjective short sleep duration associated with in-creased risk for hypertension in individu-als with insomnia. Sleep, 39:1037-45.
9. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K et al (2005). Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet, 365: 217-223.
10. Lawes CM, Vander Hoorn S, Rodgers A (2008). Global burden of blood pressure related disease. Lancet, 371: 1513-1518.
11. Gottlieb DJ, Redine S, Nieto FJ, et al (2006). Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: the sleep heart health study. Sleep, 29: 1009-1014.
12. Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, et al (2006). Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension; analysis of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hypertension, 47: 833-839.
13. Covassin N, Singh P (2016). Sleep duration and cardiovascular disease risk: Epidemi-ologic and experimental evidence. Sleep Med Clin, 11:81-89.
14. Kim IG, So WY, Sung DJ (2015). The rela-tionships between lifestyle factors and hypertension in community-dwelling Ko-rean adults. J Phys Ther Sci, 27:3689-3892.
15. Wu MC, Yang YC, Wu JS, et al (2012). Short sleep duration associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an apparently healthy population. Prev Med, 55: 305–309.
16. Sabanayagam C, Shankar A (2010). Sleep du-ration and cardiovascular disease: results from the National Health Interview Sur-vey. Sleep, 33: 1037-1042.
17. Tamakoshi A, Ohno Y, Group JS (2004). Self-reported sleep duration as a predic-tor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan. Sleep, 27: 51-4.
18. Eguchi K, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE, et al (2008). Short sleep duration as an inde-pendent predictor of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hyper-tension. Arch Intern Med, 168: 2225-2231.
19. Chen JC, Brunner RL, Ren H, et al (2008). Sleep duration and risk of ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women. Stroke, 39: 3185-3192.
20. Meisinger C, Heier M, Lowel H et al (2007). Sleep duration and sleep complaints and risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men and women from the general population: the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Sleep, 30: 1121-1127.
21. American Heart Association (2015). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2015 Update. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Associa-tion.
22. Walsh, ME, Reis, D, Jones, T (2011). Inte-grating complementary and alternative medicine: use of essential oils in hyper-tension management. J Vasc Nurs, 29: 87-88.
23. Wang Q, Xi B, Liu M, Zhang Y, Fu M (2012). Short sleep duration is associated with hypertension risk among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hy-pertens Res, 35:1012-18.
24. Cappuccio FP, Stranges S, Kandala NB, et al (2007). Gender-specific associations of short sleep duration with prevalent and incident hypertension: the Whitehall II Study. Hypertension, 50: 693-700.
25. Fung MM, Peters K, Ancoli-Israel S et al (2013). Total sleep time and other sleep characteristics measured by actigraphy do not predict incident hypertension in a cohort of community-dwelling older men. J Clin Sleep Med, 9:585-591.
26. Fung MM, Peters K, Redline S, et al (2011). Decreased slow wave sleep increases risk of developing hyper-tension in elderly men. Hypertension, 58:596–603.
27. Van den Berg JF, Tulen JHM, Neven AK, et al (2007). Sleep duration and hyperten-sion are not associated in the elderly. Hy-pertension, 50(3):585–589.
28. Wang Y, Mei H, Jiang YR et al (2015). Rela-tionship between duration of sleep and hypertension in adults: A meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med, 11(9):1047-1056.
29. Guo X, Zheng L, Wang J et al (2013). Epi-demiological evidence for the link be-tween sleep duration and high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med, 14:324-332.
30. Kim J, Jo I (2010). Age-dependent associa-tion between sleep duration and hyper-tension in the adult Korean population. Am J Hypertens, 23: 1286-1291.
31. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandalan B, et al (2008). Meta-analysis of short sleep du-ration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep, 31: 619-626.
32. Frange C, de Queiroz SS, da Silva Prado JM, el al (2014). The impact of sleep duration on self-rated health. Sleep Sci, 7:107-113.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48 No 7 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i7.2945 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cardiovascular disease Hypertension Korea Sleep | ||
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How to Cite
1.
NOH W, MOON H. Short Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Adults: Secondary Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(7):1239-1247.
