Health Risk Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Heavy Metals Content of Chemical Hair Dyes
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Abstract
Background: Contamination of hair dyes to heavy metals can threaten consumer's health. We investigated the concentrations of some important heavy metals in hair dyes and evaluates their non-carcinogenic effects.
Methods: The most commonly used hair dyes were determined through questioners and 32 samples were collected from the market of Tehran in 2014. The concentration of 10 heavy metals (Fe, Ag, Co, Cr, Mn, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Al) was determined using ICP-MS. Based on the obtained data from distributed questionnaires and Monte Carlo simulation, the exposure to the evaluated heavy metals was estimated. Besides, using hazard quotient (HQ) and chronic hazard (HI), the risk of non-carcinogenic effects of investigated hair dyes consumption was specified.
Results: Results indicated the average concentrations of Al, Ba, and Fe as 0.54, 0.86, and 1.19 mg kg-1 and those of Cd, Cu, and Pb as 0.45, 61.32, and 185.34 µg kg-1, respectively. Pb with HQ of 7.46e-4 had the highest risk and Fe with HQ of 3.4e-6 had the lowest level of risk. Among the investigated dyes, the ones made by Iran (HI=2.8e-4) and the dark brown color (HI=1.93e-4) had the highest level of risk among all the studied samples.
Conclusion: Two indices of HI and HQ showed that heavy metal contents in the investigated samples had not probable non-carcinogenic risks for the consumers of these products.
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25. Liu S, Hammond S, Rojas-Cheatham A (2013). Concentrations and potential health risks of metals in lip products. Environ Health Perspect, 121(6): 705-710.
26. Ramanathan R (2007). Barium and barium salts. In: Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants. Eds. Committee on spacecraft exposure guidelines. The national academies press. Washington, D.C., pp. 52-96.
27. Kojola W, Brenniman G, Carnow B (1978). A review of environmental characteristics and health effects of barium in public water supplies. Rev Environ Health, 3(1): 79-95.
28. Al-Dayel O, Hefne J, Al-Ajyan T (2011). Human Exposure to Heavy Metals from Cosmetics. Orient J Chem, 27(1): 1-11.
29. Khalid A, Bukhari I, Riazi M et al (2013). Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel in Different Brands of Lipsticks. IJBPAS, 2(5):1003-1009.
30. Zazoule M, Shokrzadeh M, Mohseni A, Bazrafshan E (2006). Study of chromium concentration in tarrom rice cultivated in the Qaemshahr region and its daily intake. WASJ, 1(5): 60-65.
31. Huang Z, Pan X, Wu P et al (2013). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in rice to the population in Zhejiang, China. PLoS One, 8(9): e75007.
32. Adepoju-Bello A, Oguntibeju O, Adebisi R et al (2012). Evaluation of the concentration of toxic metals in cosmetic products in Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol, 11(97): 16360-16364.
33. Sukender K, Jaspreet S, Sneha D et al (2012). AAS estimation of heavy metals and trace elements in Indian herbal cosmetic preparations. Res J Chem Sci, 2(3): 46-51.
34. Ayenimo J, Yusuf A, Adekunle A et al (2010). Heavy metal exposure from personal care products. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 84(1): 8-14.
35. Stevens R, Jones DY, Micozzi M et al (1988). Body iron stores and the risk of cancer. N Engl J Med, 319(16): 1047-1052.
36. Gondal M, Seddigi Z, Nasr M et al (2010). Spectroscopic detection of health hazardous contaminants in lipstick using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. J Hazard Mater, 175(1-3): 726-732.
37. Hashemi-Moghaddam H, Shiravi A, Shadab-Shamsabad F et al (2013). In Disposition of lead (Pb) in blood of rats following oral exposure to lipstick. E3S Web of Conferences, 1:1-4.
38. Dorne J, Fink-Gremels J ( 2013). Human and animal health risk assessments of chemicals in the food chain: Comparative aspects and future perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 270(3): 187-195.
2. Djahed B, Taghavi M, Farzadkia M, Norzaee S, Miri M (2018). Stochastic exposure and health risk assessment of rice contamination to the heavy metals in the market of Iranshahr, Iran. Food Chem Toxicol, 115: 405-412.
3. Aktas Sukuroglu A, Battal D, Burgaz S (2017). Monitoring of Lawsone, p‐phenylenediamine and heavy metals in commercial temporary black henna tattoos sold in Turkey. Contact Dermatitis, 76(2): 89-95.
4. Iwegbue CMA, Bassey FI, Obi G et al (2016). Concentrations and exposure risks of some metals in facial cosmetics in Nigeria. Toxicol Rep, 3(2): 464-472.
5. Ozbek N, Akman S (2016). Determination of lead, cadmium and nickel in hennas and other hair dyes sold in Turkey. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 79(1): 49-53.
6. Massadeh AM, El-Khateeb MY, Ibrahim SM (2017). Evaluation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in selected cosmetic products from Jordanian, Sudanese, and Syrian markets. Public Health, 149: 130-137.
7. Ullah H, Noreen S, Rehman A et al (2017). Comparative study of heavy metals content in cosmetic products of different countries marketed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Arab J Chem, 10(1): 10-18.
8. Volpe MG, Nazzaro M, Coppola R et al (2012). Determination and assessments of selected heavy metals in eye shadow cosmetics from China, Italy, and USA. Microchem J, 101: 65-69.
9. Salama AK (2015). Assessment of metals in cosmetics commonly used in Saudi Arabia. Environ Monit Assess, 188(10): 553.
10. Ababneh F, Abu-Sbeih KA, Al-Momani IF (2013). Evaluation of Allergenic Metals and Other Trace Elements in Personal Care Products. Jordan J Chem, 8(3): 179-190.
11. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans (1993). Occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal use of hair colourants; some hair dyes, cosmetic colourants, industrial dyestuffs and aromatic amines. World Health Organization, Switzerland, pp.: 34-36.
12. Hussein HJ (2015). Evaluation of the Concentration of some heavy metals in hair dyes in Baghdad. Int J Sci Res, 4(2): 687 - 691.
13. Iwegbue CM, Onyeloni SO, Bassey FI et al (2016). Safety evaluation of metal exposure from commonly used hair dyes and tattoo inks in Nigeria. J Environ Health, 78(6):26-30.
14. Al-Qutob M, Alatrash M, Abol-Ola S (2013). Determination of different heavy metals concentrations in cosmetics purchased from the Palestinian markets by ICP/MS. AES Bioflux, 5(3):287-293.
15. Zheng N, Liu J, Wang Q et al (2010). Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, Northeast of China. Sci Total Environ, 408(4): 726-733.
16. Liu X, Song Q, Tang Y et al (2013). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil–vegetable system: A multi-medium analysis. Sci Total Environ, 463-464:530-540.
17. Emmanuel E, Pierre G, Perrodin Y (2009). Groundwater contamination by microbiological and chemical substances released from hospital wastewater: Health risk assessment for drinking water consumers. Environ Int, 35(4): 718-726.
18. Mohammadi M, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Khoda bandeh S (2014). Determination of Cadmium and Lead Concentration in Cosmetics Products (Sunscreen, Lipstick and Hair Color). IJHE, 6(4): 481-490.
19. Sofuoglu C, Kavcar P (2008). An exposure and risk assessment for fluoride and trace metals in black tea. J Hazard Mater, 158(2-3): 392-400.
20. Kentel E, Aral MM (2004). Probabilistic-fuzzy health risk modeling. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess, 18(5): 324-338.
21. Farzadkia M, Djahed B, Shahsavani S et al (2015). Prediction of gas emission and derived electrical power generation from shiraz landfill. Global Nest Journal, 17(3):487-497.
22. Movahed M, Ghafarinasab E, Hoseini M (2009). Makeup and young girls social life. Wom Dev Pol, 8(1): 79-105.
23. Hachez-Leroy F (2013). Aluminium in health and food: a gradual global approach. EUR REV HIST, 20(2): 217-236.
24. Yavuz C, Vaizoglu S, Guler C (2013). Aluminium in Drinking Water. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 12(5): 589-596.
25. Liu S, Hammond S, Rojas-Cheatham A (2013). Concentrations and potential health risks of metals in lip products. Environ Health Perspect, 121(6): 705-710.
26. Ramanathan R (2007). Barium and barium salts. In: Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants. Eds. Committee on spacecraft exposure guidelines. The national academies press. Washington, D.C., pp. 52-96.
27. Kojola W, Brenniman G, Carnow B (1978). A review of environmental characteristics and health effects of barium in public water supplies. Rev Environ Health, 3(1): 79-95.
28. Al-Dayel O, Hefne J, Al-Ajyan T (2011). Human Exposure to Heavy Metals from Cosmetics. Orient J Chem, 27(1): 1-11.
29. Khalid A, Bukhari I, Riazi M et al (2013). Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel in Different Brands of Lipsticks. IJBPAS, 2(5):1003-1009.
30. Zazoule M, Shokrzadeh M, Mohseni A, Bazrafshan E (2006). Study of chromium concentration in tarrom rice cultivated in the Qaemshahr region and its daily intake. WASJ, 1(5): 60-65.
31. Huang Z, Pan X, Wu P et al (2013). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in rice to the population in Zhejiang, China. PLoS One, 8(9): e75007.
32. Adepoju-Bello A, Oguntibeju O, Adebisi R et al (2012). Evaluation of the concentration of toxic metals in cosmetic products in Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol, 11(97): 16360-16364.
33. Sukender K, Jaspreet S, Sneha D et al (2012). AAS estimation of heavy metals and trace elements in Indian herbal cosmetic preparations. Res J Chem Sci, 2(3): 46-51.
34. Ayenimo J, Yusuf A, Adekunle A et al (2010). Heavy metal exposure from personal care products. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 84(1): 8-14.
35. Stevens R, Jones DY, Micozzi M et al (1988). Body iron stores and the risk of cancer. N Engl J Med, 319(16): 1047-1052.
36. Gondal M, Seddigi Z, Nasr M et al (2010). Spectroscopic detection of health hazardous contaminants in lipstick using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. J Hazard Mater, 175(1-3): 726-732.
37. Hashemi-Moghaddam H, Shiravi A, Shadab-Shamsabad F et al (2013). In Disposition of lead (Pb) in blood of rats following oral exposure to lipstick. E3S Web of Conferences, 1:1-4.
38. Dorne J, Fink-Gremels J ( 2013). Human and animal health risk assessments of chemicals in the food chain: Comparative aspects and future perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 270(3): 187-195.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48 No 5 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i5.1807 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Chemical hair dyes Heavy metals Risk assessment Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
KHALILI F, MAHVI AH, NASSERI S, YUNESIAN M, YASERI M, DJAHED B. Health Risk Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Heavy Metals Content of Chemical Hair Dyes. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(5):902-911.
