Physical, Psychological and Sexual Abuse of the Minor in the Families from the Northwestern Region of Romania- Social and Medical Forensics
-
Camelia Liana BUHAȘ
,
Claudia JUDEA-PUSTA
,
Bogdan Adrian BUHAȘ
,
Simona BUNGAU
,
Adrian Sorin JUDEA
,
Cristian SAVA
,
Viorel Cristian POPA
,
Gabriela CIOCA
,
Delia Mirela TIT
Abstract
Background: In Romania, the abuse within the family of the minor child is a widespread phenomenon, its extent is insufficiently known because of ignorance/not reporting all the existing cases.
Methods: The participants of the research are represented by two independent groups from the NW Romania 2007-2011, one for sociological study (1544 parents and 1283 children) and another for forensic statistical study (2761 cases of abused children). The sociological study was carried out by analyzing questionnaires applied in schools located in Bihor County, both to children and parents. The statistical analysis was carried out by studying the cases of the physically, sexually, and psychologically abused minors, recorded at Bihor County Forensic Service.
Results: Physical neglect and physical abuse are the most common forms of child abuse. The forensic analysis highlight that most of the victims are male from urban areas. Physical abuse is more common in the 16-18 age group, psychological abuse in children aged between 6-10 yr, and sexual abuse in children under the age of 14 years. Girls were subject to sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional abuse, more frequently in rural areas; boys were most often victims of exploitation, physical, and emotional abuse in both urban and rural areas.
Conclusion: The results of the study led to the formulation of general guidelines on this phenomenon and highlight the need for proposals to improve the current situation of child abuse within the family.
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14. Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, et al (2004). The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse Negl, 28(7): 771-784.
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29. de Jong R, Alink L, Bijleveld C, et al (2015). Transition to adulthood of child sexual abuse victims. Aggression and Violent Behav-ior, 24: 175-187.
30. Buhas C (2013). Psychic family violence and pathological jealousy with tragic conse-quences: Homicide. Aggresion and Violent Behavior, 18 (4): 434-435.
31. Buhas CL, Mihalache G, Judea-Pusta CT, et al (2018). Lethal cranio-cerebral trauma-tism resulting through a very rare mecha-nism. Rom J Leg Med, 26(3): 249-252.
32. Judea-Pusta C, Rusu A, Camarasan A (2019). Suicide by abdominal wounds suggesting seppuku: Case reports from Romania and an international literature review. Ag-gression and Violent Behavior, 47: 68-73.
33. Gilbert R, Fluke J, O'Donnell M, et al (2012). Child maltreatment: variation in trends and policies in six developed countries. Lancet, 379 (9817): 758-72.
34. US Department of Health and Human Ser-vices, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families (2006). Child Mal-treatment 2004. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
35. Christian CW (2015). American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. The evaluation of suspected child physical abuse. Pediatrics, 135(5):e1337-54.
36. Hornor G (2010). Child Sexual Abuse. Con-sequences and Implications. J Pediatr Health Care, 24(6): 358-64.
37. Lundahl BW, Nimer J, Parson B, et al (2006). Preventing child abuse: A meta-analysis of parent training programs. Re-search on Social Work Practice, 16: 251–262.
38. Miller-Perrin CL, Perrin RD (2013). Child Maltreatment, An Introduction. 3 rd edn. SAGE Publications.
2. Gilbert R, Kemp A, Thoburn J, et al (2009). Recognising and responding to child maltreatment. Lancet, 373 (9658): 167-80.
3. Taillieu TL, Brownridge DA, Sareen J, Afifi TO (2016). Childhood emotional mal-treatment and mental disorders. Results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States. Child Abuse & Neglect, 59: 1-12.
4. McDonald Culp A. ed. (2013). Child and Family Advocacy: Bridging the Gaps Between Research, Practice, and Policy. New York: Springer.
5. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children s Bureau(2012). Child maltreatment 2011. Available from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/research-data-technology/statistics-research/child-maltreatment
6. Straus MA, Gelles RJ (1986). Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national sur-veys. Journal of Marriage and Family, 48: 465–479.
7. Thornberry TP, Matsuda M, Greenman SJ, et al 2014) Adolescent Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl, 38(4): 706–722.
8. Thornberry TP, Ireland TO & Smith CA (2001). The importance of timing. The varying impact of childhood and adoles-cent maltreatment on multiple problem outcomes. Dev Psychopathol, 13: 957–979.
9. US Department of Health and Human Ser-vices, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. (2013). Child maltreatment 2012. Washington, DC: U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office.
10. Gong J, Chan RCK (2018). Early maladap-tive schemas as mediators between child-hood maltreatment and later psychologi-cal distress among Chinese college stu-dents. Psychiatry Res, 259: 493-500.
11. Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention (1999: Geneva, Switzerland), World Health Organization. Violence and Injury Prevention Team & Global Forum for Health Research. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention, 29-31 March 1999, WHO, Geneva. Ge-neva: World Health Organization. Availa-ble online: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900
12. Leeb RT, Paulozzi L, Melanson C, et al (2008). Child maltreatment surveillance: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements, version 1.0. Atlanta, G.A, Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/cm_surveillance-a.pdf
13. Kellogg ND (2007). American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse. Pediatrics, 119(6): 1232-1241.
14. Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, et al (2004). The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse Negl, 28(7): 771-784.
15. Beliş VL (1995). Treaty of Forensic Medi-cine. Bucharest: Medical Publishing House.
16. Chambert de LA (1959). Psychopathologie sociale de l’enfant inadapte. Paris: Centre d'ethnologie Sociale et de Psychosociolo-gie.
17. Dermengiu D (2002). Forensic pathology. Bucharest: The Romanian Medical Life.
18. Enache A, Dressler ML, Petcu M, et al (2007). Triada simptomatică în diagnos-ticul copilului maltratat. Rom J Leg Med, 15 (2): 106 – 110.
19. Mathew B, Bromfield L, Walsh K, et al (2017). Reports of child sexual abuse of boys and girls. Longitudinal trends over a 20-year period in Victoria, Australia. Child Abuse Negl, 66: 9-22.
20. Wu SS, Ma CX, Carter RL, et al (2004). Risk factors for infant maltreatment, a popula-tion-based study. Child Abuse Negl, 28(12):1253-64.
21. Brown J, Cohen P, Johnson JG, Salzinger S (1998). A longitudinal analysis of risk fac-tors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglec. Child Abuse Negl, 22(11): 1065-1078.
22. US Department of Health and Human Ser-vices (1993). A Report on the Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities. Washington, DC: Westat Inc and James Bell Associates Inc. Publication 105-89-16300
23. Metzler M, Merrick MT, Klevens J, et al (2017). Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narra-tive. Children and Youth Services Review, 72: 141-149.
24. Mullen PE, Martin JL, Anderson JC, et al (1996).The long-term impact of the phys-ical, emotional, and sexual abuse of chil-dren. Child Abuse Negl, 20(1): 7-21.
25. Stevens L, Rodin I (2011). Psychiatry (Second Edition), Churchill Livingstone.
26. Turner S, Taillieu T, Cheung K, Afifi TO (2017). The relationship between child-hood sexual abuse and mental health outcomes among males. Child Abuse Negl, 66: 64-72.
27. Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, et al (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income coun-tries. Lancet, 373(9657):68-81.
28. Buhas C, Mihalache G, Buhas B, Bungău S (2016). The difficulty in establising the generating mechanism of cranial and ver-tebral lesions in a cadaver partially skele-tonised. Rom J Leg Med, 24(4): 300-303.
29. de Jong R, Alink L, Bijleveld C, et al (2015). Transition to adulthood of child sexual abuse victims. Aggression and Violent Behav-ior, 24: 175-187.
30. Buhas C (2013). Psychic family violence and pathological jealousy with tragic conse-quences: Homicide. Aggresion and Violent Behavior, 18 (4): 434-435.
31. Buhas CL, Mihalache G, Judea-Pusta CT, et al (2018). Lethal cranio-cerebral trauma-tism resulting through a very rare mecha-nism. Rom J Leg Med, 26(3): 249-252.
32. Judea-Pusta C, Rusu A, Camarasan A (2019). Suicide by abdominal wounds suggesting seppuku: Case reports from Romania and an international literature review. Ag-gression and Violent Behavior, 47: 68-73.
33. Gilbert R, Fluke J, O'Donnell M, et al (2012). Child maltreatment: variation in trends and policies in six developed countries. Lancet, 379 (9817): 758-72.
34. US Department of Health and Human Ser-vices, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families (2006). Child Mal-treatment 2004. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
35. Christian CW (2015). American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. The evaluation of suspected child physical abuse. Pediatrics, 135(5):e1337-54.
36. Hornor G (2010). Child Sexual Abuse. Con-sequences and Implications. J Pediatr Health Care, 24(6): 358-64.
37. Lundahl BW, Nimer J, Parson B, et al (2006). Preventing child abuse: A meta-analysis of parent training programs. Re-search on Social Work Practice, 16: 251–262.
38. Miller-Perrin CL, Perrin RD (2013). Child Maltreatment, An Introduction. 3 rd edn. SAGE Publications.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 50 No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5078 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Abused child Risk factors Family Romania | ||
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How to Cite
1.
BUHAȘ CL, JUDEA-PUSTA C, BUHAȘ BA, BUNGAU S, JUDEA AS, SAVA C, POPA VC, CIOCA G, TIT DM. Physical, Psychological and Sexual Abuse of the Minor in the Families from the Northwestern Region of Romania- Social and Medical Forensics. Iran J Public Health. 2020;50(1):121-129.
