Global View of HIV Prevalence in Prisons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
,
Abstract
Background: We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of HIV, as well as cross-countries comparison in people who are in prison.
Methods: We systematically assessed published studies reporting HIV prevalence among prisoners in the world. We searched international datasets banks, including PubMed, SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and ISI web of science along with local databases and included original articles reporting data on the prevalence of HIV from 1980 to 2017.
Results: We included 72 studies that reported HIV prevalence for 2,275,930 adult male and female prisoners. The pooled estimate of HIV prevalence was 3.4% (95% CI 3.2%-3.6%); however, the prevalence of HIV across individual studies varied considerably (ranging from 0 in Bosnia and Herzegovina to More than 20% in Iran, Zambia, Spain) and statistical heterogeneity was substantial (I2=0.99, Q=121; P<0.0001). The prevalence of HIV among prisoners in the continents Asia, Africa, North America and Europe was estimated as 3.0% (95% CI 3.3%-4.3 %), 6% (95% CI -0.0%–2.0%), 4% (95% CI 3.0%-4.0%), 5.0% (95% CI 0.0%–11%), respectively.
Conclusion: Protecting prisoners’ health protects general public health. Successful HIV preventive measures in prisons include provision of HIV education and information; clean needles and syringes; drug treatment; and condoms. Governments have a moral and ethical obligation to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in prisons and to provide compassionate care, treatment and support for those infected.
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3. Gańczak, Maria, and Zbigniew Szych (2017). HBV, HCV, and HIV infection prevalence among prison staff in the light of occupational risk factors. Medycyna Pracy, 68.4: 507-516.
4. Cropsey KL, Wexler HK, Melnick G et al (2007). Specialized Prisons and Services: Results From a National Survey. Prison J, 87:58-85.
5. Hanass-Hancock J, Chappell P, Myezwa H et al (2016). Committing to disability inclusion to end AIDS by 2030. Lancet HIV, 3(12):e556-e557.
6. Roberts JM, Redman CW (1993). Pre-eclampsia: more than pregnancy-induced hypertension. Lancet, 341(8858):1447-51.
7. Aggarwal A, Arora U, Nagpal N (2005). Seroprevalence of HIV in central jail inmates of Amritsar. Indian J Community Med, 30(4):2.
8. Altice FL, Marinovich A, Khoshnood K et al (2005). Correlates of HIV infection among incarcerated women: implications for improving detection of HIV infection. J Urban Health, 82(2):312-26.
9. Altice FL, Mostashari F, Selwyn PA et al (1998). Predictors of HIV infection among newly sentenced male prisoners. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol,18(5):444-53.
10. Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sablon E, Martinez-Garcia S, Estrada-Martínez S (2005). Hepatitis virus and HIV infections in inmates of a state correctional facility in Mexico. Epidemiol Infect, 133(4):679-85.
11. Andrinopoulos K, Kerrigan D, Figueroa J et al (2010). Establishment of an HIV/sexually transmitted disease programme and prevalence of infection among incarcerated men in Jamaica. Int J STD AIDS, 21(2):114-9.
12. Andrus JK, Fleming DW, Knox C et al (1989). HIV testing in prisoners: is mandatory testing mandatory? Am J Public Health, 79(7):840-2.
13. Azbel L, Polonsky M, Wegman M et al (2016). Intersecting epidemics of HIV, HCV, and syphilis among soon-to-be released prisoners in Kyrgyzstan: implications for prevention and treatment. Int J Drug Policy, 37:9-20.
14. Ba K, Keita M, Fall-Malick F et al (2015). Enquête comportementale et sérologique sur le VIH/sida chez les détenus à Nouakchott (Mauritanie). Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 108(3):208-12.
15. Baillargeon J, Pulvino JS, Leonardson JE (2017). The changing epidemiology of HIV in the criminal justice system. Int J STD AIDS;28(13):1335-40.
16. Baqi S, Nabi N, Hasan SN et al (1998). HIV antibody seroprevalence and associated risk factors in sex workers, drug users, and prisoners in Sindh, Pakistan. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 18(1):73-9.
17. Behnaz K, Abdollah A, Fateme F, Mohammadreza R (2007). Prevalence and risk factors of HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections in drug addicts among Gorgan prisoners. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(2):252-4.
18. Behrendt C, Kendig N, Dambita C et al (1994). Voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a prison population with a high prevalence of HIV. Am J Epidemiol, 139(9):918-26.
19. Belaunzarán-Zamudio PF, Mosqueda-Gomez JL, Macias-Hernandez A et al (2017). Risk factors for prevalent hepatitis C virus-infection among inmates in a state prison system in Mexico. PloS One, 12(6):e0179931.
20. Carreto-Vélez MA, Carrada-Bravo T, Martínez-Magdaleno A (2003). Seroprevalencia de VHB, VHC y VIH en donadores de sangre en Irapuato, México. salud pública de méxico, 45(S5):690-3.
21. Control CfD (2008). Boibehavioural survey on HIV/AIDS among Khoozestan prisoners. Ministry of Health.
22. Control CfD (2008). Study of the prevalence of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Clamidia Trachomatis, Syphilis and HIV in Kerman prisoners. Ministry of Health.
23. Control CfD (2008). Boibehavioural survey on HIV/AIDS among Kermanshah prisoners. Ministry of Health.
24. Davoodian P, Dadvand H, Mahoori K (2009). Prevalence of selected sexually and blood-borne infections in Injecting drug abuser inmates of bandar abbas and roodan correction facilities, Iran, 2002. Braz J Infect Dis, 13(5):356-8.
25. Dufour A, Alary M, Poulin C et al (1996). Prevalence and risk behaviours for HIV infection among inmates of a provincial prison in Quebec City. AIDS, 10(9):1009-15.
26. Edwards A, Curtis S, Sherrard J (1999). Survey of risk behaviour and HIV prevalence in an English prison. Int J STD AIDS, 10(7):464-6.
27. El Ghrari K, Terrab Z, Benchikhi H (2007). Prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection in female prisoners in Morocco. East Mediterr Health J, 13(4):774-9.
28. Farhoudi B, Montevalian A, Motamedi M et al (2003). Human immunodeficiency virus and HIV-associated tuberculosis infection and their risk factors in injecting drug users in prison in Iran. Tehran: Iran Ministry of Health.
29. Feng MC, Feng JY, Chen YH et al (2012). Prevalence and knowledge of sexual transmitted infections, drug abuse, and AIDS among male inmates in a Taiwan prison. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 28(12):660-6.
30. Ferrer-Castro V, Crespo-Leiro M, Garcia-Marcos L et al (2012). Evaluation of needle exchange program at Pereiro de Aguiar prison (Ourense, Spain): ten years of experience. Rev Esp Sanid Penit, 14(1):3-11.
31. Ford PM, White C, Kaufmann H et al (1995). Voluntary anonymous linked study of the prevalence of HIV infection and hepatitis C among inmates in a Canadian federal penitentiary for women. CMAJ, 153(11):1605.
32. Ghanbarzadeh N, Nadjafi-Semnani M (2006). A study of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female prisoners in Birjand. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, 13(3):9-15.
33. Haghdoost AA, Mirzazadeh A, Shokoohi M et al (2013). HIV trend among Iranian prisoners in 1990s and 2000s; analysis of aggregated data from HIV sentinel sero-surveys. Harm Reduct J, 10:32.
34. Hankins CA, Gendron S, Handley M et al (1994). HIV infection among women in prison: an assessment of risk factors using a nonnominal methodology. Am J Public Health, 84(10):1637-40.
35. Hoxie N, Chen MH, Prieve A et al (1998). HIV seroprevalence among male prison inmates in the Wisconsin Correctional System. WMJ, 97(5):28-31.
36. Hoxie NJ, Vergeront JM, Frisby HR et al (1990). HIV seroprevalence and the acceptance of voluntary HIV testing among newly incarcerated male prison inmates in Wisconsin. Am J Public Health, 80(9):1129-31.
37. Ilami O, Sarkari B, Khosravani A et al (2012). HIV seroprevalence among high-risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province, Southwest of Iran, a behavioral surveillance survey. AIDS Behav, 16(1):86-90.
38. Diah Ayu N.H (2010), HIV and Syphilis Prevalence and Risk Behaviour Survey Among Prisoners in Prisons and Detention Centres in Indonesia. Theisis. Indonesia.
39. Kassira EN, Bauserman RL, Tomoyasu N et al (2001). HIV and AIDS surveillance among inmates in Maryland prisons. J Urban Health, 78(2):256-63.
40. Kazerooni A, Joolaei H, Parsa N (2010). Knowledge and attitude of male intravenous drug users on HIV/AIDS associated high risk behaviors in Shiraz Pir-Banon jail, Fars Province, Southern Iran. IRCMJ, 334-6.
41. Khamispoor G, Tahmasebi R (1999). Prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in high risk groups of Bushehr province (Farsi). Iran South Med J, 1:59-3.
42. Khani M, Vakili MM (2003). Prevalence and risk factors of HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections in drug addicts among Zanjan prisoners. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE, 6(1):1-4.
43. Klein SJ, O'Connell DA, Devore BS, Wright LN, Birkhead GS (2002). Building an HIV continuum for inmates: New York State's criminal justice initiative. AIDS Educ Prev, 14(5 Supplement B):114-23.
44. Poorasl AM, Vahidi R, Fakhari A et al (2007). Substance abuse in Iranian high school students. Addict Behav, 32(3):622-7.
45. Laith A, Francisca A, Iris S et al (2010). Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (Appendix A). Washington: The World Bank.
46. Macalino GE, Vlahov D, Sanford-Colby S et al (2004). Prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among males in Rhode Island prisons. Am J Public Health, 94(7):1218-23.
47. Madani TA, Al-Mazrou YY, Al-Jeffri MH, Al Huzaim NS (2004). Epidemiology of the human immunodeficiency virus in Saudi Arabia; 18-year surveillance results and prevention from an Islamic perspective. BMC Infect Dis, 4:25.
48. Maggard KR, Hatwiinda S, Harris JB et al (2015). Screening for tuberculosis and testing for human immunodeficiency virus in Zambian prisons. Bull World Health Organ, 93(2):93-101.
49. Maruschak L (2009). HIV in prisons -W, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Report no. 228307.
50. Maruschak L (2006). HIV in prisons W, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Report no. 213897.
51. McCusker J, Willis G, McDonald M et al (1996). Community-wide HIV counselling and testing in central Massachusetts: who is retested and does their behavior change? J Community Health, 21(1):11-22.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48 No 2 (2019) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i2.816 | |
| Keywords | ||
| HIV Global Systematic review Meta-analysis Prevalence Prisoners | ||
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How to Cite
1.
SAYYAH M, RAHIM F, KAYEDANI GA, SHIRBANDI K, SAKI-MALEHI A. Global View of HIV Prevalence in Prisons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(2):217-226.
