The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis, Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma among Adults of Tehran
-
Raheleh SHOKOUHI SHOORMASTI
,
Zahra POURPAK
,
Mohammad Reza FAZLOLLAHI
,
Anoshirvan KAZEMNEJAD
,
Fatemeh NADALI
,
Zahra EBADI
,
Behnoosh TAYEBI
,
Majid MOSLEMI
,
Akram KARIMI
,
Shahnaz VALMOHAMMADI
,
Amir Masoud NAZEMI
,
Adriano MARI
,
Mostafa MOIN
Abstract
Background: Alteration of environmental factors and air pollution affects the trend of allergic diseases especially in cities such as Tehran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma among adults in the capital city of Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between 2013 and 2016 in Tehran, Iran. The participants were adults between 18 and 45 yr of age. A specific questionnaire including demographic data and clinical symptoms was filled out by a trained interviewer. The diagnosis of allergic diseases was performed based on standard questionnaires and criteria.
Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis were 28.3%, 15.9%, 7.6% and 3.9%, respectively. Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis together were reported in 12.3% of the participants. Among patients with asthma, 47.4% had AR. Additionally, 25.7% of atopic dermatitis subjects were reported to have asthma. The subjects with at least one of these allergic diseases were 36.3%. Women showed a higher prevalence of allergic symptoms than men. There was a significant relationship between allergic symptoms and family history of atopic diseases.
Conclusion: The most common allergic disease was allergic rhinitis. Regarding the comorbidity of asthma and allergic rhinitis, paying more attention to controlling these allergic diseases is deemed necessary.
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30. Osman M, Hansell AL, Simpson CR et al (2007). Gender-specific presentations for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in primary care. Prim Care Respir J, 16(1):28-35.
31. Leynaert B, Sunyer J, Garcia-Esteban R et al (2012). Gender differences in prevalence, diagnosis and incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma: a population-based cohort. Thorax, 67(7): 625-31.
32. D'Amato G, Liccardi G, D'Amato M, Holgate S (2005). Environmental risk factors and allergic bronchial asthma. Clin Exp Allergy, 35(9): 1113-24.
2. Pawankar R, Canonica G, Holgate S, Lockey R (2011). World Allergy Organization (WAO) white book on allergy. Wisconsin: World Allergy Organisation. http://www.worldallergy.org/UserFiles/file/WAO-White-Book-on-Allergy_web.pdf
3. Panzer PC, van Cauvenberg P, Bousquet J (2010). [Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) addresses the epidemic of allergy and asthma]. Cas Lek Cesk, 149(1):32-7.
4. Pawankar R, Bunnag C, Khaltaev N, Bousquet J (2012). Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma in Asia Pacific and the ARIA Update 2008. World Allergy Organ J, 5(Suppl 3): S212-7.
5. Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY et al (2015). Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis executive summary. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 152(2): 197-206.
6. To T, Stanojevic S, Moores G et al (2012). Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC Public Health,12:204.
7. D'Amato G, Baena-Cagnani CE, Cecchi L et al (2013). Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases. Multidiscip Respir Med,8(1):12.
8. Huang SK, Zhang Q, Qiu Z, Chung KF (2015). Mechanistic impact of outdoor air pollution on asthma and allergic diseases. J Thorac Dis,7(1):23-33.
9. Naddafi K, Hassanvand MS, Yunesian M et al (2012). Health impact assessment of air pollution in megacity of Tehran, Iran. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng ,9(1):28.
10. Tazesh B, Shaabani A, Fazlollahi MR et al (2013). Prevalence of asthma symptoms and smoking behavior among 20-44 years old adults in Tehran: A telephone survey. Health, 5(3): 469-474.
11. Varasteh AR, Fereidouni M, Shakeri MT et al (2009). Prevalence of allergic disorders among the population in the city of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. J Public Health, 17(2): 107-12.
12. Rahimi-Rad MH, Gaderi-Pakdel F, Salari-Lak S (2008). Smoking and asthma in 20-44-year-old adults in Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J, 14(1):6-16.
13. Kilpelainen M, Terho EO, Helenius H, Koskenvuo M (2001). Validation of a new questionnaire on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and conjunctivitis in young adults. Allergy, 56(5):377-84.
14. European Community Respiratory Health Survey. http://www.ecrhs.org/Quests.htm
15. Williams HC, Burney PG, Hay RJ et al (1994). The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol, 131(3):383-96.
16. Sistek D, Tschopp JM, Schindler C et al (2001). Clinical diagnosis of current asthma: predictive value of respiratory symptoms in the SAPALDIA study. Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. Eur Respir J, 17(2): 214-9.
17. Park HJ, Kim EJ, Yoon D et al (2017). Prevalence of Self-reported Allergic Diseases and IgE Levels: A 2010 KNHANES Analysis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res, 9(4): 329-39.
18. Fazlollahi MR, Souzanchi G, Nourizadeh M et al (2017). The prevalence of allergic Rhinitis and its realtionship with second hand tobacco smoke among adults of Iran. Acta Med Iran, 55(11):712-717.
19. de Marco R, Cappa V, Accordini S et al (2012). Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010. Eur Respir J, 39(4): 883-92.
20. Cingi C, Topuz B, Songu M et al (2010). Prevalence of allergic rhinitis among the adult population in Turkey. Acta Otolaryngol, 130(5): 600-6.
21. Mahboub B, Al-Hammadi S, Prakash VP et al (2014). Prevalence and triggers of allergic rhinitis in the United Arab Emirates. World Allergy Organ J, 7(1):19.
22. Ronmark EP, Ekerljung L, Mincheva R et al (2016). Different risk factor patterns for adult asthma, rhinitis and eczema: results from West Sweden Asthma Study. Clin Transl Allergy,6:28.
23. Leonardi A, Castegnaro A, Valerio AL, Lazzarini D (2015). Epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis: clinical appearance and treatment patterns in a population-based study. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 15(5): 482-8.
24. Greiner AN, Hellings PW, Rotiroti G, Scadding GK (2011). Allergic rhinitis. Lancet, 378(9809): 2112-22.
25. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D et al (2012). Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis,16(9): 1270-7.
26. Manfreda J, Becklake MR, Sears MR et al (2001). Prevalence of asthma symptoms among adults aged 20-44 years in Canada. CMAJ, 164(7): 995-1001.
27. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz A et al (2008). Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008. Allergy, 63 Suppl 86:8-160.
28. Dennis RJ, Caraballo L, Garcia E et al (2012). Prevalence of asthma and other allergic conditions in Colombia 2009-2010: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med, 12:17.
29. Harrop J, Chinn S, Verlato G et al (2007). Eczema, atopy and allergen exposure in adults: a population-based study. Clin Exp Allergy,37(4): 526-35.
30. Osman M, Hansell AL, Simpson CR et al (2007). Gender-specific presentations for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in primary care. Prim Care Respir J, 16(1):28-35.
31. Leynaert B, Sunyer J, Garcia-Esteban R et al (2012). Gender differences in prevalence, diagnosis and incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma: a population-based cohort. Thorax, 67(7): 625-31.
32. D'Amato G, Liccardi G, D'Amato M, Holgate S (2005). Environmental risk factors and allergic bronchial asthma. Clin Exp Allergy, 35(9): 1113-24.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 47 No 11 (2018) | |
| Section | Short Communication(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Prevalence Allergic rhinitis Allergic conjunctivitis Atopic dermatitis Asthma | ||
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How to Cite
1.
SHOKOUHI SHOORMASTI R, POURPAK Z, FAZLOLLAHI MR, KAZEMNEJAD A, NADALI F, EBADI Z, TAYEBI B, MOSLEMI M, KARIMI A, VALMOHAMMADI S, NAZEMI AM, MARI A, MOIN M. The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis, Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma among Adults of Tehran. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(11):1749-1755.
