Investigation of Visceral Leishmaniasis among 192 Dog Carcasses Killed by Road Accidents in Khorasan Razavi, North-eastern Iran during 2014-2016
-
Elham MOGHADDAS
,
Abdolmajid FATA
,
Mehdi ZAREAN
,
Majid DERAKHSHANI
,
Mahdi FAKHAR
,
Seyed Aliakbar SHAMSIAN
Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), so-called Kala-azar is a life threating parasitic infectious disease caused by Leishmania spp. L. infantum is the main causative agent for Mediterranean form of Kala-azar which is endemic in northeastern Iran. This study attempted to investigate existence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Khorasan Razavi.
Methods: Between 2014 and 2016, tissue samples collected from spleen and liver of 192 stray dogs were examined to investigate existence of L. infantum. Kinetoplast DNA (k-DNA) PCR was performed to identify the species of parasites. The positive PCR products were sequenced in both directions to confirm the kDNA PCR results
Results: Among samples obtained from 192 dogs, kinetoplast DNA of L. infantum was detected in two female dogs. L. infantum was confirmed by sequence analysis of PCR products.
Conclusion: Our data confirm stray dogs play as potential reservoirs for VL in this province. Further investigation will be necessary to clear role of stray dogs in the transmission of L. infantum to human and domestic dogs.
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2. Zarean M, Maraghi S, Hajjaran H et al (2015). Comparison of Proteome Profiling of Two Sensitive and Resistant Field Iranian Isolates of Leishmania major to Glucantime. Iran J Parasitol, 10(1):19-29.
3. Podaliri Vulpiani M, Iannetti L, Paganico D et al (2011). Methods of control of the Leishmania infantum dog reservoir: state of the art. Vet Med Int, 2011: 215964.
4. Kavarizadeh F, Khademvatan S, Vazirianzadeh B et al (2017). Molecular characterization of Leishmania parasites isolated from sandflies species of a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Musiyan south west Iran. J Parasit Dis, 41(1):274-281.
5. Vazirianzadeh B, Saki J, Jahanifard E et al (2013). Isolation and Identification of Leishmania Species From Sandflies and Rodents Collected From Roffaye District, Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 6(6):e10025.
6. Faulde M, Schrader J, Heyl G et al (2008). Differences in transmission seasons as an epidemiological tool for characterization of anthroponotic and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Afghanistan. Acta Trop, 105(2):131-138.
7. Organization WHO (2009). Leishmaniasis: background information. A brief history of the disease.
8. Fakhar M, Rahmati B (2011). Visceral leishmaniasis in Mazandaran Province and review on its current situationin in Iran. J Babol Univ Med Sci, 13(2): 68-75.
9. Rassi Y, Kaverizadeh F, Javadian E et al (2004). First report on natural promastigote infection of Phlebotomus caucasicus in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in North West of Iran. Iran J Public Health, 33(4):70-72.
10. Mahmoudvand H, Mohebali M, Sharifi I et al (2011). Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Baft district, Kerman Province, Southeast of Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 6(1): 1-11.
11. Mohebali M, Hamzavi Y, Edrissian GH et al (2001). Seroepidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis among humans and animal reservoirs in Bushehr province, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J, 7(6): 912-7.
12. Hosseininasab A, Sharifi I, Mohammad Hossein D et al (2014). Causes of pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 9(4):584-587.
13. Mohammadiha A, Haghighi A, Mohebali M et al (2013). Canine visceral leishmaniasis: a comparative study of real-time PCR, conventional PCR, and direct agglutination on sera for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection. Vet Parasitol, 192(1-3):83-90.
14. Sabzevari S, Razmi G, Naghibi A et al (2016). A study of visceral leishmaniasis in owned dogs with dermal lesions in Mashhad area, Khorasan Razavi province. Vet Res Forum, 7(1): 55-61.
15. Mohebali M, Arzamani K, Zarei Z et al (2016). Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Wild Canines (Fox, Jackal, and Wolf) in Northeastern Iran Using Parasitological, Serological, and Molecular Methods. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 10(4):538-545.
16. Motazedian H, Karamian M, Noyes H et al (2002). DNA extraction and amplification of Leishmania from archived, Giemsa-stained slides, for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by PCR. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 96(1):31-34.
17. Fakhar M, Motazedian M, Hatam G et al (2008). Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania infantum: possible reservoirs for Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 102(7):577-583.
18. Fakhar M, Kia AA, Gohardehi S et al (2014). Emergence of a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in Golestan Province, north-eastern of Iran. J Parasit Dis, 38(3):255-259.
19. Quinnell RJ ,Courtenay O (2009). Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology, 136(14): 1915-1934.
20. Tesh RB (1995). Control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis: is it time to change strategies? Am J Trop Med Hyg, 52(3):287-292.
21. Moshfe A, Mohebali M, Edrissian G et al (2009). Canine visceral leishmaniasis: asymptomatic infected dogs as a source of L. infantum infection. Acta Trop, 112(2):101-105.
22. Cota G, de Sousa M, Demarqui F et al (2012). The Diagnostic Accuracy of Serologic and Molecular Methods for Detecting Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6(5): e1665.
23. Hajjarana H, Mohebalia M, Abaeic MR et al (2013). Natural infection and phylogenetic classification of Leishmania spp. infecting Rhombomys opimus, a primary reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 107: 550 – 557.
24. Mohebali M, Edrissian GH, Shirzadi MR et al (2011). An observational study on the current distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical zones of Iran and implication to health policy. Travel Med Infect Dis, 9(2): 67-74.
25. Mohebali M (2013). Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: review of the epidemiological and clinical features. Iran J Parasitol, 8(3):348-58.
26. Fata A (2002). Evaluation of Kala- azar patients referred to Mashhad university hospital during 15 years. Med J Mashhad Uni Med Sci, 45(75):41-51.
27. Keramati MR, Khooei A, Aelami MH (2013). Visceral leishmaniasis with massive hematemesis and peripheral blood involvement. Clin Lab, 59(3-4):425-427.
28. Rakhshanpour A, Mohebali M, Akhondi B et al (2014). Serological Survey and Associated Risk Factors of Visceral Leish-maniasis in Qom Province, Central Iran. Iran J Public Health, 43(1):50-5.
29. Mohebali M, Edrissian G, Nadim A et al (2006). Application of direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis and seroepide-miological studies of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 1(1): 15-25.
30. Mohebali M, Malmasi A, Hajjaran H et al (2011). Disseminated leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in a puppy from Karaj, Central Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 6(2): 69-73.
31. de Andrade HM, Reis AB, dos Santos SL et al (2006). Use of PCR–RFLP to identify Leishmania species in naturally-infected dogs. Vet Parasitol, 140(3-4):231-238.
32. Fakhar M, Motazedian MH, Asgari Q et al (2012). Asymptomatic domestic dogs are carriers of Leishmania infantum: possible reservoirs host for human visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Comp Clin Pathol, 21(5): 801-807.
33. Laurenti MD, Rossi CN, da Matta VLR et al (2013). Asymptomatic dogs are highly competent to transmit Leishmania infantum chagasi to the natural vector. Vet Parasitol, 196(3-4):296-300.
34. Hatam GR, Adnani SJ, Asgari Q et al (2010). First report of natural infection in cats with Leishmania infantum in Iran. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 10(3):313-316.
35. Sarkari B, Hatam G, Adnani S et al (2009). Seroprevalence of feline leishmaniasis in areas of Iran where Leishmania infantum is endemic. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 103(3):275-7.
36. Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Hamzavi Y et al (2005). Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Vet Parasitol, 129(3-4):243-251.
37. Fatollahzadeh M, Khanmohammadi M, Bazmani A et al (2016). Survey of feline visceral leishmaniasis in Azarshahr area, north west of Iran. J Parasit Dis, 40(3):683-7.
38. Dorbadam SM, Akhlaghi L, Akhondi B et al (2014). Evaluation of Leishmania infantum in cat by PCR-RFLP in an endemic region of visceral leishmaniasis in meshkin-shahr, Iran. J Gen Microb Immun, (2014): 1-7.
2. Zarean M, Maraghi S, Hajjaran H et al (2015). Comparison of Proteome Profiling of Two Sensitive and Resistant Field Iranian Isolates of Leishmania major to Glucantime. Iran J Parasitol, 10(1):19-29.
3. Podaliri Vulpiani M, Iannetti L, Paganico D et al (2011). Methods of control of the Leishmania infantum dog reservoir: state of the art. Vet Med Int, 2011: 215964.
4. Kavarizadeh F, Khademvatan S, Vazirianzadeh B et al (2017). Molecular characterization of Leishmania parasites isolated from sandflies species of a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Musiyan south west Iran. J Parasit Dis, 41(1):274-281.
5. Vazirianzadeh B, Saki J, Jahanifard E et al (2013). Isolation and Identification of Leishmania Species From Sandflies and Rodents Collected From Roffaye District, Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 6(6):e10025.
6. Faulde M, Schrader J, Heyl G et al (2008). Differences in transmission seasons as an epidemiological tool for characterization of anthroponotic and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Afghanistan. Acta Trop, 105(2):131-138.
7. Organization WHO (2009). Leishmaniasis: background information. A brief history of the disease.
8. Fakhar M, Rahmati B (2011). Visceral leishmaniasis in Mazandaran Province and review on its current situationin in Iran. J Babol Univ Med Sci, 13(2): 68-75.
9. Rassi Y, Kaverizadeh F, Javadian E et al (2004). First report on natural promastigote infection of Phlebotomus caucasicus in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in North West of Iran. Iran J Public Health, 33(4):70-72.
10. Mahmoudvand H, Mohebali M, Sharifi I et al (2011). Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Baft district, Kerman Province, Southeast of Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 6(1): 1-11.
11. Mohebali M, Hamzavi Y, Edrissian GH et al (2001). Seroepidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis among humans and animal reservoirs in Bushehr province, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J, 7(6): 912-7.
12. Hosseininasab A, Sharifi I, Mohammad Hossein D et al (2014). Causes of pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 9(4):584-587.
13. Mohammadiha A, Haghighi A, Mohebali M et al (2013). Canine visceral leishmaniasis: a comparative study of real-time PCR, conventional PCR, and direct agglutination on sera for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection. Vet Parasitol, 192(1-3):83-90.
14. Sabzevari S, Razmi G, Naghibi A et al (2016). A study of visceral leishmaniasis in owned dogs with dermal lesions in Mashhad area, Khorasan Razavi province. Vet Res Forum, 7(1): 55-61.
15. Mohebali M, Arzamani K, Zarei Z et al (2016). Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Wild Canines (Fox, Jackal, and Wolf) in Northeastern Iran Using Parasitological, Serological, and Molecular Methods. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 10(4):538-545.
16. Motazedian H, Karamian M, Noyes H et al (2002). DNA extraction and amplification of Leishmania from archived, Giemsa-stained slides, for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by PCR. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 96(1):31-34.
17. Fakhar M, Motazedian M, Hatam G et al (2008). Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania infantum: possible reservoirs for Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 102(7):577-583.
18. Fakhar M, Kia AA, Gohardehi S et al (2014). Emergence of a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in Golestan Province, north-eastern of Iran. J Parasit Dis, 38(3):255-259.
19. Quinnell RJ ,Courtenay O (2009). Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology, 136(14): 1915-1934.
20. Tesh RB (1995). Control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis: is it time to change strategies? Am J Trop Med Hyg, 52(3):287-292.
21. Moshfe A, Mohebali M, Edrissian G et al (2009). Canine visceral leishmaniasis: asymptomatic infected dogs as a source of L. infantum infection. Acta Trop, 112(2):101-105.
22. Cota G, de Sousa M, Demarqui F et al (2012). The Diagnostic Accuracy of Serologic and Molecular Methods for Detecting Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6(5): e1665.
23. Hajjarana H, Mohebalia M, Abaeic MR et al (2013). Natural infection and phylogenetic classification of Leishmania spp. infecting Rhombomys opimus, a primary reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 107: 550 – 557.
24. Mohebali M, Edrissian GH, Shirzadi MR et al (2011). An observational study on the current distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical zones of Iran and implication to health policy. Travel Med Infect Dis, 9(2): 67-74.
25. Mohebali M (2013). Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: review of the epidemiological and clinical features. Iran J Parasitol, 8(3):348-58.
26. Fata A (2002). Evaluation of Kala- azar patients referred to Mashhad university hospital during 15 years. Med J Mashhad Uni Med Sci, 45(75):41-51.
27. Keramati MR, Khooei A, Aelami MH (2013). Visceral leishmaniasis with massive hematemesis and peripheral blood involvement. Clin Lab, 59(3-4):425-427.
28. Rakhshanpour A, Mohebali M, Akhondi B et al (2014). Serological Survey and Associated Risk Factors of Visceral Leish-maniasis in Qom Province, Central Iran. Iran J Public Health, 43(1):50-5.
29. Mohebali M, Edrissian G, Nadim A et al (2006). Application of direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis and seroepide-miological studies of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 1(1): 15-25.
30. Mohebali M, Malmasi A, Hajjaran H et al (2011). Disseminated leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in a puppy from Karaj, Central Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 6(2): 69-73.
31. de Andrade HM, Reis AB, dos Santos SL et al (2006). Use of PCR–RFLP to identify Leishmania species in naturally-infected dogs. Vet Parasitol, 140(3-4):231-238.
32. Fakhar M, Motazedian MH, Asgari Q et al (2012). Asymptomatic domestic dogs are carriers of Leishmania infantum: possible reservoirs host for human visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Comp Clin Pathol, 21(5): 801-807.
33. Laurenti MD, Rossi CN, da Matta VLR et al (2013). Asymptomatic dogs are highly competent to transmit Leishmania infantum chagasi to the natural vector. Vet Parasitol, 196(3-4):296-300.
34. Hatam GR, Adnani SJ, Asgari Q et al (2010). First report of natural infection in cats with Leishmania infantum in Iran. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 10(3):313-316.
35. Sarkari B, Hatam G, Adnani S et al (2009). Seroprevalence of feline leishmaniasis in areas of Iran where Leishmania infantum is endemic. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 103(3):275-7.
36. Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Hamzavi Y et al (2005). Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Vet Parasitol, 129(3-4):243-251.
37. Fatollahzadeh M, Khanmohammadi M, Bazmani A et al (2016). Survey of feline visceral leishmaniasis in Azarshahr area, north west of Iran. J Parasit Dis, 40(3):683-7.
38. Dorbadam SM, Akhlaghi L, Akhondi B et al (2014). Evaluation of Leishmania infantum in cat by PCR-RFLP in an endemic region of visceral leishmaniasis in meshkin-shahr, Iran. J Gen Microb Immun, (2014): 1-7.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 47 No 11 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Leishmania infantum Dogs kDNA PCR Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
MOGHADDAS E, FATA A, ZAREAN M, DERAKHSHANI M, FAKHAR M, SHAMSIAN SA. Investigation of Visceral Leishmaniasis among 192 Dog Carcasses Killed by Road Accidents in Khorasan Razavi, North-eastern Iran during 2014-2016. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(11):1742-1748.
