The Estimation of Economic Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Iran
Abstract
Background: One of the major causes of liver-related mortality and morbidity is Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. It is also one of the reasons behinds of chronic liver disease and related complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This autoimmune liver disease imposes a high economic burden on individuals and the society. This study aimed to estimate burden of HCV in Iran.
Methods: Overall, 200 patients with HCV infection, referred to hospitals in three cities of Tehran, Karaj and Tabriz, Iran during year 2015, were randomly enrolled. To estimate the total burden of hepatitis, direct and indirect costs, costs of DALYs and social welfare were calculated.
Results: Economic burden of HCV infection was obtained 26242.8 purchasing power parity (PPP$). Intangible costs of HCV was calculated 207421.6 PPP$.
Conclusion: Total direct costs of HCV for each patient are more than household consumption expenditure. Therefore, it is a reasonable policy to control and increase insurance coverage of HCV patients in order to decrease their costs.
2. Organization WH ( accessed April 2014). Guidelines for the screening, care, and treatmentofpersonswithhepatitisCinfection. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/111747/1/9789241548755_eng.pdf
3. Lynch SM, Wu GY (2016). Hepatitis C Virus: A Review of Treatment Guidelines, Cost-effectiveness, and Access to Therapy. J Clin Transl Hepatol, 4:310–19.
4. Alavian S (2011). New globally faces of hepatitis B and C in the world. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 4:171-74.
5. Kalantari H, Jalali M (2003). Ten-year study of histological variations of liver and laboratory findings in 100 healthy hepatitis B Carriers. J Isfahan Med Sch, 67:32-4.
6. European Association for Study of Liver (2015). EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2015. J Hepatol, 63:199-236.
7. Alter M (2007). Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol, 13:2436-41.
8. Kim WR (2002). Global epidemiology and burden of hepatitis C. Microbes Infect, 4:1219–25.
9. Williams A (1999). Calculating the global burden of disease: time for a strategic reappraisal? Health Econ, 8:1-8.
10. Murray C, Lopez A (1996). The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. ed. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press
11. Murray CJ, Acharya AK (1997). Understanding DALYs (disability-adjusted life years). J Health Econ, 16:703-30.
12. Murray C, Salomon J, Mathers C (2002). A critical examination of summary measures of population health. In: Summary measures of population health: concepts, ethics, measurement, and applications. Geneva: World Health Organization. ed.
13. Ashtari s, Vahedi M, Pourhoseingholi MA et al (2012). Estimation of average diagnosis and treatment costs of hepatitis C. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 5:139-45.
14. Estes C, Abdel-Kareem M, Abdel-Razek W et al (2015). Economic burden of hepatitis C in Egypt: the future impact of highly effective therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 42:696-706.
15. Wong J, McQuillan GM, McHutchison JG, Poynard T (2000). Estimating future hepatitis C morbidity, mortality, and costs in the United States. Am J Public Health, 90:1562-9.
16. Aggarwal R, Chen Q, Goel A et al (2017). Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment using generic direct-acting antivirals available in India. PLoS One, 12:e0176503.
17. Murray CJ, Lopez AD (1994). Quantifying disability: data, methods and results. Bull World Health Organ, 72: 481-94.
18. Kanwal F, Farid M, Martin P et al (2006). Treatment alternatives for hepatitis B cirrhosis: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Gastroenterol, 101:2076-89.
19. Lee W (1997). Hepatitis B virus infection. N Eng1 J Med, 337:1733-45.
20. Touzet S, Kraemer L, Colin C et al (2000). Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection seven European Union countries: a critical analysis of a litreature. HENCORE Group. Hepatitis C European Network for Co-operative Resarch. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12:667-78.
21. Wyles DL (2010). Moving beyond interferon alfa: investigational drugs for hepatitis C virus infection. Top HIV Med, 18:132-6.
22. Lopez A, Mathers C, Ezzati M, Jamison D (2006). Global burden of disease and risk factors. Washington: Oxford University Press and the World Bank.
23. Gaunt ER, Harvala H, McIntyre C et al (2011). Disease burden of the most commonly detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients calculated using the disability adjusted life year (DALY) model. J Clin Virol, 52:215-21.
24. Mathers CD, Vos ET, Stevenson CE, Begg SJ (2001). The burden of disease and injury in Australia. Bull World Health Organ 79:1076-84
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 47 No 10 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hepatitis C, Economic burden of disease, Direct and indirect costs, DALYs, Iran | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
