The Relationship between Risk Levels of Breast Cancer and Use of Early Diagnosis and Screening Services in Healthcare Workers in Turkey
,
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting early diagnosis and screening behaviors of healthcare workers concerning breast cancer and the breast cancer risk levels using the risk identification model and to evaluate the relationship between breast cancer risk levels and early diagnosis and screening behaviors.
Methods: Overall, 466 healthcare workers from Balikesir Province, Turkey participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected thanks to a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Cuzick-Tyrer model was utilized to determine breast cancer risk levels.
Results: 78.1% of the healthcare workers regularly perform breast self-examination (BSE), 11.6% had clinical breast examination (CBE), 7.7% had breast ultrasound scan and 4.5% had mammography. BSE behavior increased, as education level got higher. Mammography screening behavior increased in those aged 40 yr and older and those with breast or ovarian cancer history in their family. There was not any relationship between breast cancer risk levels and early diagnosis and screening behaviors.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and screening behaviors of healthcare workers were low concerning breast cancer. Age, education level and family history are the most prominent factors affecting early diagnosis and screening behaviors of healthcare workers. Informing healthcare workers on breast cancer risk factors and screening can make positive contributions to them and the public through them.
WHO (2012). GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx
Turkish Ministry of Health (2015). Turkey cancer control programme. Turkish Ministry of Health Publication, Ankara.
Miller A (2010). Early diagnosis and screening in cancer control. In: Cancer control, ed. Elwood JM, Sutcliffe SB. Oxford University Press, pp. 63-77.
World Health Organization International Agency For Research On Cancer (2002). IARC Handbooks of cancer prevention volume 7 breast cancer screening. IARC Press Lyon, France.
Moss SM, Wale C, Smith R et al (2015). Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality in the UK age trial at 17 years’ follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol, 16:1123-1132.
Byrne SK (2017). What's the buzz: Tell me what's happening in breast cancer screening. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs,(4) 2:122–126.
Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (2017). AWHONN position statement: Breast cancer screening. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 46:797-798.
Loud JT, Murphy J (2017). Cancer screening and early detection in the 21st Century. Seminars in Oncolology Nursing, 33(2):121-128.
Himes DO, Root AE, Gammon A, Luthy KE (2016). Breast cancer risk sssessment: Calculating lifetime risk using the Tyrer-Cuzick Model. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(9):581-592.
International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS) (2010). IBIS Breast cancer risk evaluation tool. Available from: (http://www.ems-trials.org/riskevaluator/
Lee SY (2015). Cultural factors associated with breast and cervical cancer screening in Korean American Women in the US: An integrative literature review. Asian Nursing Research, 9:81-90.
Yüksel S, Altun Uğraş G, Çavdar İ et al (2017). A risk assessment comparison of breast cancer and factors affected to risk perception of women in Turkey: A cross-sectional study. Iran J Public Health, 46(3):308-317.
Kim JI, Oh KO, Li CY et al (2011). Breast cancer screening practice and health-promoting behavior among Chinese Women. Asian Nursing Research, 5:157-163.
Bulut A, Bulut A (2017). Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of primary health care nurses and midwives in breast cancer early diagnosis applications. Breast Cancer-Targets and Therapy, 9:163-169.
Uncu F, Bilgin N (2011). Kknowledge, attitude and behavior of midwives and nurses working in primary health services on breast cancer early diagnosis practices. The Journal of Breast Health, 7(3):167-175.
Seah M, Tan SM (2007). Am I breast cancer smart? Assessing breast cancer knowledge among healthcare professionals. Singapore Med J, 48(2):158-162.
Moraes DC, Almeida AM, Figueiredo EN et al (2016). Opportunistic screening actions for breast cancer performed by nurses working in primary health care. Rev Esc Enferm USP, 50(1):14-21.
Wu TY, Chen SL (2017). Breast cancer screening practices and related health beliefs among Taiwanese nurses. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs, 4:104-111.
Yavan T, Akyüz A , Tosun N, İyigün E. (2010). Women's breast cancer risk perception and attitudes toward screening tests. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 28(2):189-201.
Özçam H, Çimen G, Uzunçakmak C et al (2014). Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of female health workers about breast cancer, cervical cancer, and routine screening tests. Istanbul Med J, 15:154-60. (In Turkish)
Özdemir Ö, Bilgili N (2010). Knowledge and practices of nurses working in an education hospital on early diagnosis of breast and cervix cancers. TAF Prev Med Bull, 9(6):605-612. (In Turkish)
Melo FBB, Marques CAV, Rosa AS et al (2017). Actions of nurses in early detection of breast cancer. Rev Bras Enferm, 70(6):1119-1128.
Abdel-Aziz SB, AminTT, Al-Gadeeb MB et al (2017). Perceived barriers to breast cancer screening among Saudi Women at primary care setting. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,18(9): 2409-2417.
Hallowell BD, Perin DMP, Simoes EJ et al (2018). Breast cancer related perceptions and practices of health professionals working in Brazil's network of primary care units. Preventive Medicine, 106:216-223.
Nicholls R, Perry L, Gallagher R et al (2017). The personal cancer screening behaviours of nurses and midwives. J Adv Nurs, 73(6):1403-1420.
Son H, Kang Y (2017). Breast cancer screening among shift workers: a nationwide population-based survey in Korea. Int J Occup Environ Health, 23(2):94-97.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 49 No 7 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3582 | |
| PMCID | PMC7548488 | |
| PMID | 33083295 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Healthcare workers Breast cancer Mammography Breast cancer screening Breast self-examination | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
