Comparing Behavioral-Emotional Difficulties in Siblings of Children with and without Sensory Impairments
Abstract
Background: Siblings of children with disabilities are the most likely family members to be affected by the child's disability due to the long-lasting nature of relationships between siblings compared to those of other family members. The aim of the present study was to compare the emotional-behavioral difficulties (EBD) in siblings of children with and without Sensory Impairments (SI).
Methods: The statistical population of this causal-comparative research included all siblings of children with and without SI in Shiraz, southern Iran in 2016. The sample consisted of ninety-one siblings of children with (38) and without (53) SI in Shiraz. Sample of siblings of children with SI was recruited by purposeful sampling and sample of siblings of children without sensory impairments were selected through a multistage random sampling method. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was utilized for measuring EBD. Two way ANOVA and MANOVA tests were used for data analyses.
Results: Total EBD and two subscales of EBD (emotional problems and peer relationship problems) in siblings of children with SI were significantly greater than the comparison group (P<0.001). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the two subscales (conduct problems, and hyperactivity) between these two groups.
Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence that siblings of children with SI are significantly at a higher risk of psychological problems, and accordingly we suggest for the related supports and services.
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23. Goodman R (1997). The Strengths and Dif-ficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38(5): 581-586.
24. Pike A, Coldwell J, Dunn JF (2005). Sibling relationships in early/middle childhood: links with individual adjustment. J Fam Psychol, 19(4): 523-532.
25. Goodman R (2001). Psychometric proper-ties of the strengths and difficulties ques-tionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychia-try, 40(11): 1337-1345.
26. McHugh M (2003). Special siblings: Growing up with someone with a disability. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
27. Waite-Jones JM, Madill A (2008). Amplified ambivalence: Having a sibling with juve-nile idiopathic arthritis. Psychol Health, 23(4): 477-492.
28. Floyd FJ, Purcell SE, Richardson SS, Kuper-smidt JB (2009). Sibling relationship quali-ty and social functioning of children and adolescents with intellectual disability. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 114(2): 110-127.
29. Meyer KA, Ingersoll B, Hambrick DZ (2011). Factors influencing adjustment in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord, 5(4): 1413-1420.
30. Lizasoain O (2015). Siblings of a Child with a Serious Disease: Educational Family Guidelines for Developing the Emotional Health of This Minority Group. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(8): 56-60.
31. Lamorey S (1999). Parentification of Siblings of Children with Disability or Chronic Disease. Burdened children: Theory, research, and treat-ment of parentification. California: Sage Publi-cations.
32. Seligman M, Darling RB (2007). Ordinary families, special children: A systems ap-proach to childhood disability. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
33. Rimmerman A, Raif R (2001). Involvement with and role perception toward an adult sibling with and without mental retarda-tion. J Rehabil, 67(2): 10-15.
34. Taylor JL, Greenberg JS, Seltzer MM, Floyd FJ (2008). Siblings of adults with mild in-tellectual deficits or mental illness: differ-ential life course outcomes. J Fam Psychol, 22(6): 905-914.
35. McCaffrey M (2016). Siblings of Children and Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Dis-ability. In Health Care for People with In-tellectual and Developmental Disabilities across the Lifespan (pp. 59-67). Springer International Publishing.
36. Fuligni AJ, Tseng V, Lam M (1999). Atti-tudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child development, 70(4): 1030-44.
37. Lobato DJ (1990). Brothers and sisters and spe-cial needs: Information and activities for helping young siblings with chronic illnesses and develop-mental disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Paul Brookes.
38. Updegraff KA, McHale SM, Whiteman SD, Thayer SM, Delgado MY (2005). Adoles-cent sibling relationships in Mexican American families: exploring the role of familism. J Fam Psychol, 19(4): 512-522.
39. Neece CL, Blacher J, Baker BL (2010). Im-pact on siblings of children with intellec-tual disability: The role of child behavior problems. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 115(4): 291-306.
40. Fillery G (2000). Deafness between siblings: barrier or bond? Part Two: case studies. Deaf Worlds, 16(2): 39-48.
41. Miller Brotman L, Kiely Gouley K, O'Neal C, Klein RG (2004). Preschool-aged sib-lings of adjudicated youths: Multiple risk factors for conduct problems. Early Educ Dev, 5(4): 387-406.
42. Brassett-Harknett A, Butler N (2007). Atten-tion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview of the etiology and a review of the literature relating to the correlates and lifecourse outcomes for men and wom-en. Clin Psychol Rev, 27(2): 188-210.
2. Meyer D, Vadasy PF (2007). Sibshops: Work-shops for siblings of children with special needs (re-vised edition ed.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
3. Myers SA, Bryant LE (2008). The use of be-havioral indicators of sibling commit-ment among emerging adults. J Fam Commun, 8(2): 101-125.
4. Hancock L (2011). The camp experience for siblings of pediatric cancer patients. J Pe-diatr Oncol Nurs, 28(3):137-42.
5. Houtzager BA, Grootenhuis MA, Caron HN, Last BF (2004). Quality of life and psychological adaptation in siblings of paediatric cancer patients, 2 years after di-agnosis. Psychooncology, 13(8): 499–511.
6. Besier T, Hölling H, Schlack R, West C, Goldbeck L (2010). Impact of a family‐oriented rehabilitation programme on behavioural and emotional problems in healthy siblings of chronically ill children. Child Care Health Dev, 36(5): 686-695.
7. Burke P (2009). Brothers and sisters of dis-abled children: the experience of disability by association. Br J Soc Work, 40(6):1681-99.
8. Russell CL, Russell CM, Russell ME (2003). We're here Too!. Exceptional Parent, 33(6): 36-39.
9. Kilmer RP, Cook JR, Munsell EP, Salvador SK (2010). Factors associated with posi-tive adjustment in siblings of children with severe emotional disturbance: the role of family resources and community life. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 80(4): 473-481.
10. McCullough K, Simon SR (2011). Feeling heard: A support group for siblings of children with developmental disabilities. Soc Work Groups, 34(3-4): 320-329.
11. Orsmond GI, Seltzer MM (2009). Adoles-cent siblings of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder: Testing a diathesis-stress model of sibling well-being. J Au-tism Dev Disord, 39(7): 1053-1065.
12. Sharpe D, Rossiter L (2002). Siblings of children with a chronic illness: A meta-analysis. J Pediatr Psychol, 27(8): 699-710.
13. Summers CR, White KR, Summers M (1994). Siblings of children with a disabil-ity: A review and analysis of the empirical literature. J Soc Behav Pers,9(5): 169-184.
14. Griffith GM, Hastings RP, Petalas MA (2014). Brief report: Fathers’ and moth-ers’ ratings of behavioral and emotional problems in siblings of children with au-tism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Dis-ord, 44(5):1230-1235.
15. Hastings RP (2007). Longitudinal relation-ships between sibling behavioral adjust-ment and behavior problems of children with developmental disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord, 37(8): 1485-1492.
16. Ross P, Cuskelly M (2006). Adjustment, sib-ling problems and coping strategies of brothers and sisters of children with au-tistic spectrum disorder. J Intellect Dev Dis-abil, 31(2): 77-86.
17. Bashir A, Bashir U, Lone A, Ahmad Z (2014). Challenges faced by families of autistic children. International Journal of In-terdisciplinary Research and Innovations, 2(1): 64-68.
18. Quintero N, McIntyre LL (2010). Sibling ad-justment and maternal well-being: An ex-amination of families with and without a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl, 25(1): 37-46.
19. Cuskelly M, Gunn P (2006). Adjustment of children who have a sibling with Down syndrome: Perspectives of mothers, fa-thers and children. J Intellect Disabil Res, 50(12): 917-925.
20. Pilowsky T, Yirmiya N, Doppelt O, Gross‐Tsur V, Shalev RS (2004). Social and emotional adjustment of siblings of chil-dren with autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 45(4): 855-865.
21. Hastings RP, Petalas MA (2014). Self‐reported behaviour problems and sibling relationship quality by siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Child Care Health Dev, 40(6): 833-839.
22. Tomeny TS, Barry TD, Bader SH (2012). Are typically-developing siblings of chil-dren with an autism spectrum disorder at risk for behavioral, emotional, and social maladjustment? Res Autism Spectr Disord, 6(1): 508-518.
23. Goodman R (1997). The Strengths and Dif-ficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38(5): 581-586.
24. Pike A, Coldwell J, Dunn JF (2005). Sibling relationships in early/middle childhood: links with individual adjustment. J Fam Psychol, 19(4): 523-532.
25. Goodman R (2001). Psychometric proper-ties of the strengths and difficulties ques-tionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychia-try, 40(11): 1337-1345.
26. McHugh M (2003). Special siblings: Growing up with someone with a disability. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
27. Waite-Jones JM, Madill A (2008). Amplified ambivalence: Having a sibling with juve-nile idiopathic arthritis. Psychol Health, 23(4): 477-492.
28. Floyd FJ, Purcell SE, Richardson SS, Kuper-smidt JB (2009). Sibling relationship quali-ty and social functioning of children and adolescents with intellectual disability. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 114(2): 110-127.
29. Meyer KA, Ingersoll B, Hambrick DZ (2011). Factors influencing adjustment in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord, 5(4): 1413-1420.
30. Lizasoain O (2015). Siblings of a Child with a Serious Disease: Educational Family Guidelines for Developing the Emotional Health of This Minority Group. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(8): 56-60.
31. Lamorey S (1999). Parentification of Siblings of Children with Disability or Chronic Disease. Burdened children: Theory, research, and treat-ment of parentification. California: Sage Publi-cations.
32. Seligman M, Darling RB (2007). Ordinary families, special children: A systems ap-proach to childhood disability. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
33. Rimmerman A, Raif R (2001). Involvement with and role perception toward an adult sibling with and without mental retarda-tion. J Rehabil, 67(2): 10-15.
34. Taylor JL, Greenberg JS, Seltzer MM, Floyd FJ (2008). Siblings of adults with mild in-tellectual deficits or mental illness: differ-ential life course outcomes. J Fam Psychol, 22(6): 905-914.
35. McCaffrey M (2016). Siblings of Children and Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Dis-ability. In Health Care for People with In-tellectual and Developmental Disabilities across the Lifespan (pp. 59-67). Springer International Publishing.
36. Fuligni AJ, Tseng V, Lam M (1999). Atti-tudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child development, 70(4): 1030-44.
37. Lobato DJ (1990). Brothers and sisters and spe-cial needs: Information and activities for helping young siblings with chronic illnesses and develop-mental disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Paul Brookes.
38. Updegraff KA, McHale SM, Whiteman SD, Thayer SM, Delgado MY (2005). Adoles-cent sibling relationships in Mexican American families: exploring the role of familism. J Fam Psychol, 19(4): 512-522.
39. Neece CL, Blacher J, Baker BL (2010). Im-pact on siblings of children with intellec-tual disability: The role of child behavior problems. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 115(4): 291-306.
40. Fillery G (2000). Deafness between siblings: barrier or bond? Part Two: case studies. Deaf Worlds, 16(2): 39-48.
41. Miller Brotman L, Kiely Gouley K, O'Neal C, Klein RG (2004). Preschool-aged sib-lings of adjudicated youths: Multiple risk factors for conduct problems. Early Educ Dev, 5(4): 387-406.
42. Brassett-Harknett A, Butler N (2007). Atten-tion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview of the etiology and a review of the literature relating to the correlates and lifecourse outcomes for men and wom-en. Clin Psychol Rev, 27(2): 188-210.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48 No 3 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i3.896 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Emotional/behavioral difficulties Siblings Children Sensory impairments | ||
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How to Cite
1.
SHOJAEE S, ALIZADEH H. Comparing Behavioral-Emotional Difficulties in Siblings of Children with and without Sensory Impairments. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(3):516-524.
