Epidemiological Survey of Human Dermatophytosis due to Zoophilic Species in Tehran, Iran
,
Abstract
Background: Dermatophytosis is known as one of the most frequent cutaneous infections that lead to public health problems to human and animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of human dermatophytosis due to zoophilic species in Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2015.
Methods: Overall, 3989 patients with clinically suspected fungal infections were studied. Samples of skin, hair, and nails were examined by direct examination and culture. Direct microscopic examination was performed by KOH 15% for skin, KOH and DMSO for nail clippings and lactophenol for hair. Specimens were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and mycobiotic agar.
Results: Of 3989 patients, 755 (19%) suffered from dermatophytosis. Out of isolated dermatophytes, 716 (94.8%) anthropophilic, 35 (4.6%) zoophilic and 4 (0.5%) were geophilic species. Among of 35 patients with zoophilic dermatophyte infections, 65.7% were female. The most common type of zoophilic dermatophytosis according to anatomical areas was tinea manuum (34.3%) followed by tinea faciei (22.9%), tinea pedis (20%). Trichophyton verrucosum (57.1%) was the most commonly causative agents of zoophilic dermatophyte infections followed by Microsporum canis (42.9%).
Conclusion: Our study showed epidemiological trends in the etiology of the agents causing dermatophytosis have changed in Tehran. Although the prevalence of zoophilic species declined in recent years, due to the tendency of most people to change lifestyles and increased urbanization, promotion of public health care and identification of new preventive and therapeutic strategies are necessary.
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2. Filipello Marchisio V, Preve L, Tullio V (1996). Fungi responsible for skin my-coses in Turin (Italy). Mycoses, 39 (3-4): 141–150.
3. Weitzman I, Chin NX, Kunjukunju N, Del-la-Latta P (1998). A survey of dermato-phytes isolated from human patients in the United States from 1993 to 1995. J Am Acad Dermatol, 39(2 Pt 1):255-61.
4. Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER et al (1996). Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: tinea cor-poris, tinea cruris, tinea faciei, tinea manuum, and tinea pedis. Guide-lines/Outcomes Committee. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol, 34(2 Pt 1):282-6.
5. Kasai T (2001). Epidemiological Investiga-tion Committee for Human Mycoses in the Japanese Society for Medical Mycolo-gy. 1997 Epidemiological survey of der-matophytoses in Japan. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 42(1):11-8.
6. Padhye AA, Summerbell RC. The dermato-phytes. In: Merz WG, Hay 1 RJ (eds) (2005). Topley and Wilson’s Microbiolo-gy and Microbial Infections: Medical Mycol-ogy, 10th ed. London: Hodder Arnold: pp: 220– 243.
7. Male O (1990). The significance of mycolo-gy in medicine. In: Hawksworth DL, ed. Frontiers in Mycology, Wallingford: CAB International. pp: 131–156.
8. Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE (1992). Medi-cal mycology USA. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
9. A meen M (2010). Epidemiology of superfi-cial fungal infections. Clin Dermatol, 28(2):197-201.
10. Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M (2008). Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Mycoses, 51 Suppl 4:2-15.
11. Macura AB (1993). Dermatophyte infec-tions. Int J Dermatol, 32: 313–323.
12. Badillet G (1977). Population parisienne et dermatophytes transmis par les animaux. Bulletin Societé Française. Mycologie Medi-cale, 6:109-114.
13. Dvoretzky I, Semah D, Sommer B, Fisher BK (1978). Microsporum canis infection: first epidemic in Israel. Sabouraudia, 16(1):79-81.
14. Chadegani M, Momeni A, Shadzi S, Javaheri MA (1987). A study of dermatophytoses in Esfahan. Mycopathologia, 98(2):101-4.
15. Omidynia E, Farshchian M, Sadjjadi M et al (1996). A study of dermatophytoses in Hamadan, the government ship of West Iran. Mycopathologia, 133:9-13.
16. Chadeganipour M, Shadzi S, Dehghan P, Movahed M (1997). Prevalence and aeti-ology of dermatophytoses in Isfahan, Iran. Mycoses, 40(7-8):321-4.
17. Chadeganipour M, Mohammadi R, Shadzi S (2016). A 10-Year Study of Dermatophy-toses in Isfahan, Iran. J Clin Lab Anal, 30(2):103-7.
18. Hashemi SJ, Salami AA, Hashemi SM (2005). An Epidemiological Study of Human Dermatophytosis in Karaj (2001). Arch Razi Ins, 60: 45-54.
19. Falahati M, Akhlaghi L, Lari AR, Ala-ghehbandan R (2003). Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in an area south of Tehran, Iran. Mycopathologia, 156(4):279-87.
20. Eftekharjo Y, Balal A, Taghavi M et al (2015). Epidemiology and prevalence of superficial fungal infections among dor-mitory students in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Mycology Research, 2: 49-54.
21. Zamani S, Sadeghi G, Yazdinia F et al (2016). Epidemiological trends of derma-tophytosis in Tehran, Iran: A five-year retrospective study. J Mycol Med, 26(4):351-358.
22. Ansari S, Hedayati MT, Zomorodian K et al (2016). Molecular Characterization and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of 316 Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes in Iran. Mycopathologia, 181(1-2):89-95.
23. Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Rafiei A, Makimura K et al (2016). Epidemiological Aspects of Dermatophytosis in Khuzestan, south-western Iran, an Update. Mycopathologia, 181(7-8):547-53.
24. Naseri A, Fata A, Najafzadeh MJ, Shokri H (2013). Surveillance of dermatophytosis in northeast of Iran (Mashhad) and review of published studies. Mycopathologia, 176(3-4):247-53.
25. deHoog GS, Gene H, Figueras MJ (2001). Atlas of clinical fungi. Utrecht: Amer So-ciety for Microbiology Press.
26. Mahmoudabadi AZ (2005). A study of der-matophytosis in South West of Iran (Ahwaz). Mycopathologia, 160(1):21-4.
27. Khosravi AR, Aghamirian MR, Mahmoudi M (1994). Dermatophytoses in Iran. My-coses, 37:43-8.
28. Dolenc-Voljc M (2005). Dermatophyte in-fections in the Ljubljana region, Slovenia, 1995–2002. Mycoses, 48: 181-6.
29. Maraki S, Nioti E, Mantadakis E, Tselentis Y (2007). A 7-year survey of dermatophy-toses in Crete, Greece. Mycoses, 50: 481-4.
30. Valdigem GL, Pereira T, Macedo C, et al (2006). A twenty-year survey of dermato-phytoses in Braga, Portugal. Int J Dermatol, 45: 822-7.
31. Neji S, Makni F, Cheikhrouhou F, et al (2009). Epidemiology of dermatophyto-ses in Sfax, Tunisia. Mycoses, 52: 534-8.
32. Drakensjö IT, Chryssanthou E (2011). Epi-demiology of dermatophyte infections in Stockholm, Sweden: a retrospective study from 2005-2009. Med Mycol, 49:484-8.
33. Ayetollahi-Mosavi A, Safizadeh H, Hadiza-deh S (2012). (Epidemiology of dermato-phytosis in patients referred to the medi-cal mycology laboratory of Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine in Kerman in 2007-2011). J Dermatol Cosmetic, 3(2): 114-23. (In Persian).
34. Sadeghi G, Abouei M, Alirezaee M et al (2011). A 4-year survey of dermatomy-coses in Tehran from 2006 to 2009. J My-col Med, 21(4):260-5.
35. Zarei Mahmoudabadi A (1997). A survey 382 suspected patients with tinea capitis (Ahwaz). Sci Med J, 22: 45–52.
36. Rafiei A, Emmami M, Moghadami M et al (1992). Cutaneous mycosis in Khuzestan province. Sci Med J, 14: 22–34.
37. Yazdanfar A (1996). Study of superficial and cutaneous mycosis in Hamadan Cina Hospital. Sci Med J, 2: 32-40.
38. Bassiri Jahromi S, Khaksar AA (2006). Ae-tiological agents of tinea capitis in Tehran (Iran). Mycoses, 49(1):65–7.
39. Bassiri-Jahromi S, Khaksari AA (2009). Epi-demiological survey of dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran, from 2000 to 2005. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 75(2):142–7.
40. Chan YC, Friedlander SF (2004). Therapeu-tic options in the treatment of tinea capi-tis. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 5(2):219-27.
41. Yahyaraeyat R, Shokri H, Khosravi A R et al (2009). Occurrence of animal’s dermato-phytosis in Tehran, Iran. World J Zool, 4 (3): 200-204.
42. Nejad SB, Khodaeiani E, Amirnia M (2007). A study of dermatophytosis infections in dermatology clinic of Sina hospital Ta-briz. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 46(1):21–5.
2. Filipello Marchisio V, Preve L, Tullio V (1996). Fungi responsible for skin my-coses in Turin (Italy). Mycoses, 39 (3-4): 141–150.
3. Weitzman I, Chin NX, Kunjukunju N, Del-la-Latta P (1998). A survey of dermato-phytes isolated from human patients in the United States from 1993 to 1995. J Am Acad Dermatol, 39(2 Pt 1):255-61.
4. Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER et al (1996). Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: tinea cor-poris, tinea cruris, tinea faciei, tinea manuum, and tinea pedis. Guide-lines/Outcomes Committee. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol, 34(2 Pt 1):282-6.
5. Kasai T (2001). Epidemiological Investiga-tion Committee for Human Mycoses in the Japanese Society for Medical Mycolo-gy. 1997 Epidemiological survey of der-matophytoses in Japan. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 42(1):11-8.
6. Padhye AA, Summerbell RC. The dermato-phytes. In: Merz WG, Hay 1 RJ (eds) (2005). Topley and Wilson’s Microbiolo-gy and Microbial Infections: Medical Mycol-ogy, 10th ed. London: Hodder Arnold: pp: 220– 243.
7. Male O (1990). The significance of mycolo-gy in medicine. In: Hawksworth DL, ed. Frontiers in Mycology, Wallingford: CAB International. pp: 131–156.
8. Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE (1992). Medi-cal mycology USA. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
9. A meen M (2010). Epidemiology of superfi-cial fungal infections. Clin Dermatol, 28(2):197-201.
10. Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M (2008). Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Mycoses, 51 Suppl 4:2-15.
11. Macura AB (1993). Dermatophyte infec-tions. Int J Dermatol, 32: 313–323.
12. Badillet G (1977). Population parisienne et dermatophytes transmis par les animaux. Bulletin Societé Française. Mycologie Medi-cale, 6:109-114.
13. Dvoretzky I, Semah D, Sommer B, Fisher BK (1978). Microsporum canis infection: first epidemic in Israel. Sabouraudia, 16(1):79-81.
14. Chadegani M, Momeni A, Shadzi S, Javaheri MA (1987). A study of dermatophytoses in Esfahan. Mycopathologia, 98(2):101-4.
15. Omidynia E, Farshchian M, Sadjjadi M et al (1996). A study of dermatophytoses in Hamadan, the government ship of West Iran. Mycopathologia, 133:9-13.
16. Chadeganipour M, Shadzi S, Dehghan P, Movahed M (1997). Prevalence and aeti-ology of dermatophytoses in Isfahan, Iran. Mycoses, 40(7-8):321-4.
17. Chadeganipour M, Mohammadi R, Shadzi S (2016). A 10-Year Study of Dermatophy-toses in Isfahan, Iran. J Clin Lab Anal, 30(2):103-7.
18. Hashemi SJ, Salami AA, Hashemi SM (2005). An Epidemiological Study of Human Dermatophytosis in Karaj (2001). Arch Razi Ins, 60: 45-54.
19. Falahati M, Akhlaghi L, Lari AR, Ala-ghehbandan R (2003). Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in an area south of Tehran, Iran. Mycopathologia, 156(4):279-87.
20. Eftekharjo Y, Balal A, Taghavi M et al (2015). Epidemiology and prevalence of superficial fungal infections among dor-mitory students in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Mycology Research, 2: 49-54.
21. Zamani S, Sadeghi G, Yazdinia F et al (2016). Epidemiological trends of derma-tophytosis in Tehran, Iran: A five-year retrospective study. J Mycol Med, 26(4):351-358.
22. Ansari S, Hedayati MT, Zomorodian K et al (2016). Molecular Characterization and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of 316 Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes in Iran. Mycopathologia, 181(1-2):89-95.
23. Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Rafiei A, Makimura K et al (2016). Epidemiological Aspects of Dermatophytosis in Khuzestan, south-western Iran, an Update. Mycopathologia, 181(7-8):547-53.
24. Naseri A, Fata A, Najafzadeh MJ, Shokri H (2013). Surveillance of dermatophytosis in northeast of Iran (Mashhad) and review of published studies. Mycopathologia, 176(3-4):247-53.
25. deHoog GS, Gene H, Figueras MJ (2001). Atlas of clinical fungi. Utrecht: Amer So-ciety for Microbiology Press.
26. Mahmoudabadi AZ (2005). A study of der-matophytosis in South West of Iran (Ahwaz). Mycopathologia, 160(1):21-4.
27. Khosravi AR, Aghamirian MR, Mahmoudi M (1994). Dermatophytoses in Iran. My-coses, 37:43-8.
28. Dolenc-Voljc M (2005). Dermatophyte in-fections in the Ljubljana region, Slovenia, 1995–2002. Mycoses, 48: 181-6.
29. Maraki S, Nioti E, Mantadakis E, Tselentis Y (2007). A 7-year survey of dermatophy-toses in Crete, Greece. Mycoses, 50: 481-4.
30. Valdigem GL, Pereira T, Macedo C, et al (2006). A twenty-year survey of dermato-phytoses in Braga, Portugal. Int J Dermatol, 45: 822-7.
31. Neji S, Makni F, Cheikhrouhou F, et al (2009). Epidemiology of dermatophyto-ses in Sfax, Tunisia. Mycoses, 52: 534-8.
32. Drakensjö IT, Chryssanthou E (2011). Epi-demiology of dermatophyte infections in Stockholm, Sweden: a retrospective study from 2005-2009. Med Mycol, 49:484-8.
33. Ayetollahi-Mosavi A, Safizadeh H, Hadiza-deh S (2012). (Epidemiology of dermato-phytosis in patients referred to the medi-cal mycology laboratory of Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine in Kerman in 2007-2011). J Dermatol Cosmetic, 3(2): 114-23. (In Persian).
34. Sadeghi G, Abouei M, Alirezaee M et al (2011). A 4-year survey of dermatomy-coses in Tehran from 2006 to 2009. J My-col Med, 21(4):260-5.
35. Zarei Mahmoudabadi A (1997). A survey 382 suspected patients with tinea capitis (Ahwaz). Sci Med J, 22: 45–52.
36. Rafiei A, Emmami M, Moghadami M et al (1992). Cutaneous mycosis in Khuzestan province. Sci Med J, 14: 22–34.
37. Yazdanfar A (1996). Study of superficial and cutaneous mycosis in Hamadan Cina Hospital. Sci Med J, 2: 32-40.
38. Bassiri Jahromi S, Khaksar AA (2006). Ae-tiological agents of tinea capitis in Tehran (Iran). Mycoses, 49(1):65–7.
39. Bassiri-Jahromi S, Khaksari AA (2009). Epi-demiological survey of dermatophytosis in Tehran, Iran, from 2000 to 2005. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 75(2):142–7.
40. Chan YC, Friedlander SF (2004). Therapeu-tic options in the treatment of tinea capi-tis. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 5(2):219-27.
41. Yahyaraeyat R, Shokri H, Khosravi A R et al (2009). Occurrence of animal’s dermato-phytosis in Tehran, Iran. World J Zool, 4 (3): 200-204.
42. Nejad SB, Khodaeiani E, Amirnia M (2007). A study of dermatophytosis infections in dermatology clinic of Sina hospital Ta-briz. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 46(1):21–5.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 47 No 12 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Dermatophytosis Dermatophyte Zoophilic species Anthropophilic species Trichophyton verrucosum Microsporum Canis | ||
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How to Cite
1.
HASSANZADEH RAD B, HASHEMI SJ, FARASATINASAB M, ATIGHI J. Epidemiological Survey of Human Dermatophytosis due to Zoophilic Species in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(12):1930-1936.
