Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 123 132 Weiwei Sun Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Xiaolei Song Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, ShenZhen 518104, China Xiaoxia Wang Department of Gynecology, Shandong Changle People’s Hospital, Weifang 262400, China Kuimei Zhang Department of Gynecology, Shandong Changle People’s Hospital, Weifang 262400, China Gladys Mae R. Laborde Adventist University of the Philippines, Cavite 4118, Philippines Kim Kwang Cheol Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea Mei Wang Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Wenming Cao Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Nan Jiang Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, ShenZhen 518104, China 2025 05 12 2025 09 30 Background: Reproductive health issues significantly impact female college students in China, yet comprehensive data on gynecological disorders and health education needs remain limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, sociodemographic determinants, and health education preferences in this population. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted across 12 provinces from October 2024 to August 2025, including 2,318 female students recruited through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via a validated electronic questionnaire covering demographics, reproductive health status, and education participation. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable regression. Results: High prevalence rates were found for dysmenorrhea (66.18%), irregular menstruation (58.07%), vaginitis (47.89%), premenstrual syndrome (42.19%), and breast disease (36.76%). Significant disparities were identified by education level, residence, and academic major. Rural students showed higher rates of dysmenorrhea (72.62% vs. 59.07%) and irregular menstruation (67.19% vs. 48.00%) than urban students. Although 49.44% had participated in health education, 28.86% had never attended. Students expressed strong preferences for STD prevention (64.32%) and sexual health education (62.25%), with online platforms being the primary information source (34.12%). Over 75% requested free consultations and regular checkups. Conclusion: Chinese female college students face a high burden of gynecological conditions, with notable sociodemographic disparities. Targeted, digital health education initiatives addressing vulnerable subgroups are urgently needed to improve reproductive health outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39077 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39077/8752

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 1 13 EN Jeehye Jun Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Choa Sung Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA Chang Park Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA 2025 06 02 2025 10 19 Background: Patients with acute and chronic conditions often experience multiple symptoms known as symptom clusters. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is widely used to assess health status across various conditions, but its suitability for identifying symptom clusters remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the internal consistency reliability of PROMIS tools used to measure symptom clusters in adults through a systematic review and a reliability generalization meta-analysis. Methods: We searched four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Embase) for relevant articles published through December 31, 2024, including studies that measured symptom clusters in adults using at least one PROMIS measure. Meta-regression using a random effects model was performed to assess study heterogeneity, and funnel plots were employed to evaluate publication bias. Results: The systematic review included 24 studies of 27,982 subjects with or without diseases in community, inpatient, and outpatient settings. Twenty PROMIS domains were used for symptom cluster research, and anxiety and depression were the most frequently used domains. In our reliability generalization meta-analysis of four studies, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated good internal consistency reliability across five PROMIS domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbance), with an average reliability of 0.91. Conclusion: PROMIS measures may be reliable for assessing symptom clusters in adults and could serve as valuable tools for researchers and clinicians in patient assessment and symptom management. Nevertheless, future research should rigorously examine the reliability and validity of PROMIS tools in this context. Trial Registration Information: CRD42022373953 (PROSPERO). https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39381 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39381/8742

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 173 174 Nader Aghakhani Department of Research and Development, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Béatrice Marianne Ewalds-Kvist 1. Division of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 2. Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Roghaieh Azimzadeh Department of Medical Surgery Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2025 05 29 2025 07 17 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39328 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39328/8757

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 133 142 Chengyue Li Research Center of Sports Humanities and Social Sciences (National Sports and Fitness Research Think Tank), Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China Jixing Gu Department of Physical Education, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea 2025 06 22 2025 09 25 Background: To assess trends and distributional characteristics of forced vital capacity (FVC) and vital capacity index (VCI) (a measure of FVC adjusted for weight) among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2019. Methods: FVC and VCI data for Chinese children and adolescents were obtained from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students’ Constitution and Health surveys in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019. VCI (ml/kg) = FVC (ml)/weight (kg). Trends were estimated by sample-weighted regressions with post-stratification population-weighted procedures. The trends in the distributional characteristics were visually described. Results: For the total population, FVC improved by 78.7 ml (95% confidence interval: -203.3 to 360.7 ml) or 0.12 effect size (ES) (-0.42 to 0.66 ES), which was a negligible improvement. VCI decreased by 11.5 ml/kg (4.8 to 18.3 ml/kg) or 0.84 ES (0.34 to 1.34 ES), which was a large decrease from 1985 to 2019. The sex, residence, and age-stratified VCI both experienced significant moderate to large decreases. Stratified by period, the FVC and VCI decreased dramatically until the 21st century, and the decrease stabilized from 2000 to 2010 and thereafter improved. FVC decreased in the lower percentile and increased in the higher percentile. For the VCI, the larger the percentile was, the smaller the decrease was.  Conclusion: Absolute levels of lung function among Chinese children and adolescents have stabilized over the past three decades, but relative levels of lung function have declined significantly. The government should implement health promotion programs to improve respiratory health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39595 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39595/8753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 14 25 Mengyuan Wang Department of Pediatric Respiratory Intensive Care, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China Chengshuai Zhang Department of Neurorehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Shandong, China Hongzan Li School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China 2024 11 21 2025 07 26 Background: We aimed to examine the association between nurse work satisfaction and patient care quality. The goal was to find out key factors influencing nurse’s job satisfaction and how these qualities relate to patient care outcomes by synthesizing prior data. Methods: A literature search was conducted using four databases: PubMed, CINAHL and Embase, published from 2014 and 2023. The inclusion criteria were the impact of nurse job satisfaction on several elements of patient care quality, including safety, effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and overall health outcomes. The research quality was evaluated by established critical evaluation procedures and data were collected and synthesized utilizing standard analysis methodologies. Results: Eighteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, indicating a strong positive relationship between nurse work satisfaction and patient care quality. Organizational support, work environment, professional growth opportunities, and workload management were important factors in determining job satisfaction. Nurse’s high job satisfaction levels were consistently linked to increased patient safety, greater patient satisfaction scores, fewer medical mistakes and better overall patient health outcomes. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of nurse work satisfaction in improving patient care quality. Healthcare organizations should prioritize tactics that increase worker satisfaction, such as creating supportive work environments, giving opportunities for professional development, and guaranteeing acceptable workloads. By addressing these issues, healthcare systems can enhance patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37264 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37264/8743

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 175 176 Mohammed Aljarousha Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Mohd Zaki Awa Isa Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Emad Ibrahim Shaqoura 1. School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK 2. Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine 2025 05 14 2025 06 01 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39118 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39118/8758

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 143 150 Bashiru Garba 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 3. Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univer-sity, Sokoto, Nigeria Shukri Mohamud Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Hafida Samatar Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Najib Dirie 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Abdirahman Mohamud Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Mohamed Adam 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Jihaan Hassan 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Fartun Hassan Orey Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Hodo Asowe Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Jamal Mohamoud 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Mohamed Ahmed Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2024 05 20 2025 11 26 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25166 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25166/7902

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 862 864 Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico Sergio Estrada-Martínez Institute for Scientific Research “Dr. Roberto Rivera Damm”, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico Isabel Beristain-Garcia Faculty of Nursing, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico Agar Ramos-Nevárez Clinic of Family Medicine, Institute of Security and Social Services of the State Workers, Durango, Mexico Melina Ibarra-Segovia Faculty of Nursing, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola Clinic of Family Medicine, Institute of Security and Social Services of the State Workers, Durango, Mexico Leandro Saenz-Soto Clinic of Family Medicine, Institute of Security and Social Services of the State Workers, Durango, Mexico Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico 2021 08 11 2023 04 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25919 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25919/7920

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 722 731 Xuemei Liang The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China Yuhuan Zhao The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China Tianjiao Xu Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China Wei Wang Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang 155000, China Weidong Sun The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China Rui Wang Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China 2022 10 21 2023 01 22 Background: We aimed to explore catalpol and NF-k. The role of antidepressant and anti-inflammatory effects of b inhibitor in depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Methods: Under the guidance of Qiqihar Medical University, from January 2020 to January 2021, the weight, sucrose consumption and rest time of mice during swimming were monitored, the neurobehavioral changes of rats under CUMS were used to determine the experimental model; ELISA detection of iNOS, ROS, caspase-1, IL-1 β And IL-18 expression level; Western blotting detection of TLR4, MAPK and NF-κB expression level; LPS-induced cell model. INOS, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1 in RT-qPCR and ELISA detection models β And IL-18 expression level;the TLR4, MAPK and NF-κB level were detected by Western blotting. Results: CUMS can make rats lose weight, reduce sucrose consumption rate and prolong rest time. Catapol can enhance this effect; In the depression model, ROS, NLRP3, NF-κ B and iNOS were up-regulated Catalpol group MAPK, NF-κ Reduced expression of B and TLR4; ROS, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and iNOS protein increased. Cell model group TLR4, MAPK and NF-κ. The high protein content of B decreased in catalpol group. Conclusion: Catalpol acts as anti-depressant and anti-inflammatory molecule indepression induced by CUMS. Combination of catalpol with NF-κB inhibitor might play a role in the treatment of depression through regulating the neuroinflammation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30157 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30157/7903

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 865 867 Shahriar Dargahi Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Hossein Ghamari Kivi Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Ali Rezaei Sharif Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Alimohammad Nazari Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2021 07 10 2021 09 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25523 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25523/7921

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 732 740 Mohammed Hadjari Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria Karima Bereksi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Djilali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbès, Sidi-Bel-Abbès, Algeria 2021 12 26 2022 02 23 Background: Several studies show the relationship between chronic hyperglycemia and the appearance of macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy. The major objective of this study was to investigate the serum lipids, renal function tests and inflammatory markersin type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: The study lasted eight years between Feb-2013 and Mar-2021 (Mascara, Algeria). Overall,197 patients and 197 controls were selected during general medicine examinations;enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric colorimetric methods were used to determine the serum levels offasting glycaemia, total cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, urea, acid uric, albumin and creatinine, C protein reactive; the glomerular filtration rate is calculated according to the MDRD equation; the glycatedhaemoglobin levels were determined by an ion-exchange resin separation method. Results: Patients had 2.44 times higher fasting glycaemia, 1.71 times higher HbA1c, 1.23 times higher body mass index, 1.30 times higher waist circumference and 1.25times higher systolic blood pressure than control subjects; the findings of the present study also indicate that a significant differences between patients and controls were observed regarding triglycerides (P=0.008), LDL-cholesterol(P=0.011), HDL-cholesterol (P=0.009), urea (P=0.013), uric acid (P=0.015), creatinine (P=0.007), glomerular filtration rate (P=0.006), albumin (P=0.018),fibrinogen (P=0.023) and C protein reactive (P=0.019). Conclusion: All this metabolic disordercould facilitate the appearance of serious complications in future. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27288 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27288/7904

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 868 869 Shiva Hosseini Foladi Health Management and Economic Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohsen Poursadeghiyan Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Abbas Sheikh Aboumasoudi Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran 2021 03 23 2021 05 06 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24273 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24273/7922

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 741 746 Dengxiu Zou Nursing Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China Jie Xiong Nursing Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China Sufang Huang Nursing Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China Qi Xiao Nursing Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China 2021 08 05 2022 02 06 Background: We aimed to explore the effect of humanistic care time checklist on nursing quality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: Overall, 230 patients hospitalized in ICU of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China from June 2018 to May 2019 were included in this retrospective study . Overall, 115 patients were included in the control group. Another 115 patients were included in the observation group. The nurses communicated routinely with the patients in the control group, and communicated with the patients in the observation group according to the self-designed humanistic care time checklist. The results of the implementation of humanistic care measures were evaluated by "ICU patients' humanistic care time satisfaction questionnaire". Results: The satisfaction of humanistic care in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Communication between nurses and patients according to the requirements of humanistic care time checklist can improve patients' satisfaction with nursing care.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25802 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25802/7905

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 747 755 Bongjeong Kim Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Cheongju, Korea Jeong Min Yi Yonsei University Graduate School, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea 2021 05 05 2022 01 08 Background: Although it is recognized that social and environmental factors influence healthy eating behaviors, few studies have investigated the association between environmental factors and healthy eating among rural adults in Korea. We aimed to identify individual and neighborhood environmental factors influencing adherence to fruit and vegetable intake among adults living in rural areas using an ecological approach. Methods: The study sample comprised 1,582 adults from 38 rural areas from Chungbuk Province, South Korea in 2017 who provided individual- and neighborhood-level data. Neighborhood-level data were obtained by aggregating individual-level responses measured for each residential town resulting in an average value for each neighborhood-level variable for the 38 rural areas. The data were merged and used for a series of multilevel logistic regression analyses. Results: Among the individual-level factors, age, alcohol drinking, physical activity, self-efficacy for healthy eating, and social support for healthy eating were significantly associated with adherence to fruit and vegetable intake. Among the neighborhood-level factors, social cohesion and perceived neighborhood safety were significantly associated with adherence to fruit and vegetable intake. Conclusion: Multifaceted intervention strategies to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables should include behavioral modification, social support, and improvement of neighborhood environments.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24822 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24822/7906

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 756 765 Chao Chen Department of Anesthesia, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China Feiyu Zhu Department of Anesthesia, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China Feifan Liu Department of Anesthesia, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China Yufeng Yao Department of Anesthesia, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China Zhihong Ma Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China Shanhong Luo Department of Anesthesia, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China 2022 10 25 2022 12 26 Background: Local anesthetic lidocaine is one of the most common pain therapies, but high concentration of lidocaine induced neurotoxicity and its mechanism is unclear. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in neuronal diseases, but its role in lidocaine induced neurotoxicity remains to be elucidated. Methods: All the experiments were performed at Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China in 2022. Lidocaine was used to induce apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. Exosomes isolated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-exos) were used to co-treat SH-SY5Y cells with lidocaine. Cell apoptosis was measured using a flow cytometer. PKH-67 Dye was used for exosome uptake assay. miR-21-5p mimics/inhibitors, or negative controls were transfected with Lipo2000 to study its effect on lid-induced injury. Interactions between miR-21-5p and PDCD4 was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. Results: Administration of BMSC-exo protected SH-SY5Y cells against lidocaine induced apoptosis. Suppressing miR-21-5p dramatically enhanced PDCD4, but miR-21-5p overexpression sharply down-regulated PDCD4. Mechanism study showed that miR-21-5p bound to 3’-UTR of PDCD4 to inhibit it. Suppressing miR-21-5p reversed the effect of BMSC-exo on Lid-induced injury. Results also indicate that miR-21-5p regulated lidocaine-induced injury through targeting PDCD4. Conclusion: BMSC-exos protected SH-SY5Y cells against lidocaine induced apoptosis through miR-21-5p by targeting PDCD4, which may develop new strategy in the management of lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30161 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30161/7907

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 766 772 Mustafa Çakir Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey 2022 09 15 2022 11 12 Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of tobacco products and associated factors in Turkey based on the Turkey Health Survey 2019 data conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional research. It was conducted by utilizing the “Turkey Health Survey 2019” microdata set from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The data of 17,084 people aged 15 years and over were evaluated. Results: The study examined the data of 17,084 individuals aged ≥15 years surveyed by the TUIK. 27.2% of the participants used tobacco products every day, 3.4% used occasionally, and 54.2% never used them. Furthermore, 15.8% of the participants were exposed to secondhand smoking for ≥1 hour every day, while 7% were exposed to secondhand smoking for <1 hour every day in a closed environment. The reasons for starting to use tobacco products were friend influence for 33.4% of the participants, wannabe for 25.2%, and curiosity for 18.6%. Conclusion: More than a quarter of people aged ≥15 years in Turkey smoke every day. The frequency of using tobacco products every day, the daily number of cigarettes smoked, and the frequency of exposure to tobacco products in closed areas were higher among men.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29833 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29833/7908

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 773 779 Haiyun Hu Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, PR China Wei Ge Department of Medical Administration, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai, PR China JanTing Yan Department of Medical Administration, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai, PR China 2021 07 14 2021 10 04 Background: We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and provide recommendations for its control and prevention. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological analysis was designed for HFMD in children through direct network report from 2015 to 2019. Results: From 2015 to 2019, a total 27,395 HFMD cases were reported at Infection Clinic of Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai, China, accounting for 79.24% of the number of reported notifiable infectious disease cases (34,573). The cases number increased since May and reached a peak from June to September, then decreased from October to December with a second small peak in some years. The proportion of cases in boys is higher than in girls (59.7% vs. 40.3%). The cases number of stay-at-home children was higher in 2016 and 2018 (60.07% and 60.95%) than in 2019 (33.47%), and that of kindergarten children and students in 2019 (51.73% and 9.75%) was significantly higher than in other years. Overall, 22606 cases were reported in <5 years group, accounting for 82.52% of the total number of cases during 2015-2019. The proportion of the cases in 5-10 and >10 years groups increased year by year from 2015 to 2019, which is statistically significant. (χ2=71.105, P=0.00；χ2=78.413，P=0.00) Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics of HFMD had changed during 2015-2019. Analysis of these data can provide helpful evidence to prevention and early treatment of the HFMD, and identification severe cases and handling the outbreaks. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25578 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25578/7909

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 780 788 Lanping Guo Nursing Department, Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China Jing Lu Nursing Department, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chang-sha 410000, China Xuan Yang Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China Lina Gong Nursing Department, Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China 2022 11 21 2022 12 26 Background: We aimed to apply the intelligent pressure ulcer information management system software to hospitalized patients with pressure ulcer and to evaluate its application effect. Method: Fifty patients hospitalized in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China, a grade-A tertiary hospital from March 2021 to May 2021 were grouped into the control group. For these subjects, conventional electronic forms were used to report and manage pressure ulcer information. Another 50 patients with pressure ulcer were selected as the experimental group who were hospitalized the same hospital from June 2021 to August 2021.They were managed with Intelligent Pressure Ulcer Information Management System Software. Results: The effects of the two management methods were assessed by comparing the reporting time, the degree of pressure ulcer healing 1 week after the occurrence of pressure ulcer and after discharge, and the nurse satisfaction. The reporting time and Design-R scores 1 week after the occurrence of pressure ulcer and after discharge were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The pressure ulcer information management system makes the reporting process simple and convenient, which saves the reporting time, improves the accuracy of the pressure ulcer staging. It achieved the guidance for various stages of pressure ulcer treatment program, the use of dressing guidance, improved the accuracy of pressure ulcer treatment program, which is worthy of clinical reference.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30448 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30448/7910

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 789 796 Minsoo Jeon Department of International Sport, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea Hyosung Lim Department of Physical Education, Anyang University, Incheon, Korea Hyo-Jun Yun Center for Sports and Performance Analysis, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea Hyeri Oh Department of Physical Education, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea 2022 08 08 2022 12 18 Background: We aimed to examine the effect of ethical sensitivity on doping attitude and dispositions for Taekwondo athletes, as well as whether there was a difference depending on the athlete's career and national team status. Methods: Overall, 331 Korean adult Taekwondo athletes were enrolled. Data were collected using sports ethical sensitivity and Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) tools as the research tools. For data processing, frequency analysis was performed to confirm demographic characteristics, and the fitness index was calculated by applying the Rasch model to confirm the validity and reliability of ethical sensitivity and PEAS. An independent sample t-test was performed to confirm the difference between ethical sensitivity and doping attitude and dispositions according to demographic characteristics. Pairwise parameter comparison values ​​were used using multi-group analysis of path analysis to confirm the effect of ethical sensitivity on PEAS and the moderating effect was calculated. Results: First, according to the demographic characteristics of Taekwondo athletes, there were statistically significant differences in ethical sensitivity and PEAS only by gender. Second, as ethical sensitivity factors, both intentional behavior factors and intentional collusion factors had statistically significant effect on PEAS. Third, in the effect of ethical sensitivity on doping attitude and dispositions, there was no moderating effect of athlete experience and national representative status. Conclusion: Ethical sensitivity has a positive linear correlation with PEAS. In other words, enhancing the ethical sensitivity of sports players will enhance athletes’ ethical consciousness and prevent unethical behavior, and furthermore, doping.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29505 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29505/7911

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 797 808 Atieh Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afshin Moradi Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohmmad Esmaeil Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 09 16 2022 01 16 Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 7th most common cancer, with 239,000 new cases per year. In Iran, it is the 8th most common cancer, with an ASIR of 3.9/100,000 women. The 5-year overall survival in Iran based on previous studies is about 61% which in comparison with eastern countries has better survival. Methods: The study included patients from the Iran National Cancer Registry from 2009-2014. Several steps were taken to control data quality. This study used a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to compare OC survival rates across geographical, pathological, and other variables. All analyses were done in R (4.02) and SPSS (26), with a 0.05 P-value considered statistically significant. Results: The study enrolled 7977 cases of OC. OC's ASIR was 4.10/100,000. In epithelial and non-specific OC, ASIR was >0.5. Five-year survival was 55% and 10-year survival was 45%. Conclusion: OC is the 8th most common cancer in Iran, with lower age-specific incidence and better overall survival than East Asia and North America. In Iran, as in Eastern Europe, OC incidence correlated with reduced total fertility rate and population aging. Five and 10-year overall survival rates were 55% and 44%, respectively, higher than the West. This may be because late stage OC patients are excluded from pathology and classified as “undiagnosed” in death certificates or hospitalization files. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26303 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26303/7912

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 4 2023 04 08 809 817 Abbas Poudat 1. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Hamideh Edalat Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Morteza Zaim Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhad Rezaei Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yaser Salimabadi Department of Health Services and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Hamidreza Basseri Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 10 03 2022 01 08 Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a febrile disease and may cause a fatal neurological illness in humans. We aimed to investigate the geographic distribution of Culicinae mosquitoes and their possible infection with WNV in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. Methods: Field studies were carried out from June 2017 to May 2019. Different mosquito sampling methods were used monthly to collect mosquitoes from 22 sites. The Real-Time PCR technique was used to detect the virus infection in the mosquitoes. Results: Overall, 6165 mosquitoes were caught. The species were Culex theileri (33.25%), Cx. pipiens (20.45%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (10.51%), Aedes caspius (6.33%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (5.82%), Ae. vexans (4.10%), Cx. sinaiticus (3.62%), Cx. antennatus (3.29%), Culiseta longiareolata (2.81%), Cx. perexiguus (2.03%), Cs. subochrea (1.95%), Cx.  mimeticus (1.49%), Cx. pusillus (1.38%), Cx. univittatus (1.27%), Cx.  modestus (1.14%), and Cx.  sitiens (0.57%). The molecular detection of virus infection in mosquitoes found to be negative for WNV. Conclusion: The presence of many species of mosquito vectors and high population traffic increase the risk of disease transmission is very high. Therefore, the way to restrict WNV infection factors is increasing the knowledge for personal protection measures to prevent mosquito bites.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26468 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26468/7913

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