Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 123 132 Weiwei Sun Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Xiaolei Song Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, ShenZhen 518104, China Xiaoxia Wang Department of Gynecology, Shandong Changle People’s Hospital, Weifang 262400, China Kuimei Zhang Department of Gynecology, Shandong Changle People’s Hospital, Weifang 262400, China Gladys Mae R. Laborde Adventist University of the Philippines, Cavite 4118, Philippines Kim Kwang Cheol Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea Mei Wang Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Wenming Cao Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Nan Jiang Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, ShenZhen 518104, China 2025 05 12 2025 09 30 Background: Reproductive health issues significantly impact female college students in China, yet comprehensive data on gynecological disorders and health education needs remain limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, sociodemographic determinants, and health education preferences in this population. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted across 12 provinces from October 2024 to August 2025, including 2,318 female students recruited through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via a validated electronic questionnaire covering demographics, reproductive health status, and education participation. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable regression. Results: High prevalence rates were found for dysmenorrhea (66.18%), irregular menstruation (58.07%), vaginitis (47.89%), premenstrual syndrome (42.19%), and breast disease (36.76%). Significant disparities were identified by education level, residence, and academic major. Rural students showed higher rates of dysmenorrhea (72.62% vs. 59.07%) and irregular menstruation (67.19% vs. 48.00%) than urban students. Although 49.44% had participated in health education, 28.86% had never attended. Students expressed strong preferences for STD prevention (64.32%) and sexual health education (62.25%), with online platforms being the primary information source (34.12%). Over 75% requested free consultations and regular checkups. Conclusion: Chinese female college students face a high burden of gynecological conditions, with notable sociodemographic disparities. Targeted, digital health education initiatives addressing vulnerable subgroups are urgently needed to improve reproductive health outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39077 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39077/8752

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 1 13 EN Jeehye Jun Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Choa Sung Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA Chang Park Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA 2025 06 02 2025 10 19 Background: Patients with acute and chronic conditions often experience multiple symptoms known as symptom clusters. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is widely used to assess health status across various conditions, but its suitability for identifying symptom clusters remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the internal consistency reliability of PROMIS tools used to measure symptom clusters in adults through a systematic review and a reliability generalization meta-analysis. Methods: We searched four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Embase) for relevant articles published through December 31, 2024, including studies that measured symptom clusters in adults using at least one PROMIS measure. Meta-regression using a random effects model was performed to assess study heterogeneity, and funnel plots were employed to evaluate publication bias. Results: The systematic review included 24 studies of 27,982 subjects with or without diseases in community, inpatient, and outpatient settings. Twenty PROMIS domains were used for symptom cluster research, and anxiety and depression were the most frequently used domains. In our reliability generalization meta-analysis of four studies, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated good internal consistency reliability across five PROMIS domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbance), with an average reliability of 0.91. Conclusion: PROMIS measures may be reliable for assessing symptom clusters in adults and could serve as valuable tools for researchers and clinicians in patient assessment and symptom management. Nevertheless, future research should rigorously examine the reliability and validity of PROMIS tools in this context. Trial Registration Information: CRD42022373953 (PROSPERO). https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39381 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39381/8742

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 173 174 Nader Aghakhani Department of Research and Development, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Béatrice Marianne Ewalds-Kvist 1. Division of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 2. Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Roghaieh Azimzadeh Department of Medical Surgery Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2025 05 29 2025 07 17 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39328 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39328/8757

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 133 142 Chengyue Li Research Center of Sports Humanities and Social Sciences (National Sports and Fitness Research Think Tank), Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China Jixing Gu Department of Physical Education, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea 2025 06 22 2025 09 25 Background: To assess trends and distributional characteristics of forced vital capacity (FVC) and vital capacity index (VCI) (a measure of FVC adjusted for weight) among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2019. Methods: FVC and VCI data for Chinese children and adolescents were obtained from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students’ Constitution and Health surveys in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019. VCI (ml/kg) = FVC (ml)/weight (kg). Trends were estimated by sample-weighted regressions with post-stratification population-weighted procedures. The trends in the distributional characteristics were visually described. Results: For the total population, FVC improved by 78.7 ml (95% confidence interval: -203.3 to 360.7 ml) or 0.12 effect size (ES) (-0.42 to 0.66 ES), which was a negligible improvement. VCI decreased by 11.5 ml/kg (4.8 to 18.3 ml/kg) or 0.84 ES (0.34 to 1.34 ES), which was a large decrease from 1985 to 2019. The sex, residence, and age-stratified VCI both experienced significant moderate to large decreases. Stratified by period, the FVC and VCI decreased dramatically until the 21st century, and the decrease stabilized from 2000 to 2010 and thereafter improved. FVC decreased in the lower percentile and increased in the higher percentile. For the VCI, the larger the percentile was, the smaller the decrease was.  Conclusion: Absolute levels of lung function among Chinese children and adolescents have stabilized over the past three decades, but relative levels of lung function have declined significantly. The government should implement health promotion programs to improve respiratory health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39595 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39595/8753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 14 25 Mengyuan Wang Department of Pediatric Respiratory Intensive Care, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China Chengshuai Zhang Department of Neurorehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Shandong, China Hongzan Li School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China 2024 11 21 2025 07 26 Background: We aimed to examine the association between nurse work satisfaction and patient care quality. The goal was to find out key factors influencing nurse’s job satisfaction and how these qualities relate to patient care outcomes by synthesizing prior data. Methods: A literature search was conducted using four databases: PubMed, CINAHL and Embase, published from 2014 and 2023. The inclusion criteria were the impact of nurse job satisfaction on several elements of patient care quality, including safety, effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and overall health outcomes. The research quality was evaluated by established critical evaluation procedures and data were collected and synthesized utilizing standard analysis methodologies. Results: Eighteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, indicating a strong positive relationship between nurse work satisfaction and patient care quality. Organizational support, work environment, professional growth opportunities, and workload management were important factors in determining job satisfaction. Nurse’s high job satisfaction levels were consistently linked to increased patient safety, greater patient satisfaction scores, fewer medical mistakes and better overall patient health outcomes. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of nurse work satisfaction in improving patient care quality. Healthcare organizations should prioritize tactics that increase worker satisfaction, such as creating supportive work environments, giving opportunities for professional development, and guaranteeing acceptable workloads. By addressing these issues, healthcare systems can enhance patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37264 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37264/8743

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 175 176 Mohammed Aljarousha Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Mohd Zaki Awa Isa Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Emad Ibrahim Shaqoura 1. School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK 2. Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine 2025 05 14 2025 06 01 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39118 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39118/8758

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 143 150 Bashiru Garba 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 3. Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univer-sity, Sokoto, Nigeria Shukri Mohamud Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Hafida Samatar Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Najib Dirie 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Abdirahman Mohamud Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Mohamed Adam 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Jihaan Hassan 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Fartun Hassan Orey Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Hodo Asowe Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Jamal Mohamoud 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Mohamed Ahmed Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2024 05 20 2025 11 26 Background: Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. The infection is characterized by acute and chronic illness, that often lead to liver cirrhosis, and death. In this study, we determined the proportion of patients with hepatitis B infection in Mogadishu and evaluated their hepatitis B viral DNA. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based descriptive study was conducted between July 2022 and October 2023 to collect data from all patients sent to the Dr. Sumait Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia for hepatitis B DNA detection and viral load determination. Results: Among the 406 patients studied in a clinical setting, 54.4% tested positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The cohort predominantly consisted of males (62.8%) and individuals aged 30-39 years (32.8%). Age and sex were significantly associated with HBV positivity, with higher odds observed in older age groups with a 2.62 times higher risk of infection (95%CI=1.447-4.750) for the individuals aged between 30-39 years old, 3.19 times greater (95%CI=1.671-6.114) for those age group between 40-49 years old, and 3.13 times greater (95%CI=1.670-5.870) for those age group above 50 years. It should be noted that these findings are based on a clinical cohort and therefore may not represent the prevalence of HBV in the general population. Conclusion: This study highlights a high proportion of HBV infection among clinical patients with known or suspected HBV infection in Mogadishu, with significant associations between age, sex, and infection risk. Further population-based studies are needed to assess the true burden of HBV in the general population in Somalia.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35571 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35571/8754

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 26 39 Nik Zatul-Iffah N Mohd Nabil Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore Research Centre of Education Leadership and Policy, Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mohd Syazwan Zainal Research Centre of Education and Community Well-being, Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2025 03 12 2025 09 25 Background: Self-esteem is a pivotal yet fragile factor influencing the learning and psychosocial outcomes of students with learning disabilities (LD). Although widely discussed, evidence has been inconsistent and dispersed across cultural and methodological contexts. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases search identified 54 records from Scopus and Web of Science, of which eight studies published between 2008 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were synthesized into three domains, psychological dimensions, social support and educational interventions. Results: Findings revealed consistent psychological vulnerabilities. Students with LD reported lower academic self-concept than peers, while large-scale evidence showed overall moderate self-esteem with gender differences favoring males. Qualitative accounts from adults indicated ambivalent identities, blending positive traits such as independence with negative perceptions of anxiety and inadequacy. Social support emerged as a protective factor with friendships, parental involvement and teacher encouragement fostering resilience and buffering against stigma. Interventions demonstrated tangible benefits, educational therapy with 150 children improved self-esteem and reduced behavioral problems, while adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy enhanced emotional regulation and self-worth in adults. Conclusion: The evidence highlights the need for integrated, culturally responsive and gender-sensitive approaches that address both academic competence and psychosocial well-being. Future research should adopt larger, longitudinal and cross-cultural designs to better capture developmental trajectories across the lifespan. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38474 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38474/8744

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 177 179 Haewon Byeon Worker's Care & Digital Health Lab, Department of Future Technology, Korea University of Technology and Education (KO-REA TECH), Cheonan 31253, South Korea 2025 03 17 2025 07 17 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38534/8759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 151 161 Azam Rahimzadeh kalaleh Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Bahrambeygi Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeid Besharati Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Nomani Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zobeydeh Saeed Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 05 20 2025 10 19 Background: Air pollution is an important global public health concern with multiple consequences for the individuals with respiratory diseases. We aimed to assess the influence of air pollution variables on the hospitalization rates of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Atmospheric pollutant parameters, such as NO2, SO2, CO, O3, PM₂.₅, PM10, and AQI, from Mar 2022 to Mar 2024 were measured. The information of COPD patients was extracted from Masih Daneshvari Hospital (referral center for respiratory diseases in Tehran). The relationship among data, Relative Risk (RR), and Attributable Proportion (AP) for prolonged exposure to air pollutants during a biennial period was assessed using the Air Quality Plus (2.2.4) software. Results: March 2023 saw the highest number of hospitalizations, with an average of 4.16 cases. This was concurrent with an elevation in PM₂.₅ concentrations. Furthermore, the month of Aug 2023 exhibited a high hospitalization rate, with an average of 3.8 cases, linked to the rise in the concentration of PM₂.₅, NO2, and O3 air pollutants. The highest mean relative risks (RRs) associated with acute exacerbation of COPD were as follows: (PM10: 1.83, PM₂.₅: 1.76). Conclusion: High levels of air pollution, specially PM₂.₅, significantly worsen COPD conditions and are a main trigger for COPD exacerbation. Consequently, enforcing more stringent air quality regulations is an essential public health approach to alleviate the incidence of COPD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39189 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39189/8755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 40 52 Mi Wang Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Nianci Xiao Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Qingxiu Yao Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Mengmeng Chen Otolaryngology Department, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China Weiliu Zhu Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China 2025 03 04 2025 06 01 Background: Chronic tinnitus significantly impacts patients' quality of life, with no consensus on the long-term efficacy of different interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, literature was searched across eight databases up to November 2024. Ten randomized controlled trials were selected. A random-effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Results: Compared to control groups, TRT significantly improved THI scores (MD = -8.72, 95% CI: -16.65 to -0.79, P=0.03) and showed a trend toward improving VAS scores (MD = -2.78, 95% CI: -5.57 to 0.02, P=0.05). Heterogeneity was high (I²=90-96%), but sensitivity analysis confirmed stable results. Conclusion: TRT has a significant long-term therapeutic effect on chronic tinnitus. Future studies should increase sample sizes, standardize interventions, and optimize review processes to reduce heterogeneity and define optimal TRT strategies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38386/8745

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 180 181 Zahra Zamanian Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Vafa Feyzi Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mousa Bamir Medical Librarianship, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Salman Farahbakhsh 1. Department of Occupational Health, Instructor of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciencess, Sirjan, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz Universi-ty of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2025 12 28 2026 02 08 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/41865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/41865/8760

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 162 172 Mojtaba Norouzi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Naser Nasiri Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran Sasan Amiri Faculty Member, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran Habibeh Nasab Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Nahid Bagheri Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mostafa Eghbalian Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Parvaneh Nazari Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Reza Faryabi Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran 2025 04 27 2025 12 08 Background: We aimed to investigate the factors that influence the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children in Jiroft, Kerman Province, Iran using tree regression analysis.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024.  Children aged 2-6 years were selected from the kindergartens of Jiroft City by a stratified random sampling method. Parents' demographic information, the mother's health information during pregnancy, nutrition, and the child's lifestyle were obtained through a questionnaire. Children's BMI Z-score was measured. A decision tree model was built using the "rpart" package in R software (version 4.5.1). Results: Out of 1032 children aged 2-6 years, 51.0% (n=522) were girls. The factors affecting the BMI of children include having a father weighing more than 89 kg, a high-income family, and a birth weight of less than 3.1 kg. According to the regression model, mother's job (P-value=0.045), father's weight (P-value=0.002), and birth weight (P-value=0.013) were positively associated with higher child's BMI status. In contrast, daily vegetable intake (P-value=0.044) was negatively associated with current BMI. Conclusion: Fathers' weight, family income, and vegetable intake are key factors influencing early childhood BMI in Jiroft. Targeted interventions should prioritize engaging fathers in weight management programs before and during their child’s formative years. Obesity prevention efforts must also address lifestyle behaviors in affluent households through tailored nutritional counseling. Regular vegetable intake appears to have a protective effect, contributing to lower BMI in children.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38910 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38910/8756

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 53 62 Meryem Koçaş Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Türkiye Arzu Yiğit Department of Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Ispar-ta, Türkiye 2025 05 10 2025 09 02 Background: We aimed to systematically examine the effects of Cochlear Implant Treatment (CIT) on quality of life aiated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China Li ZHAO Nursing Dept., Xuzhou Center Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China Ming HU Nursing Dept., The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221002, China Xuemei ZHANG Nursing Dept., Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221010, China 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Background: To analyze and summarize the effect of continuous care on the life quality and control of asthma of pediatric patients with asthma discharged from multiple hospitals. Methods: Retrospective analysis was carried out on 172 pediatric patients with asthma aged between 6 and 11 yr old randomly selected from those admitted to five hospitals between January 2014 and December 2015. Among these 172 patients, only 86 (intervention group) received the continuous care between January 2015 and December 2015, while the rest (control group) did not receive from January 2014 and December 2014. Results: After the patients in the intervention group were discharged from the hospital, the ratio of practical forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to the expected FEV1 at the 12th month was (90.28±10.35)%, and the ratio of peak expiratory flow to the expected value was (84.24±3.43)%, respectively higher than those [(82.73±8.86)% and (75.80±4.67)%] in the control group. Regarding pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ) between the intervention group and the control group, the difference had statistical significance (Z=-7.254, P<0.05). Childhood asthma control test (C-ACT) comparison between the intervention group and the control group indicated that the difference had statistical significance (Z=-7.918, P<0.05). Conclusion: Continuous care can improve the pediatric patient’s pulmonary function and life quality, and effectively control the asthmatic symptoms.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11482 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11482/5821

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1594 1595 Mostafa KARIMI Institute for Mathematical Research, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Ardalan SHARIAT Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Semiparametric Accelerated Failure Time Model as a New  Approach for Health Science Studies https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11496 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11496/5834

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1528 1534 Delia Mirela ŢIŢ Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Annamaria PALLAG Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Ciprian IOVAN Dept. of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania Gheorghe FURĂU Dept. of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Western University “Vasile Goldiş” of Arad, Arad, Romania Cristian FURĂU Dept. of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western University “Vasile Goldiş” of Arad, Arad, Romania Simona BUNGĂU Dept. of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the phytoestrogens in relieving and/or suppressing the specific somatic-vegetative symptoms of menopause with those of the hormone therapy, administered in small doses. Methods: The study was conducted in the County Clinical Emergency Hospital Oradea - Obstetric-Gynecological Ambulatory, and in private obstetrics-gynecology cabinets from Bihor County (NW Romania), from November 2011 to January 2014. Overall, 325 patients clinically diagnosed with specific postmenopausal symptomatology and not previously treated with phytoestrogens or hormone replacement therapy (HRT), were divided into 3 groups. Symptom assessment was performed with a standardized questionnaire named Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) in three phases: beginning of the treatment, after six months, and after one year. The administered doses for three different groups were as follows: 1 mg estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate (NETA) p.o. daily (i.e. for the HRT group); 40 mg of isoflavones p.o. daily - i.e. 2 capsules of 40% standardized extract containing 20 mg of pure isoflavones: Genistein, Daidzein, and Glycitein (i.e. for the group with phytoestrogens); and no trreatment for the control group. Results: The evolution of the somatic-vegetative symptoms was better in both groups treated either with phytoestrogens or HRT (P<0.001) as opposed to the higher percentage of patients with stationary symptoms in the control group (i.e. 37.74% for control group, 16.13% for the group treated with phytoestrogens, respectively 18.95% for the group treated with HRT). Conclusion: Twelve months treatment study is a favorable evidence for the use of soy derived phytoestrogens in the treatment of somatic-vegetative symptoms at postmenopausal women.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11484 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11484/5822

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1596 1597 Azadeh MEMARIAN Dept. of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrokh MEHRPISHEH Dept. of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Elham ZAREI Dept. of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farrokh TAPHTACH Dept. of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila ABDOLKARIMI Dept. of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Main Determinants of Ossification in Humerus Bone and  Coracoid Process among Iranian Neonates https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11497 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11497/5835

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1535 1539 Yu LIU Dept. of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Weize YANG Dept. of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Jie WEI Dept. of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Background: This study aimed to investigate the guiding effect of serum procalcitonin (PCT) on the antibiotic application to patients with sepsis. Methods: Ninety-eight patients with sepsis treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China from 2015-2017 were enrolled. They were divided into two equal groups of control group and the observation group. Patients in the observation group received the antibiotic therapy guided by PCT while patients in the control group received the regular antibiotic therapy. The conventional indexes, prognosis and clinical effects of the two groups were compared. Results: There were no statistical significance in the differences of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) levels between the two groups. The duration of the antibiotic application to patients in the observation group was (7.74±0.61) d which was (10.22±0.78) d shorter than that to patients in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay time and the hospital stays of patients in the observation group were shorter than those of patients in the control group. The difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The difference in 30-day-recurrence rate and 30 day-mortality of the patients in the two groups had no statistical significance. There was statistically significant difference in the comparison of the clinical effects between the two groups. Conclusion: Guiding effects of the serum PCT on the application of antibiotics to patients with sepsis shorten the usage time of the antibiotics, ICU stay time and hospital stays.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11485 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11485/5823

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1598 1600 Zahra MAKANI Dept. of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Sina MIRZAAHMADI Dept. of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Marzieh MOTALLEBI Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolfazl MOVAFAGH Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Molecular Diagnostics with Laboratory Finding in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11498 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11498/5836

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1540 1545 Payam KHAZAELI Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mitra MEHRABANI Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mahmoud Reza HEIDARI Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Gholamreza ASADIKARAM Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Moslem LARI NAJAFI Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Background: Mycotoxins are natural toxins, produced by several fungal species and are associated with morbidity or even mortality in animals, plants, and humans. In this study, 120 samples of herbs and spices in both bulk and packaged forms were prepared in order to measure aflatoxin level in different regions of Iran Methods: The aflatoxin was extracted during Mar to May 2015, using 80% methanol and then purified via immunoaffinity column. Measurements were performed, using high-performance liquid chromatography, equipped with a fluorescence detection system at excitation and emission wavelengths of 365 and 435 nm, respectively. Results: The highest prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in food products was attributed to aflatoxin B1 (30.8%). In addition, the highest prevalence of aflatoxin contamination was reported in red pepper (100%). Examination of effective factors indicated the substantial impact of moisture on aflatoxin level (P=0.046). Conclusion: Even at low levels of aflatoxin, contamination could be a serious threat, given the prevalent use of spices (either raw or not) as ingredients in food preparation. Therefore, regular monitoring of spices, especially chili pepper, is highly recommended.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11486 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11486/5824

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 11 2017 11 01 1601 1602 Rouhullah DEHGHANI Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran AND Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mohammad Ali SAHRAIAN Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud YUNESIAN Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa HADEII Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Hamid Reza GILASI Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahid KAZEMI-MOGHADDAM Dept. of Environmental Health, School of Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran 2017 11 01 2017 11 01 Reply to Urbanization Theory for Growing Trend of Multiple Sclerosi https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11499 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11499/5837