Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 123 132 Weiwei Sun Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Xiaolei Song Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, ShenZhen 518104, China Xiaoxia Wang Department of Gynecology, Shandong Changle People’s Hospital, Weifang 262400, China Kuimei Zhang Department of Gynecology, Shandong Changle People’s Hospital, Weifang 262400, China Gladys Mae R. Laborde Adventist University of the Philippines, Cavite 4118, Philippines Kim Kwang Cheol Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea Mei Wang Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Wenming Cao Department of Gynecology, Pingshan District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, China Nan Jiang Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, ShenZhen 518104, China 2025 05 12 2025 09 30 Background: Reproductive health issues significantly impact female college students in China, yet comprehensive data on gynecological disorders and health education needs remain limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, sociodemographic determinants, and health education preferences in this population. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted across 12 provinces from October 2024 to August 2025, including 2,318 female students recruited through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via a validated electronic questionnaire covering demographics, reproductive health status, and education participation. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable regression. Results: High prevalence rates were found for dysmenorrhea (66.18%), irregular menstruation (58.07%), vaginitis (47.89%), premenstrual syndrome (42.19%), and breast disease (36.76%). Significant disparities were identified by education level, residence, and academic major. Rural students showed higher rates of dysmenorrhea (72.62% vs. 59.07%) and irregular menstruation (67.19% vs. 48.00%) than urban students. Although 49.44% had participated in health education, 28.86% had never attended. Students expressed strong preferences for STD prevention (64.32%) and sexual health education (62.25%), with online platforms being the primary information source (34.12%). Over 75% requested free consultations and regular checkups. Conclusion: Chinese female college students face a high burden of gynecological conditions, with notable sociodemographic disparities. Targeted, digital health education initiatives addressing vulnerable subgroups are urgently needed to improve reproductive health outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39077 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39077/8752

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 1 13 EN Jeehye Jun Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Choa Sung Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA Chang Park Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA 2025 06 02 2025 10 19 Background: Patients with acute and chronic conditions often experience multiple symptoms known as symptom clusters. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is widely used to assess health status across various conditions, but its suitability for identifying symptom clusters remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the internal consistency reliability of PROMIS tools used to measure symptom clusters in adults through a systematic review and a reliability generalization meta-analysis. Methods: We searched four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Embase) for relevant articles published through December 31, 2024, including studies that measured symptom clusters in adults using at least one PROMIS measure. Meta-regression using a random effects model was performed to assess study heterogeneity, and funnel plots were employed to evaluate publication bias. Results: The systematic review included 24 studies of 27,982 subjects with or without diseases in community, inpatient, and outpatient settings. Twenty PROMIS domains were used for symptom cluster research, and anxiety and depression were the most frequently used domains. In our reliability generalization meta-analysis of four studies, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated good internal consistency reliability across five PROMIS domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbance), with an average reliability of 0.91. Conclusion: PROMIS measures may be reliable for assessing symptom clusters in adults and could serve as valuable tools for researchers and clinicians in patient assessment and symptom management. Nevertheless, future research should rigorously examine the reliability and validity of PROMIS tools in this context. Trial Registration Information: CRD42022373953 (PROSPERO). https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39381 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39381/8742

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 173 174 Nader Aghakhani Department of Research and Development, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Béatrice Marianne Ewalds-Kvist 1. Division of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland 2. Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Roghaieh Azimzadeh Department of Medical Surgery Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2025 05 29 2025 07 17 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39328 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39328/8757

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 133 142 Chengyue Li Research Center of Sports Humanities and Social Sciences (National Sports and Fitness Research Think Tank), Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China Jixing Gu Department of Physical Education, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea 2025 06 22 2025 09 25 Background: To assess trends and distributional characteristics of forced vital capacity (FVC) and vital capacity index (VCI) (a measure of FVC adjusted for weight) among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2019. Methods: FVC and VCI data for Chinese children and adolescents were obtained from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students’ Constitution and Health surveys in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019. VCI (ml/kg) = FVC (ml)/weight (kg). Trends were estimated by sample-weighted regressions with post-stratification population-weighted procedures. The trends in the distributional characteristics were visually described. Results: For the total population, FVC improved by 78.7 ml (95% confidence interval: -203.3 to 360.7 ml) or 0.12 effect size (ES) (-0.42 to 0.66 ES), which was a negligible improvement. VCI decreased by 11.5 ml/kg (4.8 to 18.3 ml/kg) or 0.84 ES (0.34 to 1.34 ES), which was a large decrease from 1985 to 2019. The sex, residence, and age-stratified VCI both experienced significant moderate to large decreases. Stratified by period, the FVC and VCI decreased dramatically until the 21st century, and the decrease stabilized from 2000 to 2010 and thereafter improved. FVC decreased in the lower percentile and increased in the higher percentile. For the VCI, the larger the percentile was, the smaller the decrease was.  Conclusion: Absolute levels of lung function among Chinese children and adolescents have stabilized over the past three decades, but relative levels of lung function have declined significantly. The government should implement health promotion programs to improve respiratory health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39595 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39595/8753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 14 25 Mengyuan Wang Department of Pediatric Respiratory Intensive Care, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China Chengshuai Zhang Department of Neurorehabilitation, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Shandong, China Hongzan Li School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China 2024 11 21 2025 07 26 Background: We aimed to examine the association between nurse work satisfaction and patient care quality. The goal was to find out key factors influencing nurse’s job satisfaction and how these qualities relate to patient care outcomes by synthesizing prior data. Methods: A literature search was conducted using four databases: PubMed, CINAHL and Embase, published from 2014 and 2023. The inclusion criteria were the impact of nurse job satisfaction on several elements of patient care quality, including safety, effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and overall health outcomes. The research quality was evaluated by established critical evaluation procedures and data were collected and synthesized utilizing standard analysis methodologies. Results: Eighteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, indicating a strong positive relationship between nurse work satisfaction and patient care quality. Organizational support, work environment, professional growth opportunities, and workload management were important factors in determining job satisfaction. Nurse’s high job satisfaction levels were consistently linked to increased patient safety, greater patient satisfaction scores, fewer medical mistakes and better overall patient health outcomes. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of nurse work satisfaction in improving patient care quality. Healthcare organizations should prioritize tactics that increase worker satisfaction, such as creating supportive work environments, giving opportunities for professional development, and guaranteeing acceptable workloads. By addressing these issues, healthcare systems can enhance patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37264 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37264/8743

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 175 176 Mohammed Aljarousha Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Mohd Zaki Awa Isa Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Emad Ibrahim Shaqoura 1. School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK 2. Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine 2025 05 14 2025 06 01 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39118 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39118/8758

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 143 150 Bashiru Garba 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 3. Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univer-sity, Sokoto, Nigeria Shukri Mohamud Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Hafida Samatar Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Najib Dirie 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Abdirahman Mohamud Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Mohamed Adam 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Jihaan Hassan 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Fartun Hassan Orey Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Hodo Asowe Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Jamal Mohamoud 1. SIMAD Institute for Global Health, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia Mohamed Ahmed Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, & Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia 2024 05 20 2025 11 26 Background: Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. The infection is characterized by acute and chronic illness, that often lead to liver cirrhosis, and death. In this study, we determined the proportion of patients with hepatitis B infection in Mogadishu and evaluated their hepatitis B viral DNA. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based descriptive study was conducted between July 2022 and October 2023 to collect data from all patients sent to the Dr. Sumait Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia for hepatitis B DNA detection and viral load determination. Results: Among the 406 patients studied in a clinical setting, 54.4% tested positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The cohort predominantly consisted of males (62.8%) and individuals aged 30-39 years (32.8%). Age and sex were significantly associated with HBV positivity, with higher odds observed in older age groups with a 2.62 times higher risk of infection (95%CI=1.447-4.750) for the individuals aged between 30-39 years old, 3.19 times greater (95%CI=1.671-6.114) for those age group between 40-49 years old, and 3.13 times greater (95%CI=1.670-5.870) for those age group above 50 years. It should be noted that these findings are based on a clinical cohort and therefore may not represent the prevalence of HBV in the general population. Conclusion: This study highlights a high proportion of HBV infection among clinical patients with known or suspected HBV infection in Mogadishu, with significant associations between age, sex, and infection risk. Further population-based studies are needed to assess the true burden of HBV in the general population in Somalia.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35571 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35571/8754

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 26 39 Nik Zatul-Iffah N Mohd Nabil Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore Research Centre of Education Leadership and Policy, Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mohd Syazwan Zainal Research Centre of Education and Community Well-being, Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2025 03 12 2025 09 25 Background: Self-esteem is a pivotal yet fragile factor influencing the learning and psychosocial outcomes of students with learning disabilities (LD). Although widely discussed, evidence has been inconsistent and dispersed across cultural and methodological contexts. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases search identified 54 records from Scopus and Web of Science, of which eight studies published between 2008 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were synthesized into three domains, psychological dimensions, social support and educational interventions. Results: Findings revealed consistent psychological vulnerabilities. Students with LD reported lower academic self-concept than peers, while large-scale evidence showed overall moderate self-esteem with gender differences favoring males. Qualitative accounts from adults indicated ambivalent identities, blending positive traits such as independence with negative perceptions of anxiety and inadequacy. Social support emerged as a protective factor with friendships, parental involvement and teacher encouragement fostering resilience and buffering against stigma. Interventions demonstrated tangible benefits, educational therapy with 150 children improved self-esteem and reduced behavioral problems, while adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy enhanced emotional regulation and self-worth in adults. Conclusion: The evidence highlights the need for integrated, culturally responsive and gender-sensitive approaches that address both academic competence and psychosocial well-being. Future research should adopt larger, longitudinal and cross-cultural designs to better capture developmental trajectories across the lifespan. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38474 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38474/8744

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 177 179 Haewon Byeon Worker's Care & Digital Health Lab, Department of Future Technology, Korea University of Technology and Education (KO-REA TECH), Cheonan 31253, South Korea 2025 03 17 2025 07 17 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38534/8759

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 151 161 Azam Rahimzadeh kalaleh Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Bahrambeygi Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeid Besharati Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Nomani Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RCTO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zobeydeh Saeed Nursing Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (NRCRD), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 05 20 2025 10 19 Background: Air pollution is an important global public health concern with multiple consequences for the individuals with respiratory diseases. We aimed to assess the influence of air pollution variables on the hospitalization rates of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Atmospheric pollutant parameters, such as NO2, SO2, CO, O3, PM₂.₅, PM10, and AQI, from Mar 2022 to Mar 2024 were measured. The information of COPD patients was extracted from Masih Daneshvari Hospital (referral center for respiratory diseases in Tehran). The relationship among data, Relative Risk (RR), and Attributable Proportion (AP) for prolonged exposure to air pollutants during a biennial period was assessed using the Air Quality Plus (2.2.4) software. Results: March 2023 saw the highest number of hospitalizations, with an average of 4.16 cases. This was concurrent with an elevation in PM₂.₅ concentrations. Furthermore, the month of Aug 2023 exhibited a high hospitalization rate, with an average of 3.8 cases, linked to the rise in the concentration of PM₂.₅, NO2, and O3 air pollutants. The highest mean relative risks (RRs) associated with acute exacerbation of COPD were as follows: (PM10: 1.83, PM₂.₅: 1.76). Conclusion: High levels of air pollution, specially PM₂.₅, significantly worsen COPD conditions and are a main trigger for COPD exacerbation. Consequently, enforcing more stringent air quality regulations is an essential public health approach to alleviate the incidence of COPD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39189 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39189/8755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 40 52 Mi Wang Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Nianci Xiao Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Qingxiu Yao Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Mengmeng Chen Otolaryngology Department, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China Weiliu Zhu Otolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China 2025 03 04 2025 06 01 Background: Chronic tinnitus significantly impacts patients' quality of life, with no consensus on the long-term efficacy of different interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, literature was searched across eight databases up to November 2024. Ten randomized controlled trials were selected. A random-effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Results: Compared to control groups, TRT significantly improved THI scores (MD = -8.72, 95% CI: -16.65 to -0.79, P=0.03) and showed a trend toward improving VAS scores (MD = -2.78, 95% CI: -5.57 to 0.02, P=0.05). Heterogeneity was high (I²=90-96%), but sensitivity analysis confirmed stable results. Conclusion: TRT has a significant long-term therapeutic effect on chronic tinnitus. Future studies should increase sample sizes, standardize interventions, and optimize review processes to reduce heterogeneity and define optimal TRT strategies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38386/8745

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 180 181 Zahra Zamanian Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Vafa Feyzi Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mousa Bamir Medical Librarianship, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Salman Farahbakhsh 1. Department of Occupational Health, Instructor of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciencess, Sirjan, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz Universi-ty of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2025 12 28 2026 02 08 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/41865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/41865/8760

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 08 162 172 Mojtaba Norouzi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Naser Nasiri Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran Sasan Amiri Faculty Member, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran Habibeh Nasab Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Nahid Bagheri Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mostafa Eghbalian Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Parvaneh Nazari Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Reza Faryabi Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran 2025 04 27 2025 12 08 Background: We aimed to investigate the factors that influence the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children in Jiroft, Kerman Province, Iran using tree regression analysis.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024.  Children aged 2-6 years were selected from the kindergartens of Jiroft City by a stratified random sampling method. Parents' demographic information, the mother's health information during pregnancy, nutrition, and the child's lifestyle were obtained through a questionnaire. Children's BMI Z-score was measured. A decision tree model was built using the "rpart" package in R software (version 4.5.1). Results: Out of 1032 children aged 2-6 years, 51.0% (n=522) were girls. The factors affecting the BMI of children include having a father weighing more than 89 kg, a high-income family, and a birth weight of less than 3.1 kg. According to the regression model, mother's job (P-value=0.045), father's weight (P-value=0.002), and birth weight (P-value=0.013) were positively associated with higher child's BMI status. In contrast, daily vegetable intake (P-value=0.044) was negatively associated with current BMI. Conclusion: Fathers' weight, family income, and vegetable intake are key factors influencing early childhood BMI in Jiroft. Targeted interventions should prioritize engaging fathers in weight management programs before and during their child’s formative years. Obesity prevention efforts must also address lifestyle behaviors in affluent households through tailored nutritional counseling. Regular vegetable intake appears to have a protective effect, contributing to lower BMI in children.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38910 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38910/8756

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 55 1 2026 02 07 53 62 Meryem Koçaş Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Türkiye Arzu Yiğit Department of Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Ispar-ta, Türkiye 2025 05 10 2025 09 02 Background: We aimed to systematically examine the effects of Cochlear Implant Treatment (CIT) on quality of life aon locale="en_US">Department of Nursing, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju, Korea 2024 10 09 2024 11 04 Background: We aimed to identify the factors influencing safety accident management activities for hospitalized children in children’s hospitals. Methods: In August 2022, data were collected from 170 nurses across seven children’s hospitals in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Korea. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Safety accident management activities for hospitalized children differ significantly based on nurses’ experience in children’s hospitals (P=0.048). Safety accident management activities were positively correlated with patient safety culture (r=0.47, P<0.001), critical thinking (r=0.35, P<0.001), and nursing work environment (r=0.51, P<0.001). Furthermore, the most influential determinant of safety accident management activities for hospitalized children was the nursing work environment (β=0.42, P<0.001), followed by nurses’ experience in children’s hospitals (β=0.20, P=0.004), and patient safety culture (β=0.17, P=0.041). These variables had an explanatory power of 34.0 % (adjusted R2=0.34, P<0.001). Conclusion: A positive nursing work environment and strong patient safety culture are essential for increasing safety accident management activities among children’s hospital nurses. Additionally, children’s hospitals should provide support to the nursing staff and implement policies that encourage long-term retention of experienced nurses. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36865/8394

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 11 2024 11 04 2451 2461 EN Neda Amoori Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran Bahman Cheraghian Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Payam Amini School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK Seyed Mohammad Alavi Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2022 01 13 2024 09 28 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and infection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have appeared as major public health problems. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the relationship between TB and the risk of HCV infection. Methods: Google Scholar, Embase, Medline, Pubmed, web of sciences (ISI), and Scopus were searched until March 2022. The pooled ORs of HCV in patients with TB were calculated utilizing the random-effect model with a 95% confidence interval (CI). test was utilized for evaluating the heterogeneity. To check publication bias Egger and Beggs' tests were used. Results: From among 1500 articles from 2006 to 2020, 13 studies were examined and analyzed based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The overall risk of HCV infection in patients with TB was (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.10-1.63, P=0.001). According to the type of the countries subgroup analysis, the risk of HCV infection in patients with TB in developing countries was (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.00-3.80), which was higher than the risk in developed countries (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.42-1.52). In addition, the risk of hepatitis C infection in men compared to women (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.75-1.94, P=0.001) and in age groups over 65 yr compared to other age groups (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.98-2.16) was significantly higher. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasized the importance of screening HCV in patients with TB. Being aware of the presence or absence of HCV in these patients can contribute to their effective treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27484 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27484/8388

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 11 2024 11 04 2519 2527 Mere Idamokoro Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, South Africa Daniel Goon Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa 2023 04 22 2023 09 28 Background: Obesity is an epidemic non-communicable disease in South Africa (SA). Few data exist on rural schoolchildren. This study presented the association between paediatric obesity, anthropometric parameters and physiological traits in schoolchildren in the Alice Location of Raymond Mhlaba Municipality, South Africa. Methods: The sum of 305 schoolchildren including girls 146; boys 159 between 5 – 7 years old were enrolled. Body mass index (BMI) specific for gender and age was used to describe overweight and obesity. Systolic/Diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) was ≥ 90th percentile for gender and age. An aneroid sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure (BP). Results: 15.75% of girls were overweight compared to 10.69% of boys while 16.35% of boys were obese compared to 10.27% of girls. Pre-hypertension was detected in both girls (2.0%) and boys (0.3%). SBP and DBP were significantly (P<0.05) associated with body mass, stature, BMI, hip and waist circumference (HC & WC), the sum of skinfolds, fat-mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Conclusion: Overweight, obesity and pre-hypertension are predominant amongst rural SA schoolchildren living in Alice location. Routine check-up and control of excessive weight gain in schoolchildren is crucial for early prevention of potential cardiovascular diseases in the future.         https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31821 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31821/8395

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 11 2024 11 04 2528 2537 EN Hee-Jung Lim Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea Jun-Yeong Kwon Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Republic of Korea Na-Yeon Tak Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Ae-Jung Im Department of Dental Hygiene, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Hyoung-Joo Kim Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea 2024 01 27 2024 04 02 Background: Dry mouth, masticatory discomfort, and swallowing in older individuals are important factors affecting overall health. To improve their quality of life, efforts are required to improve their oral function. Therefore, this study implemented a training program evaluating oral function to confirm improvements in swallowing. Methods: The study was conducted for approximately 4 months, from Jul to Oct 2023. Participants aged 65 yr or older were selected from welfare facilities in the metropolitan region, with 24 participants in both the intervention and control groups. Results: As a result of a study conducted on oral function training program, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in the simulated swallowing flow rate (P <0.05), bite force (P <0.001), and tongue pressure (P <0.001). Conclusion: The oral function training program effectively improved simulated swallowing flow rate, bite force, and tongue pressure. Consequently, there is an opportunity to implement oral function training programs at accessible welfare centers for older individuals in the community. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34434 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34434/8396

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 11 2024 11 04 2538 2550 EN Zhuanyu Guo Urology Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital. Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Xue Wang Urology Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital. Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Shuaishuai Huang Urology Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital. Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China Guo Weng Urology Department, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital. Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China 2023 07 17 2024 02 12 Background: M6A RNA methylation and the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been reported to play important roles in the progression and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, whether m6A RNA methylation regulators affect the TME in ccRCC remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate comprehensively the effect of m6A RNA methylation regulators on the TME in ccRCC. Methods: Transcriptome data of ccRCC were obtained from TCGA database. Consensus clustering analysis was conducted based on the expression of m6A RNA methylation regulators. Survival differences were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis between the clusters. The DESeq2 package was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the clusters. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed by the ClusterProfiler R package. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate immune infiltration. Results: The expression of 15 m6A regulators significantly differed between ccRCC and normal kidney tissues. Based on the expression of these 15 m6A regulators, two clusters were identified by consensus clustering, in which cluster 1 had better overall survival (OS). Overall, 4,429 DEGs were identified between the two clusters and were enriched in immune-related biological processes. Cluster 1 had lower immune and ESTIMATE scores, higher expression of HLA and lower expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Moreover, immune infiltration and expressions of Th1/IFNγ gene signature were also significantly different between the two clusters. Conclusion: Our study revealed m6A regulators were important participants in the development of ccRCC, with a close relationship with the TME. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26207 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26207/8397

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 11 2024 11 04 2551 2562 EN Ainura Manasovna Satarkulova Department of Fundamental Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Asel Abdumomunovna Usenova Department of Special Surgical Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Shirin Syrgakovna Bakirova Department of Fundamental Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Shadiya Yusupdjanovna Aisaeva Integrated Research Center, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Kanykei Sadyrbekovna Keneshova Department of Fundamental Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Meerim Turdubekovna Turdubekova Department of Fundamental Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic 2024 10 03 2024 11 04 Background: We investigated the changes of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters, which reflect the state of the regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular system, among medical students during routine academic period and examination session. Methods: The study was conducted in Jan-Feb 2024, at the IHSM in Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, among the healthy 70 students (mean age 19.71 ± 1.54 years) from India and Pakistan. For each student, two ECG recordings were performed: one 3 weeks before the exam and one 10-15 minutes after exam. Results: The results of study demonstrated that after the exam, students presented significantly higher HR, AMo, SI, VLF, LF and lower SDNN, TP, HF compared before the exam (P<0.05). Distribution of students showed that on a routine academic period 53% of students belonged to sympathotonic, 14% to vagotonic and 33% to normotonic. During the examination period the number of sympathotonic increased to 74%, but the number of vagotonic and normotonic decreased to 4% and 22% respectively. Conclusion: Each type revealed an individual reaction to exam stress: in the group of vagotonic there was a slight activation of the SNS; in sympathotonic students there was a tension of regulatory mechanisms, leading to depletion of adaptive mechanisms; in the group of normotonic there was a shift in the vegetative balance towards the sympathetic link of ANS. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36806 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36806/8398

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 11 2024 11 04 2563 2571 EN Sargis Aghayan 1. Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia 2. Chair of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia Gohar Grigoryan Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia Hasmik Gevorgyan Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia Tehmine Harutyunyan Chair of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia Martin Rukhkyan Laboratory of General Helminthology and Parasitology, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Acad-emy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia Vahagn Muradyan Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia Gregory Karadjian UMR BIPAR, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Laboratory of Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France Maud Marsot 6. Unité EPI, Animal Health Laboratory, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France Sara Moutailler UMR BIPAR, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Laboratory of Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France Thomas Pollet UMR BIPAR, INRAE, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Laboratory of Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France