Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 12 2025 12 31 2548 2556 Rong Li Nursing Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Haizhu District, 510275, China Shuiying Chen Nursing Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Haizhu District, 510275, China Xuejing Yue Nursing Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Haizhu District, 510275, China Peiliang Lin E.N.T. Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Haizhu District, 510275, China Haiyan Lin Nursing Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Haizhu District, 510275, China Duo Tao Nursing Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Haizhu District, 510275, China 2025 05 03 2025 06 07 Background: We aimed to forecast the efficacy of neck stretching exercises in mitigating self-reported disability post-thyroidectomy and neck pain. Methods: Until Feb 2025, an inclusive literature study was accomplished, and 654 related studies were reviewed. The 5 nominated studies encompassed 654 patients with thyroidectomy at the beginning of the study and were selected for the meta-analysis. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine the outcome of the neck stretching exercises compared to control on thyroidectomy using continuous methods with either a fixed or random model. Results: In cases with thyroidectomy, neck stretching exercises had significantly lower mean neck pain score after 1 week (P=0.001), mean neck pain score after 1 month (P=0.01), mean self-reported neck disability score after 1 month (P<0. 001) compared to control treatment. Nonetheless, no significant difference was detected between neck stretching exercises and control treatment in mean self-reported neck disability score after 1 week (P=0.06) in patients with thyroidectomy. In patients with thyroidectomy, neck stretching exercises had significantly lower mean neck pain score after 1 week, and after 1 month, and mean self-reported neck disability score after 1 month, however, no significant difference was found in mean self-reported neck disability score after 1 week compared to control treatment. Conclusion: More research is necessary to confirm this discovery, and care must be used while interacting with its values since many comparisons had a low number of included articles and a small sample size of most of the selected studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38988 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38988/8717

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 12 2025 12 31 2557 2565 Doyoun Kim Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea Youngsub Lee Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2025 10 17 2026 01 03 China’s rapid transition into a super-aged society is accelerating demand for advanced wearable healthcare sensors tailored for long-term, low-burden monitoring. While numerous reviews discuss demographic and policy contexts, fewer highlight the latest wearable sensor research emerging from Chinese laboratories and companies. This Mini Review summarizes representative advances published in the last five years across three major application areas—chronic metabolic disease management, neurodegenerative disease monitoring, and cardiovascular risk mitigation—focusing on sensor design, sampling media, data integration, and clinical relevance. Rather than examining demographic trends or general market growth, we emphasize technological breakthroughs such as non-invasive glucose-sensing microneedle patches, CKD-oriented urine/breath analyzers, multimodal gait–EEG neurodegenerative platforms, and bioresorbable cardiovascular implants that reflect China's emphasis on long-term, low-burden, and telemedicine-ready care. By concentrating on these China-originated devices and research prototypes, this review aims to provide a concise update on emerging concepts and highlight how these technologies reflect localized priorities—such as non-invasive sampling and family-assisted tele-care—while shaping future global trends. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/41171 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/41171/8718

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 12 2025 12 31 2566 2578 Zohreh Gehisari College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China Elnaz Hashemzadeh Department of Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sevda Fazlizade Psychiatric Nursing, Tehran Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran Hamed Razaghpour Department of Nursing, Za.c., Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Mohammad Abdi 1. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2. Department of Medical Education, Social Determinants of Health Research Center & Education Development Center (EDC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Maryam Asadi Aghajari Department of Nursing, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran 2025 05 02 2025 09 18 Background: The intensive care unit environment poses a substantial risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among nurses, stemming from frequent exposure to traumatic events and patient death This systematic review aimed to determine the epidemiology of PTSD among ICU nurses. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from Jan 2000 to Dec 2024 for studies reporting PTSD prevalence among ICU nurses. Inclusion criteria were observational studies with validated PTSD assessment tools; Exclusion criteria included case reports and non-English publications. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model. Results: The study reviewed 25 papers that provided quantitative data and were included in the analysis; the sample sizes varied from 98 to 748 ICU nurses. The published frequency of PTSD among ICU nurses has been identified to range between 3.3% and 64%. The pooled prevalence was estimated to be approximately 32.78 % (CI 95%[31.6%, 33.9%]). The specific factors influencing risk for PTSD included exposure to traumatic events: having a high workload, staff shortage, and organizational issues with the absence of psychological support, as well as individual characteristics, including younger age and prior mental health disorders. The impacts of PTSD included psychological distress, poor sleep quality, feelings of loneliness, and a reduced health-related quality of life. Conclusion: The high prevalence of PTSD among ICU nurses underscores an urgent need for targeted interventions and support programs. Providing essential support through staffing, psychological resources, and resilience training is critical. Further research should examine the longitudinal course of PTSD and evaluate intervention outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31182 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31182/8719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 12 2025 12 31 2579 2594 Yan Yu Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Yantai YuHuangDing Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China Xiaojian Sun Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Yantai YuHuangDing Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China Mengchao Su Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Yantai YuHuangDing Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China 2024 11 18 2025 04 01 Background: Bivalirudin is increasingly used as an alternative to heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to its potential for reducing adverse clinical outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of bivalirudin versus heparin across various clinical outcomes. Method: A total of 27 studies were included, comprising 63,624 patients: 30,492 received Bivalirudin, and 33,132 received Heparin. Key endpoints analyzed include net adverse clinical events (NACE), major adverse clinical events, major bleeding, mortality, stroke, and stent thrombosis. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results: Bivalirudin significantly reduced the risk of major bleeding (MD=-0.4445, 95% CI [-0.6276, -0.2615], P<0.0001, I²=76.79%) compared to Heparin. However, no significant differences were found for major adverse clinical events (MD=-0.0993, P=0.3194) or mortality (MD=-0.1959, P=0.0893). There was moderate heterogeneity in most analyses, particularly for NACE (I²=68.24%) and stent thrombosis (I²=55.33%). No significant differences were observed for stroke prevention or stent thrombosis. Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant reductions in major bleeding with Bivalirudin, particularly in STEMI patients (log OR=-0.37, P<0.0001), though no differences in MACE or stent thrombosis were observed. High heterogeneity in NSTEMI populations (I²=81.4%) underscores the need for individualized therapy. Conclusion: Although bivalirudin significantly lowers major bleeding compared with Heparin, it shows no clear advantage in mortality or other major clinical outcomes. Substantial heterogeneity across studies indicates variability in patient populations and procedural settings. Further research is needed to define its optimal role in specific PCI subgroups. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37228 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37228/8720

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 12 2025 12 31 2595 2607 Huan Zhang Endocrinology Department, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Bishan Hospital of Chongqing), Chongqing, China Jiahuan He Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Bishan Hospital of Chongqing), Chongqing, China Feifei Ke Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China Miao Li Military Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of AFMU, No.127, Xian, Shanxi, China Wenjia Yao Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China 2025 05 22 2025 07 17 Background: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preventative strategies targeted at lowering these injections. Methods: A comprehensive assessment of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) was carried out to discover relevant papers published from 2013-2024. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational research on therapy for intravenous injection and catheter-related infections. The primary outcome examined was the incidence or prevalence of infections caused by intravenous injections. According to preliminary data from 31 studies, preventive interventions dramatically reduce the incidence of intravenous injection and catheter-related infections. Subgroup analyses indicate effectiveness differences depending on intervention type and patient variables. Results: Chlorhexidine-based therapies can lower infection risk by 29% (Risk Ratio: 0.71), but taurolidine provides a statistically significant 53% benefit (RR = 0.47). The total risk ratio varies from 0.71 to 0.84, indicating a 29% reduction in infection rates in nations having Needlestick Safety and Prevention Acts. In contrast, the absence of such regulation may result in a 6% to 8% rise in infection rates (RR = 0.96). Conclusion: Preventative interventions, notably chlorhexidine and taurolidine, can considerably reduce the risk of intravenous injection and catheter-related infections. Chlorhexidine may lower the risk of infection by 29%, whereas taurolidine reduces it by 53%. Nations with Needlestick Safety and Prevention Acts may expect a one-third reduction in infection rates. Conversely, the absence of such laws may result in a significant rise in infection rates. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39231 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39231/8721

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 12 2025 12 31 2608 2622 Seyedeh Maryam Taheri Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hanieh Makipour Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Saeed Bahadory 1. Vice-Chancellor of Treatment, Imam Hassan Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2. Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Ehsan Javanmard Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samaneh Dehbanipour Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Taghipur Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran Gholamreza Hassanpour Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Kazemirad Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 10 19 2025 12 08 Background: Parasitic diseases, including food-borne and vector-borne infections, remain a significant burden, especially with the increased migration from underdeveloped to developed regions. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of parasitic infections among migrant workers in the Middle East. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA protocol. A search was conducted across major databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for studies on parasitic infections among migrant workers in the Middle East from April 1, 1993, to November 15, 2024. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA), and 25 studies were included. Results: The overall prevalence of parasitic infections in this study was estimated at 16.5%. (95% CI 2.7 to 58.5%). The prevalence based on microscopic diagnostic methods was 19.4% (95% CI 13.5% to 27.5%), and molecular diagnosis was 15.2% (95% CI 6.4% to 32.4%). The P-value in Egger's test was 0.5343, indicating no statistically significant evidence of publication bias. The pooled prevalence varied across countries: 34.7% in Iraq (n = 1 study), 19.6% in Saudi Arabia (n = 12 studies), 16.8% in the Uthe relationship between social exclusion and inferiority of community youth was tested by using structural equation model and bootstrap test. Results: The scores of social exclusion, inferiority complex, and rumination were positively correlated (P<0.05). The mediation effect test showed that the mediation hypothesis model had a relatively good fitting index. Social exclusion was a positive predictor of rumination, and rumination was a positive predictor of inferiority. Ruminant thinking had a significant partial mediating effect in the relationship between social exclusion and inferiority feeling, the indirect effect was 0.078, the direct effect was 0.04, the total effect was 0.118, and the ratio of direct effect to indirect effect was approximately 1:2. Therefore, social exclusion exerted the influence on inferiority through rumination. Conclusion: Social exclusion positively affects the inferiority feeling of community youth through the mediating effect of rumination thinking. The health prevention of community youth’s inferiority feeling should not only prevent the negative impact of social exclusion but also strengthen the cultivation of rumination thinking. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28771 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28771/7657

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1469 1480 Nor Bahari Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mazni Baharom Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Syahidatun Najwa Abu Zahid Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Faiz Daud 1. Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2. Graduate School of Business, SEGI University, Jalan Teknologi, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia 2020 12 02 2021 05 23 Background: With growing healthcare (HC) expenditures and limited funding, policymakers need to find new ways to provide healthcare that is affordable and fair. There are many methods for paying specialists, and the three basic payment methods include fee-for-service (FFS), capitation, and salary. This review focuses on identifying published articles related to the different methods used for paying specialists for their service and further highlights their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: The research was designed and carried out in line with the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis" (PRISMA) checklist. Five databases were used in the literature search ie: Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, EBSCOhost, and PubMed in 2020. The search term used revolved around physician, payment method and specialist behavior. Results: Databases were searched electronically using EndNote X9.2, wherein 588 related studies of literature were included. Meanwhile, it went down to 546 related studies after the title and abstract screening was conducted in order to eliminate duplicates. In total, 24 studies were then left to be reviewed in full text; finally, 12 studies were integrated into this analysis after a description of the entire text of the studies. Conclusion: Payment methods can affect physician practice behaviors and the quality of healthcare. The combination of payment methods may, however, combine the benefits of simple payment methods. Where there is not adequate mixing of methods, bonus-for-performance programs may encourage the provision of targeted services. Thus, before a new medical policy is implemented, policymakers must define and empirically examine the positive and negative impacts. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23043 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23043/7647

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1681 1682 Yong-Kyun Jeon Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea Jaeil Choi Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea Dong Jun Sung Division of Sport and Health Studies, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Korea 2019 11 22 2019 12 01 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18971 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18971/7672

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1585 1593 Hye Ji Park Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Ju Park Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Hyo Rim Jo Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Hang A Park Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Soon Ju Wang Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Choung Ah Lee Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea 2020 12 31 2021 05 23 Background: The increased participation in sports has led to an increased number of sports-related injuries. We aimed to identify the incidence of sports-related injuries by life course and the risk factors for sports-related extremity fractures. Methods: We analyzed data of patients with sports-related extremity injuries from Emergency Department-based national injury surveillance systems, obtained from Jan 2013 to Dec 2016. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of extremity fracture by life course after adjusting for sex, injury season, injury time, injury place, sports type, and mechanism of injury. Results: Overall, 23385 patients met our inclusion criteria. Soccer injuries were most common in the 5–14-year (32.4%), 15–24-year (43.0%), and 25–44-year groups (32.7%), and hiking injuries were most common in the 45–64-year (23.6%) and ≥65-year age groups (38.0%). The upper extremity injury and fracture rates were higher in the younger-age group; nevertheless, the injury and fracture rates of the lower extremities increased with increasing age. Moreover, the rate of hip and thigh injuries and fractures increased significantly in the ≥65-year age group. Conclusion: The incidence and severity of sports injuries are affected by player factors and the sports activity itself. The age of players is a major determinant that affects their medical and physiologic conditions and the sport of choice. The strategy for preventing sports injuries should be structured based on age.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23338 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23338/7658

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1481 1493 Jing Liu College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Lu, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China Ping Liu College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Lu, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China Mei-Rong Lei College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Lu, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China Hong-Wei Zhang College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Lu, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China Ao-Lin You College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Lu, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China Xiao-Rong Luan Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,107 Wenhua Xi Lu, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China 2022 01 05 2022 05 07 Background: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate a risk prediction model for the readmission of patients with CHF. Methods: The search was carried out in databases including PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and also domestic databases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Academic Journal Full Text Database, Wanfang Database, and Vipu Chinese Journal Service Platform. All the original studies published by July 2021. Two researchers identified previous studies involving readmission risk prediction models that met our selection criteria. The quality of the included studies was evaluated based on the CHARMS checklist, and the prediction models were systematically evaluated. Results: Of the overall 4787 studies retrieved, nine studies—two prospective, seven retrospective—met our selection criteria. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve exceeded 0.63 (0.63-0.80) for all the studies. The most common predictors in the model were B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-brain BNP (Odds Ratio 4.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.53–7.49; P<0.001), renal insufficiency (Odds Ratio 1.60; 95%CI 1.24–2.08; P<0.001), comorbidities, and a history of hospitalization. Conclusion: The use of non-parametric statistical methods and assessment of large samples of electronic data improve the predictive abilities of the risk assessment models. It is necessary to calibrate and verify such models and promote the combined use of parametric and non-parametric methods to establish precise predictive models for clinical use. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27397 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27397/7648

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1683 1684 Tri Siswati 1. Nutrition Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Tata Bumi 3, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2. Center of Excellence for Applied Technology Inovation in The Field of Public Health (PUI_Novakesmas), Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Tata Bumi No. 3 Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia Heru Subaris Kasjono Environmental Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Tata Bumi 3, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia Yustiana Olfah Nursing Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Tata Bumi 3, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2019 10 29 2019 12 01 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18797 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18797/7673

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1594 1601 Alireza Tavakolpournegari 1. Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Bioscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain 2. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Hashemi 1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2. Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shohreh Zare Karizi Department of Genetics, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Tehran, Iran Arash Matin Ahmadi 1. Department of Genetics, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Tehran, Iran 2. Biological and Veterinary Sciences Faculty, Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland Seyed Hesamoddin Bidooki Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain Gooya Banaei Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Bioscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain 2020 12 13 2021 04 03 Background: One of the important molecular pathways in breast cancer is the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway. Any change in the activity of the PTEN gene can alter the PI3K-AKT pathway. Moreover, there are subsets of genes and pathways their expression changes by post-transcriptional regulations. For instance, gene regulation alters by non-coding RNAs such as micro-RNAs as post-transcriptional regulators that prevent the expression of the target transcript. Therefore, it is essential to assess the related alterations in micro-RNA expression patterns to find out the possible causes of conversions in related transcripts and pathways such as the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway in breast cancer. Methods: To determine the expression level of miR-181a and miR-30d in 30 breast tumor samples and 30 adjacent normal samples, the RNA extraction, and cDNA synthesis was performed by RiboEx (GeneAll, Korea). Finally, the Real-Time PCR method was used for quantitative analysis of the expression levels of these miRNAs. all the experimental part of the project in done at Islamic Azad University in 2017. Results: After analyzing comparisons in the expression level of miR-181a and miR-30d in tumor and normal tissues, there was a significant increase in the expression level of miR-181a in tumor samples compared with normal samples. Moreover, the expression level of miR-30d in tumor samples reported a significant decrease in comparison with normal samples (P<0.05). Conclusion: Upregulation of miR-181a may affect the transcription of the PTEN gene resulting in the cell progress to cancer. The Downregulation of miR-30d may also lead to cancer cell growth, due to a reduction in the affecting on the CREB gene transcript. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23186 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23186/7659

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1494 1501 Dariush Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Departments of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Nooshin Mojahed 1. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 10 2022 07 09 SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) the virus that caused an epidemic of sever acute respiratory syndrome is what the world has been dealing with since Dec 2019. As the pandemic continues different variants that emerge during mutations have become the latest concern, with notable examples detected in South Africa, Brazil, and UK. Variants are complicated and each one is a collection of several mutations, all of which have the potential to change the virus in unexpected ways. Studying variants is imperative as they can lead the epidemic to the increase of population immunity. In the present study, we reviewed key mutations and concerning variants according to the WHO tracking Sars-Cov-2 program. Databases were searched through Feb to Mar 2022. Overall, 477 studies were extracted from databases, among them 165 studies included mutations, 239 included COVID-19 variants and 43 included both mutations and variants. At the final step of data screening 24 studies associated to mutations, 31 studies with the highlighted information on COVID-19 variants and 31 studies related to both mutations and variants were extracted for this review article. In conclusion, analyses of the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 indicate that structural proteins are key molecules in the assembly of virus while NSPs can have different biochemical properties and possibly cellular functions. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28700 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28700/7649

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1685 1687 Mona Malekzadeh Moghani Department of Radiation Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sam Alahyari School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Malihe Nasiri Department of Biostatics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 11 09 2019 11 23 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18910 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18910/7674

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1602 1610 Joon-Chul Ji Wellness Sports Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Korea Seyong Jang Department of Taekwondo, College of Arts and Physical Education, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea 2022 05 16 2022 07 09 Background: We aimed to verify the effect of betting propensity as perceived by golf participants on exercise addiction, as well as the moderating effects of gender, average number of strokes, weekly exercise frequency, and monthly rounding frequency on these relationships. Methods: The study included 377 individuals who utilized golf driving ranges and courses in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province (Korea) selected using the non-probability sampling method. The data collected thereafter were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and moderating effect analysis using Jamovi version 2.2.2 (University of Newcastle, Sydney, Australia). When the moderating effect was statistically significant, simple linear regression analysis was used to verify the results. Results: Betting propensity had a positive effect on all sub-factors related to exercise addiction (withdrawal symptoms, conflict, attachment, tolerance, and obsessive–compulsive disorder) (P<0.05). Only the average number of stroke exerted a significant moderating effect on these relationships (P<0.05). Specifically, greater perceived betting propensity was associated with a greater propensity for exercise addiction, and this phenomenon was more pronounced among those with a low average number of strokes. Conclusion: The current results suggest that greater perceived betting propensity is associated with an increased risk of exercise addiction among golf participants, especially those who are relatively more skilled. These results highlight the need to emphasize participating for the enjoyment of golf and psychological satisfaction without promoting practices that can lead to exercise addiction, such as betting golf. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28770 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28770/7660

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1502 1512 Shahin Nargesi Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Saeed Husseini Barghazan Department of Health Economic, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Teh-ran, Iran Nadia Sani'ee Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Asma Rashki Kemmak Department of Health Economic, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 04 14 2021 07 18 Background: We aimed to review the systematic economic evaluation of denosumab versus than alternative drugs and oral bisphosphonates of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women and help health system policy makers for prioritizing and optimally allocate limited health resources. Methods: We examined the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ProQuest. Strategy search was designed based on keywords. Inclusion criteria were: studies that conducted economic evaluation denosumab compared to oral bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cost-effectiveness studies conducted using decision analysis models based on the economic evaluation approach; studies with available full-text papers; and studies written in English and published between 2010 and 2020. After selecting articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted and the results were summarized. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the CHEERS checklist. Results: Among 214 initial studies, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on the cost-effectiveness of denosumab compared with oral bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis. The study agreed interval ranged from 3 months to 5 years. The costs investigated in the studies were direct medical costs. In most studies, the use of denosumab significantly prevented fractures. Conclusion: Denosumab is generally more cost-effective than alternative drugs and oral bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, strontium ranelate, ibandronate, and untreated).   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24562 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24562/7650

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1688 1689 Mahrokhsadat Vaziri School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Haleh Dadgostar Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Faeze Abbasi School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 11 16 2019 12 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18958 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18958/7675

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1611 1617 Qiuhua Jia Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276000, Shandong Provnce, P.R. China Fei Yu Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical College Linyi, Linyi, 276000, Shandong Provnce, P.R. China Yong Ding Birth Defect Study Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, P.R. of China Qi Cao Birth Defect Study Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, P.R. of China Hua Wei Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276000, Shandong Provnce, P.R. China Chunling Ma 1. Birth Defect Study Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, P.R. of China 2. Experimental Center of Molecular Biology, Shandong Medical College, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, P.R. China 2021 12 20 2022 03 03 Background: We aimed to investigate the pathogen infection in vaginal secretions of women in Linyi area. Methods: From October 2016 to September 2018, a total of 49,343 vaginal secretion specimens from women who attended Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi District, Shandong Province, China were used to detect the cleanliness, Candida, clue cells, Trichomonas, etc. with Ultra-high power microscopy. Results: Among the 49343 patients, 6377 had vaginal cleanliness of degree Ⅰ～Ⅱ, the detection rate was 37.89%; 10455 cases of Ⅲ～Ⅳ degree, the detection rate was 62.11%; 13193 cases of simple vaginal pathogen infection, the detection rate was 26.74%. Among them, 9256 cases of vaginal Candida (VVC) had a detection rate of 18.76%; 3176 cases of Bacterial vaginosis (BV) had a detection rate of 6.44%; and 761 cases of Trichomonas infection (TV) had a detection rate 1.54%; 899 cases of mixed infection. The detection rate was 1.82% and the detection rate of each pathogen in the 18-30 year old group was the highest. The detection rates of VVC, BV, TV and MVI were 10.80%, 3.25%, 0.65%, 1.00%, repsectively. Conclusion: The incidence of VVC women with vaginitis in Linyi was the highest, and the incidence was mainly between 18 and 40 years old. The infection rate of VVC, BV and MVI pathogens was the highest in summer, and the infection rate of TV was the highest in autumn.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27225 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27225/7662

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1513 1524 Firooz Esmaeilzadeh Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Masoud Mohammadi Department of Golestan Research Centre of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Abolfazl Amjadipour Student Research Committee, Medicine Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Alireza Jafari Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Rozhan Khezri Urmia Health Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Abdolhalim Rajabi Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2021 08 14 2021 10 27 Background: Syphilis is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections (STI) and a public health problem, but the literature describing the true burden of syphilis is limited. In Iran, there are no accurate results on the prevalence of syphilis. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of syphilis in Iran. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of Syphilis in Iran. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies as of Sep 13, 2020, in international and national databases. The results are presented in the form of forest plots and tables. Pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Der Simonian and Laird method. Perform subgroup analysis through population, gender, city, and diagnostic tests to assess the source of heterogeneity. Results: We reviewed 1,229 papers and reports, and extracted data from 15 eligible records. The prevalence of combined syphilis in Iran is 0.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.1-0.1%). The prevalence of syphilis was 0.4% in men (95% confidence interval [95% CI] -0.3, 1%) and 0.6% in women (95% confidence interval [95% CI] (0.1, 1%)). The cumulative meta-analysis showed a decline in the prevalence of syphilis between the years 1999 and 2015. Conclusion: The prevalence of syphilis in Iran is low. In the past few decades, the prevalence of syphilis across the country has declined. Syphilis infection is a small burden that needs to be revised in the implementation of high-cost screening programs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25940 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25940/7651

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1618 1628 Hee-Sun Kim Office of Policy Research for Future Healthcare, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea Bit-Na Yoo Office of Policy Research for Future Healthcare, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea Eun-Ji Lee Office of Policy Research for Future Healthcare, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Republic of Korea Eun-Whan Lee Office of Ecology & Environment Research, Gyeonggi Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea Jae-Hyun Park Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea 2020 09 01 2021 04 29 Background: This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a community-based primary care program focused on hypertension and diabetes in Korea. Methods: We selected patients and doctors who participated in the community-based primary care program as study subjects from Aug 2015 to Jan 2016. Patients and physicians completed a survey, and medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding clinical variables. Change in the baseline recognition of diseases, motivation for changing health behavior, medical services utilization, doctor-patient relationship were assessed after participation in the program. Results: Both patients and physicians indicated there was improvement in recognition of disease, motivation for changing health behavior, medical services utilization, and doctor-patient relationship (All of recognition scores were above the median point). Patient health behavior such as exercise, smoking, drinking and diet and clinical variables (blood pressure and blood glucose and cholesterol level) also showed significant improvement. Conclusion: The community-based primary care program was found to be helpful in improving hypertension and diabetes patients’ overall outcomes and their healthcare providers’ behavior. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22053 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22053/7661

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1525 1537 Mahdieh Arian Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ali Valinejadi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mohsen Soleimani Nursing Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2021 12 22 2022 05 07 Background: Application of technology in virtual or remote cardiac rehabilitation programs can resolve the challenge of accessing healthcare services and reduce access level inequalities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of technology on different clinical outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation programs used for cardiovascular (CVD) patients. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and a comprehensive evidence map of overview was used. Two researchers searched electronic databases such as Science Direct, Medline / PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar and Cochrane library at the time of publication until Mar 21, 2021. Results: Of 51 reviews published, most of them have reported that the virtual or remote cardiac rehabilitation had a positive effect on most outcomes compared to usual care, and the difference in the type of comparison group and the high heterogeneity in reviews with inconsistent results are due to different technologies used in the interventions, follow-up duration, the type of heart disease, tools, and reporting methods, the quality of the reviews, and the quality of the primary studies included in the reviews. Conclusion: Two important factors before choosing the remote cardiac rehabilitation technology include the complexity of technology and the level of satisfaction and acceptability of the interventions among participants. The simplicity of the interventions increases the acceptability level, and the more complex design and advanced monitoring level during the interventions and the need for specific equipment affect cost saving, so it is important to consider the above cases while choosing the type of technology. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27251 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27251/7652

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1629 1636 Djordje Arsenovic Student Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Bojan Djokic Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Zoran Kovacevic Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dejan Stevanovic Department of Psychiatry, Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia Katarina Janicijevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Mirjana Janicijevic Petrovic Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Svetlana Radevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2021 01 13 2021 06 06 Background: We aimed to examine the quality of l> Nahid Askari Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran Marziye Shad Pirouz Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Vida Mafikandi Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Morteza Hadizadeh Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2023 07 23 2023 10 31 Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an exceedingly malignant ailment that is not only characterized by its insidious onset and rapid progression but also by its poor therapeutic effects. Recently, emerging evidence has shed light on the significant role that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), play in the pathogenesis of PC. This investigation aimed to construct a network of interactions between miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs, as well as to perform correlation analyses in the context of PC. Methods: This study carried out in Kerman City, southeastern Iran in 2023. We utilized the GSE119794 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to analyze differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs), miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), and mRNAs (DE-mRNAs). Following the identification of the DE-lncRNAs, DE-mRNAs, and DE-miRNAs, we proceeded to examine differentially expressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes. Subsequently, we utilized the RNAInter database to predict interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Finally, we employed Cytoscape to visualize and analyze the constructed network. Results: 14 DE-lncRNAs, 14 DE-miRNAs, 545 DE-mRNAs, and 65 DE-EMT from pancreatic cancer and its adjacent tissue RNA-Seq data were identified. 1184 EMT genes from dbEMT were obtained, among which 65 DE-EMT were assigned as EMT genes and correlated with tumor progression. One functional lncRNA (UCA1) was identified as a key functional lncRNA. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of UCA1 and miR-708-5p were 0.79 and 0.86, respectively. Thus, it is reasonable to believe that this prognostic risk model helps predict PC metastasis. Conclusion: UCA1 is a new lncRNA linked with EMT in PC and contributes to a better knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms related to lncRNAs in PC. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32656 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32656/8298

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1670 1680 Mohammad-Esmaeil Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Fararouei HIV/ADIS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran Leila Asef Kabiri Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Karami Department of Reproductive Health Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Gheibi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra Nikeghbalian Department of Reproductive Health Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afsaneh Maki Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Amin Bashirpour Cancer Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Farid Moradian Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Alborz, Iran Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh Neonatal and Children’s Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2023 03 11 2023 08 13 Background: We aimed to investigate the patterns of i