Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 11 2025 11 28 2298 2312 Jeheon Moon Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Republic of Korea Jiho So Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dae-jeon, Republic of Korea Youngju Jeon Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dae-jeon, Republic of Korea Sungmin Kim 1. Institute of School Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Lifesports Education, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea 2025 03 30 2025 06 07 Background: Grip strength is often used as a proxy for systemic muscle strength due to its ease of measurement, but varying errors may occur due to measurement factors. Standing long jump and vertical jump are components of physical fitness, considered to reflect lower extremity muscle power. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the suitability of grip strength as a measure of muscle strength and its relationship to standing long jump and vertical jump performance following muscle-strengthening exercises. Methods: Articles were selected using the PICOSD framework through a search of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect up to Dec 6, 2024, including studies involving young, healthy adults, muscle strength improvement, and key terms such as grip strength, standing long jump, vertical jump, and resistance or plyometric training. Thirteen studies were included, comprising 496 participants. Effect sizes for grip strength, standing long jump, and vertical jump were calculated, with internal validity confirmed via publication bias and qualitative assessment. Results: Meta-analysis of 13 articles with 32 data points revealed a significant improvement in grip strength after muscle-strengthening programs (I²=60%, P<.01), with an effect size (ES) of -1.36 (95% CI: -2.11, -0.62). However, standing long jump and vertical jump showed no significant differences post-training (long jump: I²=0%, P<.65; vertical jump: I²=4%, P<.41), with small effect sizes (long jump, ES: -0.28 [95% CI: -0.51, -0.05]; vertical jump, ES: -0.35 [95% CI: -0.52, -0.19]). Conclusion: Grip strength is a more reliable indicator of muscle strength than standing long jump and vertical jump, which mainly assess muscle strength rather than muscle strength. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38665 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38665/8691

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 11 2025 11 28 2313 2324 EN . Aslinda 1. Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 2. Department of Nursing, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Masni . Department of Biostatistics, Demography, and Family Planning, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, IndonesiaMasni Veni Hadju Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Kadek Ayu Erika Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Apik Indarty Moedjiono Department of Biostatistics, Demography, and Family Planning, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Shanti Riskiyani Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Abdul Salam Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 2025 02 10 2025 08 10 Babies with low birth weight (LBW) are the highest contributor to neonatal mortality rates. Kangaroo care is an effective, cost-effective nursing action recommended by WHO for the care of premature and LBW babies which can reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the scope of kangaroo care practice is still low. Various databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Science Direct have been used as research sources. The time span for the articles accessed ranged from 2014 to 2024. The benefits of kangaroo care can improve the growth of premature and LBW babies, increase breastfeeding, improve the physiological function of babies, reduce infant mortality rates and reduce stress of mothers of premature and LBW babies. Supporting factors for kangaroo care are government support and health service providers, community and socio-cultural support, knowledge and awareness of mothers and inhibiting factors are lack of infrastructure and health facilities, socio-economic and cultural problems, challenges for mothers of LBW babies and lack of knowledge and awareness of various related parties. Kangaroo method care is beneficial for babies and mothers of LBW babies and there are supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This aimed to increase the coverage of kangaroo method care implementation so as to optimize the growth of LBW babies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37950 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37950/8692

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 11 2025 11 28 2325 2341 Lili Chen Department of Blood Transfusion, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China Yangyang Zhang Department of Blood Transfusion, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China Qiqi Ni Department of Laboratory, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China 2025 02 19 2025 06 07 Background: We aimed to assess the clinical significance of obstetric coagulation tests in the prevention and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and to analyze the characteristics of changes in key coagulation indicators during pregnancy and delivery. Methods: The system searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of science, Wanfang Data knowledge service platform, VIP and China Knowledge Network databases for relevant literature from inception to Aug 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the information and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata/SE 16.0 software. Results: Twelve studies involving 2531 cases were included. Key findings versus non-pregnant women showed: significantly higher maternal D-dimer (Mean Difference (MD)=1.08, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.61, 1.56) and fibrinogen (MD=1.57, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.10); and lower prothrombin time (PT) (MD=1.13, 95%CI: 0.43, 1.83) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (MD=0.73, 95%CI: 0.31, 1.16). Longitudinal trends across pregnancy trimesters were also significant: D-dimer increased from 0.24 mg/L to 0.46 mg/L and 0.72 mg/L (P=0.02); fibrinogen rose from 3.94 g/L to 4.38 g/L and 5.05 g/L (P<0.001); and PT demonstrated statistically significant changes (P=0.00). Conclusion: Obstetric coagulation tests effectively reflect changing coagulation status during pregnancy, providing great value for early DIC prevention and intervention. Regular monitoring of key indices can help optimize clinical DIC management and offer more comprehensive strategies for obstetric patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38229 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38229/8693

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 11 2025 11 28 2342 2355 Muhammad Pranata 1. Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 2. Public Health Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia Fawziyyah Saddiq Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan Jiun Yi Wang Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan Yu Lyu Yeh Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 2024 05 03 2025 02 18 Background: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of interventions delivered by CHWs and their strategies for reducing stunting in LMICs. Methods: We undertook a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. The articles were selected from major electronic databases, reference lists and grey literature from 2016 and 2023. Results: Seventeen articles were included in the final analysis from the initial 2,899 search results. CHW-led interventions significantly reduce stunting. Training and refresher courses enhanced outcomes, while challenges included inconsistent implementation and resource constraints. The variability in results underscores the need for multisectoral collaboration to maximize impact. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the significant role of CHW-led interventions in reducing stunting, emphasizing their potential as accessible and reliable resources for local communities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35320 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35320/8694

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 11 2025 11 28 2356 2366 Keli Qu Department of Child Healthcare, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China Zhiliang Gao Department of Pediatric, Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou, China Cong Chang Department of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Municipal Hospital, Binzhou, China Meizhe Gao Department of Child Healthcare, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China 2025 03 12 2025 08 09 Background: We examined and compared microbiological variables, trace elements, and biological markers in autistic children. Methods: Several databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVID, Google Scholar, and Embase, were utilized for data collection and analysis. We studied meta-analysis data and used a continuous model with fixed or random effects to get mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-seven studies involving 2557 children from 2014 to 2024 were analyzed. Results: Autism spectrum disorder had significantly higher C-reactive protein (MD, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.11-2.39, P=0.03), interleukin 6 (MD: 2.80; 95%CI, 1.13-4.46, P=0.001), serotonin (MD, 111.92; 95%CI, 63.75-160.09, P<0.001), Faecalibacterium (MD, 0.48; 95%CI: 0.29-0.66, P<0.001), and Parabacteroides (MD, 0.20; 95%CI: 0.14-0.26, P<0.001), lower oxytocin (MD, -53.24; 95% CI, -73.39- -33.09, P<0.001), and serum iron (MD, -5.78; 95% CI, -9.43- -2.13, P=0.002) compared to control in children. Conclusion: Autism spectrum disorder had significantly higher C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, serotonin, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides, lower oxytocin, and serum iron compared to control in children. Further research studies with larger sample sizes are needed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38484 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38484/8695

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 11 2025 11 28 2367 2378 Rina Jayanti Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Universitas Muhammadiyah PKU Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia Sri Lestari Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia Taufik Taufik Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia Eny Purwandari Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia 2025 03 07 2025 07 08 Background: Compassionate care represents a foundational value in healthcare education, essential for cultivating empathy and holistic patient engagement. Despite its recognized significance, integrating compassionate care into educational curricula remains complex. We systematically explored its conceptualization, implementation, and pedagogical strategies within health education to inform curriculum development and professional training. Methods: Scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Literature search in Dec 2024 in the Scopus, Emerald Insight, and Wiley Online Library databases, English publications from the last 10 years, focussing on compassionate care in health education. Flow diagram for the PRISMA review scoping shows the search and selection procedures. Tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for thematic analysis. Overall, 4,119 articles were screened, and 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Compassionate care enhances empathy, communication, and professional behaviour among students. Development is carried out through experiential learning, narrative reflection, clinical practice, and the role of mentors. Programs like the Kind Care Bundle and empathy training have proven effective. However, implementation faces obstacles such as academic pressure, a rigid educational culture, and a lack of communication training. A structured curriculum approach and an inclusive learning environment are necessary to sustainably cultivate compassion competence in health education. Conclusion: Compassionate care is an essential component in healthcare education that contributes to the formation of empathetic attitudes and patient-centered care. The integration of compassion values into the curriculum through reflective approaches, clinical practice, and mentorship guidance is important to produce competent, humanistic healthcare professionals who are ready to face the challenges of professional practice. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38424 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38424/8696

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 11 2025 11 28 2379 2394 Yunyan Deng Obstetrical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, 550001, China Ling Yang Obstetrical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, 550001, China Yan Li Obstetrical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, 550001, China Huaping Han Obstetrical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang, 550001, China 2025 sherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 788 796 Feng Wei Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China Qin Li Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 2022 02 28 2022 04 13 Background: Patients with leukemia easily develop negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression, during their treatment. To improve the available mental intervention measures for patients with tumors, we explored the influences of mental nursing based on Rosenthal effect on the post-traumatic growth, negative emotions, and coping style of patients after undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia. Methods: A total of 90 patients who underwent chemotherapy for leukemia in The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected. They were randomly divided into the control group (n=45) and observation group (n=45). Patients in the observation group received mental nursing based on Rosenthal effect. The post-traumatic growth, negative emotions, and coping styles of these two groups were assessed using the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). Results: After the intervention, patients in the observation group show higher scores in the dimensions of reflections on life, individual power, new possibilities, and self-transformation in PTGI, and their total scores are overall higher than those of the control group. The observation group also receive lower scores in SAS and SDS compared with the control group. While the observation group also receive significantly higher scores in some dimensions in MCMQ compared with the control group, the former received significantly lower scores in retreating and succumbing. Conclusion: Mental nursing based on Rosenthal effect can positively promote the physical and psychological health of patients after receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28021 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28021/7561

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 733 745 Emine Ergin Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul, Turkey Belgin Akın Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey Deniz Kocoglu-Tanyer Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey 2020 12 20 2021 05 06 Background: One of the best ways to maintain and develop physical and psychosocial health is to make regular home visits. This meta-analysis aimed to determine (by subgroups) the effects of interventions based on nurses’ home visits on physical and psychological health outcomes of older people. Methods:  This search was carried out using the The CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Turkish databases. Experimental and observational studies were included. Results: The meta-analysis included 26 (with subgroups 50) out of 13110 studies. The minimum and maximum values of the effect size (Hedges g) were g = -0.708 and g = 0.525, respectively. The average effect size was g = 0.084 (SD = 0.21). Conclusion: Home visit interventions are effective in reducing the frequency of hospitalization in the older adults, and improving physical and psychosocial health. They are negatively effective on falls and have no significant effect on the quality of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23258 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23258/7556

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 961 963 Jae Hee Choi Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea Ki Dong Ko Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea In Cheol Hwang Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea Hong Yup Ahn Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea 2019 10 16 2019 11 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18667 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18667/7581

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 797 807 Siwipa Pruitikanee Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Jinda Kongcharoen Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Supattra Puttinaovarat Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Thotsaphon Yaifai Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Sasikorn Chaitada Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand 2020 11 15 2021 03 06 Background: Cerebrovascular diseases or stroke tend to cause high mortality in Thailand. An essential responsibility of a hospital is the development of medical care to support the safety of patients. For this purpose, a smartphone application was developed for the risk assessment and emergency system for stroke treatment in a hospital in Thailand.  Methods: The proposed application involved the risk assessment related to the occurrence of stroke evaluated by the health status and face image using analytical geometry and face detection technology. The social network Application Programming Interface (API), LINE Notify API, and Global Positioning System (GPS) were used to inform the Stroke team in the Suratthani hospital about emergency cases, followed their requirement in 2020. Results: From the testing, the facial angulation classification, calculated using a support vector machine (SVM), had 92.38% accuracy. The system also provided an emergency call and text messaging that includes patient’s current location and personal information to the stroke team directly, which gave an opportunity for the patient to receive treatment quickly. Conclusion: The emergency system can help quickly perform the risk assessment of stroke. Our proposed system provides automated management. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22879 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22879/7562

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 746 757 Jinhang Zhang Department of General Surgery, Fenghua TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Fenghua, Zhejiang 315500, China Jing Yang Department of Urology, Yuyao People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, China 2021 07 17 2022 01 08 Abstract Background: Intake of allium vegetables may modify the risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association between allium vegetables intake and breast cancer risk via a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were electronically searched up to June 2021 to identify relevant studies. We used random-effect models to calculate pooled risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of breast cancer with allium vegetables intake. Results: A total of 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis on the association of total allium vegetables, garlic and onion intake with breast cancer risk. The combined risk estimate of breast cancer for the highest vs lowest category of total allium vegetables, garlic and onion intake was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49-0.91, P < 0.001), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61-0.93, P = 0.016) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53-0.98, P < 0.001), respectively. A significant heterogeneity was found among studies for all three pooled analyses. Conclusion: High intake of allium vegetables may be protective against the development of breast cancer. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.   Keywords: ; ; ; ;     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25598 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25598/7557

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 964 966 Hyejin Park Department of Health Sciences, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea Kisok Kim College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea 2019 08 01 2019 08 21 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17948 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17948/7582

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 808 813 Zhihui Xia Department of Nursing, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China Youping Tan Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China Cui Ru Continuing Education Center, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos 017010, China 2021 09 23 2021 11 29 Background: To study the application effect of doctor-nurse collaborative and hierarchical management combined with nursing risk management in nursing management of patients with postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: Overall 200 patients with postpartum hemorrhage treated in Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (Guangzhou, China) from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019 were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received the nursing model of doctor-nurse collaborative and hierarchical management combined with nursing risk management while the control group received nursing risk management to compare the satisfaction, medical record quality before and after nursing, incidence of nursing risk events and treatment effect between the two groups. Results: After nursing management, the bleeding volume in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). The quality score of nursing records in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The occurrence of nursing risk events in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). The overall nursing satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). The treatment effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Doctor-nurse collaborative and hierarchical management combined with nursing risk management had a significant effect in the nursing management of patients with postpartum hemorrhage, which is worthy of promotion and application. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26365/7563

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 13 758 769 Reza Ramazani Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbaas Ostadtaghizadeh Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezoo Yari Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2. Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Soltani Iran-Helal Institute of Applied-Science and Technology, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Health Management in Mass Gathering, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran Shah Bakhti Rostami Payam-e-Noor Alborz University, Karaj, Iran Ahad Heydari Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2021 06 29 2021 10 27 Background: We aimed to identify the indicators and criteria to locate temporary shelters for conflict refugees. Methods: This systematic review evaluated the full-text of the related articles in international electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochran, and Google Scholar from the beginning and without time limit to 1 June 2019. In addition, this search was based on a strategy developed by the researchers. The studies were selected regardless of their methods and two data extraction forms were used to extract the most relevant and important information. Results: Among 10124 cases of primary documents, 38 articles were selected, and 25 articles were analyzed in full-text. Totally, 45 indicators were identified and classified into two main categories of physical and non-physical indicators with six subcategories of land ownership, host government, access to infrastructures, site safety, land characteristics, and economic, social, and cultural considerations. Conclusion: The selection of temporary shelters for the conflict refugees requires the identification of all the specific influential factors not properly addressed. The final indicators obtained in our review could be incorporated into the development of the models required in this regard. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25411 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25411/7558

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 814 820 Xiaosu Ni Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Xiao-Wen Rui Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Jing Wu Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Wenwen Zhao Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Suyun Jiang Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Rongjie Wang Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China Lichun Wang Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Pharmaceutical High Tech Zone, Jiangsu Province 225300, China 2021 09 28 2021 11 29 Background: To probe into the influence of evidence-based nursing (EBN) on clinical recovery and prognosis of patients with arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Totally, 240 AMI patients with arrhythmia treated in Taizhou People's Hospital（Jiangsu, China） from July 2019 to December 2020 were collected and randomly divided into the study group (n = 120) and control group (n = 120). The control group was received routine nursing, while the study group carried out EBN. The following indicators were evaluated and compared between the two groups: length of hospital stay, symptom disappearance time, cardiac function, psychological status, and incidence of adverse events after 6 months of follow-up were. Results: Compared to the control group, the length of hospital stay, symptom disappearance time, LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), LVEDD (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter), SAS (self-rating anxiety scale) score and SDS (self-rating depression scale) score in the study group were significant improves (P < 0.05), and the incidence of adverse events after 6-month follow-up in the study group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: EBN intervention for AMI patients with arrhythmia can significantly improve the length of hospital stay and symptom disappearance time, adjust cardiac function and psychological status, and reduce the incidence of adverse events. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26412 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26412/7564

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 821 830 Gulbarshyn Mukasheva Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Madina Abenova Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Askhat Shaltynov Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Oxana Tsigengage Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Zhanna Mussabekova Department of General Medical Practice, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Tolkyn Bulegenov Department of Hospital and Pediatric Surgery, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Gulnara Shalgumbaeva Department of Family Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Yuliya Semenova Department of Neurology, Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan 2019 11 22 2021 03 06 Background: We aimed to evaluate the impact of national health programs implemented in Kazakhstan from 2011 on CVD incidence and mortality. Methods: Incidence and mortality rates from CVD were studied in Kazakhstan from 2004 to 2017. The official data obtained from “Medinform” company were analyzed based on the annual population statistics. Results: There was an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease among the population of Kazakhstan from 1845.4 per 100,000 in 2004 to 2597.5 per 100,000 in 2017. This might be attributed to the implementation of the national health programs, which improved early CVD identification. Incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was grown almost in all provinces of Kazakhstan during the study period. The mortality from cardiovascular disease had a considerable decline over the study period, in particular after 2010, it might be influenced by early diagnosis and provision of timely treatment. Conclusion: The experience of Kazakhstan national health programs shows improved identification of CVD and IHD and timely treatment for cardiovascular disease. A significant variation in incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease was observed between the country provinces. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18974 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18974/7565

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 831 838 Lijuan Guo Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China Xiaorong Yin Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China Xiaoqi Zeng Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China Lu Tang Department of Information System, Chengdu Library and Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan, China Dengsuo Zhang Department of Information System, Chengdu Library and Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan, China 2021 09 22 2021 11 29 Background: To explore the application of nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode in standardized training and teaching for newly recruited nurses in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and its impact on their emergency response ability and competence. Methods: From Jan 2019 to Jan 2020, a total of 120 PACU nurses with professional qualification certificates in West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China were enrolled and randomized into group A (n=60) and group B (n=60). Conventional standardized PACU training and teaching was applied in group B, and nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode was applied in group A. After training for 12 weeks, the examination scores, competence and emergency response ability in the two groups were compared. Results: After training, the scores of theoretical examination, comprehensive scene simulation and nursing document in group A were conspicuously higher than those in group B (P<0.001). After training, the competence and emergency response ability in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.001). Conclusion: With a better training effect, nursing practice combined with scene simulation teaching mode can enhance the emergency response ability and competence for nurses in PACU, which should be promoted in practice. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26354 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26354/7566

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 839 850 Dariush D. Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Marjan Zarif-Yeganeh 1. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran 2. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atefeh Mehrabi Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Ali-Reza Afshari Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohammad Bagher Rokni School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Keyvan Majidi Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran Maryam Jalali Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Amir Zargar Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolfattah Sarafnejad 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Sadeghipour 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh Zokaei Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Farideh Khosravi 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Jalali 1. Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Khazeni Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 04 14 Background: Calcium is a necessary mineral for life to keep the body and bones healthy. Various factors including hormones, diet, age, and gender affect serum calcium status. The aim of this sturdy was to assess the serum calcium level (SCL) of Tehran population, which has about 10 million multi-Ethnic populations and represents from the whole country. Methods: In this retrospective study, the measured SCL of 105,128 individuals referred to different laboratories of Tehran, Iran were evaluated and its relationship with the age, gender, seasons, and different years during 2009-2018, were analyzed. Results: After excluding outliers, 91,257samples remained, which 61162 (58.64%) and 30,095 (41.36%) were female and male, respectively.  The mean SCL was 9.36 (9.35, 9.37) mg/dl (95%CI). The highest and lowest SCLs were 3.1 and 18.2mg/dl, respectively. From the total study population, 74127 (81.23%) had normal SCLs, 14110 (15.46%) had hypocalcemia, and 3020 (3.31%) had hypercalcemia. SCLs were normal in 83.6% of men and 79.66% of women. Women had a significantly higher frequency of hypocalcemia compared to men (17.2% vs. 12.83%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Normal and abnormal SCLs were significantly different in age groups and in both genders. It means that gender and age affect SCLs. Every year of increasing age, reduces the chance of hypercalcemia by 40%, significantly. Age seems to affect hypercalcemia more than hypocalcemia. Age in men increases the risk of hypocalcemia, and reduces the risk of hypocalcemia in women. Therefore, it is recommended to encourage dietary calcium intake among premenopausal women and older men. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28446 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28446/7567

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 851 859 EN Minoo Heidari Almasi Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Barzin Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Serahati Department of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Majid Valizadeh Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amirabbas Momenan Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Feridoun Azizi Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Farhad Hosseinpanah Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 09 22 2021 01 19 Background: We aimed at evaluating the best body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF) cutoffs related to cardio-metabolic risk factors and comparing the discriminative power of PBF and BMI for predicting these risk factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study in phase V (2012-2015), 1271 participants (age ≥ 20 yr; 54.3% women) were enrolled. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to estimate PBF. Joint Interim Statement criteria were used for defining metabolic syndrome (MetS). We compared PBF with BMI through logistic regression and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Percent body fat cutoff points were > 25 in men and >35 in women. Results: Percent body fat and BMI cutoff points for predicting MetS were 25.6% and 27.2 kg/m2 in men and 36.2% and 27.5 kg/m2 in women, respectively. There were no significant differences between BMI and PBF area under the ROC curves for predicting MetS and its components, except for abdominal obesity in men and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women in favor of BMI. Logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI in women was better for predicting MetS and its components, except for abdominal obesity. Moreover, BMI was equal or superior to PBF in men, except for low HDL and high triglyceride levels. Conclusion: Comparison of PBF with BMI showed that the use of PBF is not significantly better than BMI in predicting cardio-metabolic risks in the general population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22289 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22289/7568

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 860 870 Hamide Rahmani Seraji Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohmmad Esmaeil Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Rezvani Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davood Bashash Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Mabani Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atieh Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Raeisi Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Ghasem Janbabee Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Sina Salari Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 11 19 2021 03 06 Background: The heterogeneity, high rate of mortality and lack of comprehensive diagnostic methods have categorized primary sarcomas of the thorax as a malignancy with dismal outcomes and unknown etiology. Given the fundamental role of epidemiological analysis in establishing management strategies, we designed a study with focus on the epidemiological characteristics of primary thoracic sarcomas in Iran.   Methods: This national population-based cancer study was conducted on patients with histologically confirmed sarcoma of the thorax referred to the Iranian National Cancer Registry between 2009 and 2014. The incidence was calculated as number of cases per 100,000 person-years and was age-adjusted by the direct method using the weight of the 1960 world standard population.   Results: Over a 6-year period, 1477 cases with pathologically confirmed thoracic sarcomas were registered in Iran, of which 896 were male and 581 were female. Khuzestan Province had the highest incidence of thoracic sarcomas as compared to other provinces. Malignant mesothelioma was the most common histological subtype (20.85%). Moreover, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of the disease was 1.94 per 100,000 which was more common in males than females with the highest incidence rate in men aged more than 65 years.  Conclusion: Our study provided valuable epidemiologic data on characteristics of thoracic sarcomas. This data can be used for strategizing preventive measures. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22924 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22924/7569

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 871 879 Bahman Pourhassan Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farideh Golbabaei Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh Farhang Dehghan Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Pourmand Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahereh Mousavi Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ensieh Masoorian Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 04 07 2020 06 24 Background: We aimed to investigate the efficiency of neat polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and photocatalytic PAN/TiO2 nanofibers for removal of airborne microorganisms. Methods: Nanofibers were fabricated from 16 wt% of PAN dissolved in dimethyl formamide through the electrospinning technique. The efficiency of media for removal of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis was investigated at different conditions such as face velocity, relative humidity, air temperature and UVC radiation intensity. as face velocity (0.1 and 0.3 m/s), relative humidity (35±5% and 60±5%), air temperature (22±3 °C and 30±3 °C) and the UVC radiation intensity (dark, 1±0.09 mW/cm2 and 1.8±0.07 mW/cm2) using air sampling from upstream and downstream of media by cascade impactor containing blood agar culture medium. Results: The mean diameter of electrospun fibers and coefficient of variation were 194 nm and 15%, respectively. The amount of immobilized TiO2 on the filter was 620±6.56 mg/m2. Photocatalytic nanofiber filter media presented the best performance for removal of airborne B. subtilis at 60±5% relative humidity, 0.1 m/s face velocity, air temperature 22 °C, and 1.8 ± 0.07 mW/cm2 UVC radiation. Conclusion: The filtration efficiency of photocatalytic media was significantly higher than neat ones. Lower efficiency of media was found in the higher air velocity for all bioaerosols. High UVC radiation intensity increased filtration efficiency. Moreover, the increase in air temperature and relative humidity (except for TiO2-coated media under UVC radiation) did not significantly affect the filtration efficiency of all media. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20286 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20286/7570

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 4 2022 04 14 880 885 Majid Mesgartehrani Social Health Research Center, Nasim Institute, Tehran, Iran Mahin Kakolarimi Office of Nursing Education, Valiasr Hospital, Tehran, Iran Dariush D Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Shabany 1. Social Health Research Center, Nasim Institute, Tehran, Iran 2. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zainab Mesgartehrani Social Health Research Center, Nasim Institute, Tehran, Iran Dariush Norozian New Medical Technologies Research Center, Nasim Institute, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mesgartehrani Social Health Research Center, Nasim Institute, Tehran, Iran 2020 06 06 2020 08 20 Background: Workplace problems can lead to psychosomatic complaints. We aimed to assess the relationship between general health and occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders along with psychosomatic complaints. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.  This research was conducted about the nurses who worked at the hospitals located in the northwest of Tehran, Iran (Valiasr, Farhikhtegan, and Khatam), and participated in this study from Aug 2019 to Feb 2020. The data were collected by the demographic and clinical information questionnaire. Goldberg's general health questionnaire and psychosomatic complaint scale were completed by nurses. Results: In total, 158 nurses participated in this study. There was a significant relationship between the score of the general health questionnaire (GHQ) and psychosomatic complaints in three categories (low, moderate, and high) (P≤0.0001). There was a significant relationship between the mean score of GHQ and musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck, shoulder, forearm, hand and wrist, upper/lower back, knee, and ankle (P≤0.0001). Conclusion: Continuity of psychosomatic complaints may be a risk factor for mental health in nurses and may affect the quality of care. Hence, health policymakers and hospital managers should consider it in service training for nurses.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21036 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/arti