Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2212 2222 EN Yingjia Zhu Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China Feng Cheng Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China WenHui Wang Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China XinYun Yang Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China Mingjie He Department of General Practice, Yiqiao Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China Zhiyin Zhang Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China LinLing Zhu Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China 2024 09 01 2025 04 23 Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is influenced by immune factors, particularly immune cells. The causal relationship between these cells and PPD is unclear. Methods: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was performed to determine the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and PPD. The main analysis method used was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. To ensure the robustness, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy of the results, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results: Overall, 28 immune cell phenotypes were identified as causally related to the onset of PPD. Most of them were distributed in the B cell group and the Treg cell group. Further analysis revealed that 13 types of immune cells had a promoting effect on PPD, whereas 15 types of immune cells had a protective effect. In addition, the incidence of PPD was found to be causally related to CD62L on granulocyte [IVW: OR (95%): 1.183 (1.037 to 1.348), P = 0.012]. Conclusion: The study unveils the causal link between immune cells and susceptibility to postpartum depression from a genetic standpoint, providing new directions for drug development and precision medicine for PPD treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36527 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36527/8679

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2046 2058 Saekyae Shin Department of Nursing, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seyoon Kim Department of Nursing, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Myeongshin Kim Department of Nursing, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Eunyoung Shin Department of Nursing, Kyung Bok University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea Sohyune Sok College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2024 12 13 2025 06 09 Background: Recently, along with the increase of the older adult population, the necessity of health management in daily life is emerging, and interest in the traditional oriental health management method, Yangsaeng, is increasing. This study was to provide a basis for future oriental health promotion intervention research by analyzing previous studies related to the Yangsaeng (oriental health management) of the older adults. Method: This study was a systematic review on older adults’ Yangsaeng. The databases used for literature search for data collection include PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library (CDSR), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Oasis, Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and DataBase Periodical Information Academic (DBpia). Analysis of the status by year, subject characteristics, study types, research design methods, and variables related to older adults’ Yangsaeng among previous studies related to older adults’ Yangsaeng published in academic journals from 1990 to 2021 was performed. Results: Eighteen quantitative studies related to the older adults’ Yangsaeng have been published so far, and all of them were descriptive research studies using Yangsaeng measurement tool. The variables related to the older adults’ Yangsaeng identified in this study were activities of daily living, self-efficacy, instrumental activities of daily living, perceived health state, self-esteem, empowerment, life satisfaction, physical function, quality of life, social support, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: The study will be helpful in the development of integrative and complementary interventions for health promotion of the older adults. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37512 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37512/8666

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 11 01 2284 2286 Agnus M Kim Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Dong Wook Shin 1. Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2. Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea 3. Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sung Kyung‑Do Han Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea Jin Hyung Jung Department of Biostatics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Jae-Hyun Park Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea 2024 12 17 2025 01 21 Letter, not abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37550 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37550/8686

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2223 2232 Serap Simavli Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuzyıl Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey Emel Caglayan Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tekirdağ, Turkey Deniz Ulas Obstetrics and Gynecology, Private Practise, Ankara, Turkey Aydin Kosus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Private Practise, Ankara, Turkey Nermin Kosus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Private Practise, Ankara, Turkey Ikbal Kaygusuz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medikal Park Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 2025 01 15 2025 07 26 Background: We sought to analyze the impact of physical activity and exercise ability, measured with a pedometer, on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Women who engaged, Türkiye in exercise for 30 minutes or longer during pregnancy were classified as the exercise group, whereas those who did not exercise were classified as the control group. The exercise capacity of women was evaluated by a 6-minute walking test utilizing a step counter, and its correlation with pregnancy outcomes was established. Postpartum anxiety levels and satisfaction were evaluated on the first and eighth days postpartum. Results: The exercise group exhibited a significantly increased step count and length, alongside a reduced incidence of pregnancy problems (P < .05). The duration of labor, initial breastfeeding time, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requirements were significantly reduced in the exercise group (P < .05). A notable disparity was detected between the two groups for anxiety levels and satisfaction and postpartum depression (P < .05). Conclusion: Regular physical activity throughout gestation positively influences pregnancy outcomes and maternal well-being, without inducing difficulties for either the mother or the infant. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37840 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37840/8680

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2059 2072 EN Kija Malale School of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Marianne Reid School of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Anne Moorhead School of Communication & Media, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK 2023 11 29 2025 02 18 Background: Digital health technologies are pivotal in delivering the WHO-recommended healthy lifestyle messages to reduce premature mortality associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). However, evidence on effective strategies to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours among patients with limited health literacy remains insufficient. This review explores current digital health communication strategies that support healthy lifestyles in adults with NCDs and low health literacy. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework, focusing on adults with NCDs and limited health literacy, digital health communication strategies, and healthy lifestyle behaviours. Searches were performed across 14 electronic databases and bibliographies of relevant studies from Jan 2012 to Nov 2022. Only primary studies published in English were included. Findings were reported following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Results: Overall, 12 studies involving 15,175 participants, predominantly from high-income countries, met the inclusion criteria. Five digital health communication strategies were identified: telecommunication-based coaching, mobile applications, text messaging programs, eHealth and web-based tools, and bundled or multimodal interventions. These strategies demonstrated positive impacts on supporting healthy lifestyle behaviours. Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of diverse digital health communication strategies to enhance healthy lifestyle behaviours in adults with NCDs and limited health literacy. Tailoring these strategies to individual preferences is critical for optimizing outcomes. Further research is required to validate these findings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33905 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33905/8667

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 11 01 2287 2289 Zahra Saboohi Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnaz Solhi Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 03 01 2025 04 07 No Abstract. Not abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38351 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38351/8687

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 11 01 2233 2241 Phannarai Sukmanee Faculty of Public Health, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand Thidarat Somdee Faculty of Public Health, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand Apiwat Tawatsin Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Prachumporn Lauprasert Faculty of Public Health, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand 2024 08 09 2025 08 10 Background: Plastic pollution, particularly from polystyrene, has emerged as a serious environmental concern, prompting growing interest in its biodegradation. We investigated the potential of four chewing insects; mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), superworm (Zophobas morio), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), and cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) to biodegrade polystyrene paper (PSP). Methods: Using a randomized complete block design, four chewing insects were divided into two groups after 48-hour fasting with water. One group received PSP only; the other received PSP mixed with tapioca starch. Weight loss of PSP was recorded after 72 hours. Results: Z. morio demonstrated the highest degradation efficiency for PSP (92.10%), followed by P. americana (32.17%). When tapioca starch was added, Z. morio remained the highest effective (95.45%), followed by T. molitor (59.15%). Supplementing starch significantly enhanced degradation rates (P < 0.05). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed signs of depolymerization, oxidation, and surface cracking. FTIR indicated new functional groups of carbonyl (C=O, 1650 cm⁻¹) and hydroxyl (O–H, 3200–3550 and 3584–3700 cm⁻¹). Conclusion: Certain chewing insects, especially Z. morio and T. molitor, possess strong potential for PSP degradation, likely aided by their gut microbiota. Notably, this study is the first to report PSP degradation by P. americana and G. bimaculatus. Further research is needed to explore the microbial mechanisms within insect guts that facilitate plastic biodegradation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36325 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36325/8681

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2073 < No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15579 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15579/7019

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 09 29 1868 1877 Şükran GÜZEL Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Eda GÜRÇAY Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Ebru KARACA UMAY Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Serdar MERCİMEKÇİ Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Aytül ÇAKCI Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey 2018 09 08 2019 01 30 Background: To evaluate the nutritional status of patients with neurological diseases during the rehabilitation process and to investigate the relationships between the nutritional status and disease severity and clinical evaluation outcomes. Methods: In this prospective trial, 109 patients with a disease duration of <6 months, hospitalized for neurological rehabilitation in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara, Turkey were enrolled from 2014-17. All patients were assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test, European Quality of Life Scale (Euro-QoL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburg Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS), and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). Nutritional status was analyzed by biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The patients received a conventional rehabilitation program and a nutritional support according to clinical and laboratory findings for 4 weeks. The outcome data were evaluated at baseline and at the end of 4-week treatment. Results: Linear regressions analysis revealed that the significant independent predictors that associated positively with baseline insulin (P=0.010) and negatively with baseline cortisol (P=0.020) levels were Brunnstrom upper and hand stages. Additionally, the significant independent predictor that associated positively with baseline insulin (P=0.041) was Brunnstrom lower stage. Conclusion: Insulin and cortisol levels may be predictors in motor function recovery of stroke patients in rehabilitation process. Early detection and treatment of malnutrition both during hospitalization and follow-up might be important for the improvement of outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14663 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14663/7002

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1839 1847 Negar BIZHANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeideh HASHEMI HAFSHEJANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Neda MOHAMMADI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi REZAEI Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Mohammad Bagher ROKNI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 09 29 Background: Cysticercosis in among the neglected tropical disease caused by eating the egg of parasite Taenia solium. In this review, we aimed to verify the prevalence of human cysticercosis in different countries of Asia using systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: Based of the protocol, reliable databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1990-2018 were searched using a panel of keywords. Overall, 48 countries of Asia were searched in turn and data were analyzed using a category of statistical tests. Results: Out of 28 included studies, 586175 samples were collected and included in the data analysis. Based on the meta-analysis results, the overall pooled percent of cysticercosis was estimated 3.8% (95% CI: [2.0, 7.0]). According to the result of heterogeneity statistics including I-squared, chi-square, and tau-squared, it was statistically significant (Tau2 = 2.94, chi2 = 12733.31, P value <0.001, I2 = 100%) therefore a random effect model was used to handle the heterogeneity of studies. To evaluate the trend of cysticercosis over the time, Cumulative meta-analysis was performed and the result showed that there was a minor upward tendency in the prevalence of cysticercosis over the time. Conclusion: Although, considering the religious culture and food habits in Asia, we might have expected to witness a low prevalence of human cysticercosis, but we noticed more or less significant infection in some countries of the region. Regarding the new feature of immigration and travel between countries, all authorities are advised to take measures on controlling and monitoring the disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22366

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2006 2008 Marjan MOHAMMADZADEH Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Hamidin AWANG Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Cheah Yt JUN Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Nor Fauziah HASHIM Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Archana PREMKUMAR Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2018 10 27 2018 11 10 N/A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15119 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15119/7020

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1878 1884 EN Haemi JEE Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University, Cheonan-si, Korea 2020 07 24 2020 09 29 Background: Increased exercise repetitions and intensities need to be compared between dominant and non-dominant sides to prevent asymmetrically conducted movements for possible dyskinesia. Methods: A total of 20 participants were enrolled from Inha University, Incheon, Korea in 2019. They were assessed for comparisons of asymmetrical motion between the dominant and non-dominant arms during the abduction and adduction lateral raises during more than fifteen repetitions and low and high exercise intensity by giving different weight loads based on 1-RM. Results: Repetition led to significant reductions in range of motion for both dominant and non-dominant sides. In addition, increased repetitions led to significant greater reductions in range of motion especially toward the last phases of repetitions. Moreover, the dominant side showed significantly increased accelerations with increased intensities. Conclusion: Increased repetitions and exercise intensity led to reduced range of motion and increased accelerations especially for the dominant sides. Dispersing kinematics should be considered to minimize possible dyskinesia between the symmetric sides when performing repetitive and loading physical activity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21599 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21599/7003

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2009 2010 EN Minxing ZHAO Department of Intellectual Property Law, Baoding University, Hebei, China 2018 05 15 2018 05 27 No abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13380 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13380/7021

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1885 1893 Huawei LIN Department of Medicine, Shandong Medical College, Jinan 250002, P.R. China Jing CHANG Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Shan-dong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250031, P.R. China Jun LI Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Shan-dong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250031, P.R. China 2020 06 17 2020 09 29 Background: To investigate the effects of docetaxel combined with icotinib on tumor markers in serum and quality of life of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Overall, 121 patients with advanced NSCLC, admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China from 2017- 2018 were selected as subjects. Among them, 58 patients treated with docetaxel combined with icotinib for chemotherapy were considered as study group, and 63 patients treated with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin as control group. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, and ECOG scores of the two groups were observed. CEA, CA125, and SCC (Tumor markers) levels of the two groups before and after treatment were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Results: The leukopenia, oral mucosa ulcer and mild numbness in the control group were significantly higher than those in the study group (P<0.05). After treatment, ECOG scores of both groups decreased (P<0.05), and the ECOG score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The serum CEA, CA125 and SCC levels of the study group and the control group after treatment decreased significantly compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Application of docetaxel combined with icotinib for chemotherapy of patients with advanced NSCLC can effectively reduce the serum levels of CEA, SCC, and the CA125. Docetaxel combined with icotinib can significantly reduce adverse reactions and better improve the quality of life of patients compared with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin, which is worthy of clinical promotion. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21160 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21160/7004

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2011 2013 EN Maryam KHEIROLLAHPOUR Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mahmoud DANAEE Academic Development Centre (ADEC), Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic & International) Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Amir Feisal MERICAN Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia AND Center of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bio Industry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Asma Ahmad SHARIFF Center of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bio Industry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia AND Mathematics Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science (ASASI), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2018 06 05 2020 09 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13607 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13607/7022

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1894 1901 Ji-Hoon CHO Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Shingyeong University, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea Ki-Hyuk LEE Department of Sport Culture, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seung-Taek LIM Institute of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea AND Nasaret International Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea AND Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan 2020 02 04 2020 05 29 Background: The purpose of this study was to find the basic data of medical and exercise therapy by indexing lumbar extension muscle strength of low back pain (LBP) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3078 chronic LBP participants from The J hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, from 2003 to 2010 were enrolled. Maximum muscle strength was measured at maximum flexion angle and maximum extension angle according to range of motion (ROM) results. For each isometric test, participants were seated and secured in the MEDX (medx lumbar extension machine, Ocala, FL, USA) machine. Results: The relative ROM (P=0.012) differed significantly among the aged groups in all participants. In addition, mean of strength (P<0.001), maximal of strength (P<0.001), mean of strength %BW (P<0.001) and maximal of strength %BW (P<0.001) are significant differences in all participants. The results of multiple regression analysis was the ‘model A’, maximal of strength for 32.1% of the variance in weigh, body mass index and range of motion. In addition, ‘model B’ was 30.4%, ‘model C’ was 28.8%, ‘model D’ was 28.5%, ‘model E’ was 21.7%, and ‘model F’ was 23.5% of the variance in weigh, body mass index and range of motion. Conclusion: We found the three predictor (weight, BMI, and ROM) variables accounted for 32.1% of the variance in maximal of strength %BW, the highest in < 29 yr groups. Our data indicate the basic data of medical and exercise therapy by indexing lumbar extension muscle strength of LBP patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19653 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19653/7005

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2014 2015 EN Sain SAFAROVA Department of Internal Medicine, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan 2018 09 02 2018 09 24 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14622 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14622/7023

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1902 1911 EN Ummavathy PERIASAMY Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Negeri Symbian, Malaysia Sherina MOHD-SIDIK Cancer Resource & Education Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia AND Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Mehrnoosh AKHTARI- ZAVARE Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Lekhraj RAMPAL Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Siti Irma Fadhilah ISMAIL Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Rozi MAHMUD Cancer Resource & Education Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2018 07 11 2018 11 28 Background: We aimed to assess whether “Managing Patients on Chemotherapy” book is effective to improve quality of life (QOL) of cancer patient via counselling by pharmacist. Methods: A randomized control trial study was run among 2120 cancer patients in public hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia, from Apr 2016-Jan 2018. The treatment group received counselling regarding chemotherapy by using developed module. The data were collected at three time-points: baseline, 1st, 2nd and 3rd follow-ups after counseling by Validated Malay version of the WHOQOL-BREF of questionnaire. Data analyses were done using χ2 and two-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The treatment group improved significantly as compared to control group in physical health, psychological health, social relationship, environment and overall QOL (P<0.00). Conclusion: The “Managing Patients on Chemotherapy” book along with repetitive counselling by pharmacists is a useful intervention for improving QOL of cancer patients undergoing treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13977 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13977/7006

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2016 2017 Ali AMINIAN Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Seyde Sedighe YOUSEFI Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2018 10 15 2018 10 31 Letter to Editor https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15016 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15016/7024

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1912 1920 Xiaohong YU Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Dongjin FENG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Guangmeng WANG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Zhongmao DONG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Qi ZHOU Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Yuan ZHANG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical Univer 2020 03 19 2020 08 01 Background: To analyze the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and digestive tract symptoms in children and other related factors, and to explore the risk factors of H. pylori infection in children and the expression of inflammatory factors in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children. Methods: Overall, 234 children with H. pylori test in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou, China) were enrolled. Among them, 73 children were H. pylori-positive and 161 were H. pylori-negative. The expression levels of cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children were determined by ELISA. The correlation between H. pylori-positive and general data, digestive tract symptoms, other clinical symptoms, living habits, eating habits, family history and other related factors was statistically analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of H. pylori infection in children. Results: Family monthly income, inattentive eating, sharing toothbrushes and cups, gnawing fingers, eating fried food, drinking raw water, eating smoked and pickled food, father suffering from gastropathy and mother suffering from gastropathy were independent risk factors for H. pylori infection in children. The most common digestive tract symptoms of children with H. pylori infection were abdominal pain, accompanied by one or more clinical symptoms. The expression levels of IL-8, IL-18 and IFN-γ in H. pylori-positive children were significantly higher than those in H. pylori-negative children. Conclusion: Prevention of H. pylori infection in children is helpful for healthy growth of children, and cytokines IL-8, IL-18, IFN-γ have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of H. pylori-positive children. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20072 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20072/7007

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2018 2019 Maryam ASKARI Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Seyedeh Mahdieh NAMAYANDEH Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran 2018 11 02 2018 11 10 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15212 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15212/7025

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1921 1930 Noor Hamzani FARIZAN Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Rosnah SUTAN Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Kulanthayan KC MANI Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia 2018 10 11 2019 08 04 Background: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the health educational booklet intervention in improving parents/guardian’s knowledge on prevention of child drowning and, the perception of drowning risk and water safety practice.  Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in year 2017 in Selangor, Malaysia among 719 parents/ guardians of primary school children. The parent/guardians were randomly assigned as the intervention groups and were given a health educational Be-SAFE booklet on drowning prevention and water safety. The pretest was conducted before the intervention and posttest was done one month of intervention. The data collection tool was using a validated questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice for drowning prevention and water safety. Results: There were 719 respondents (response rate of 89.9%) participated at baseline and 53.7% at end line (after the intervention). Significant differences found in knowledge, attitudes and practice on drowning prevention and water safety for the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean scores for knowledge and attitude before and after the intervention, whereas no significant findings noted for practices (P<0.001). Conclusion: Be SAFE booklet contributed to the increase in parents/guardian’s knowledge and attitudes towards drowning prevention and water safety to prevent the risk of child drowning. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14975 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14975/7008

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2020 2021 Amirhossein MEMARI Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ardalan SHARIAT Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Joshua CLELAND Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass, USA 2020 07 05 2020 08 01 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21350 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21350/7026

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 09 29 1931 1939 Jun WANG Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China Jingxin CHEN Department of Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China Gang JING Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China Daoquan DONG Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China 2020 04 08 2020 08 01 Background: To study the effects of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) on the proliferation and apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells, and to explore its specific regulatory mechanism through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: LncRNA HOTAIR small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed and synthesized, and the effects of si-HOTAIR transfection on the proliferation and apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells were detected via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The gene expressions were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the changes in NF-κB pathway-related proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins after interference in lncRNA HOTAIR were detected via Western blotting, and the level of NF-κB in each group was determined via ELISA. Results: The results of CCK-8 assay revealed that the cell proliferation rate significantly declined gradually in si-HOTAIR group compared with that in si-NC group and control group (P<0.05). The results of Western blotting and ELISA showed that the activity of NF-κB in si-HOTAIR group was weakened (P<0.05), suggesting that down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the activity of NF-κB. Compared with si-NC group and control group, si-HOTAIR group had remarkably increased gene and protein expressions of pro-apoptotic Bax, and remarkably decreased gene and protein expressions of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (P<0.05), demonstrating that down-regulation of HOTAIR can promote apoptosis. Conclusion: Down-regulation of lncRNA HOTAIR can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells and suppress the NF-κB pathway. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20299 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20299/7009

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1940 1946 EN Ahmad Ali NOORBALA Department of Psychiatry, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Armita SALJOUGHIAN Psychosomatic Fellowship, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Abbas BAGHERI YAZDI Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, Tehran, Iran Elham FAGHIHZADEH Department of Biostatistics, Paramedical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hadi FARAHZADI Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Koorosh KAMALI Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Soghrat FAGHIHZADEH Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Ahmad HAJEBI Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychiatric Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahin AKHONDZADEH Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mir Taher MOUSAVI Department of Sociology, University of Welfare, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 29 2019 02 02 Background: Drug addiction is known as one of the health, medical and social problems of the present century. Beyond the harmful physical and mental consequences for addicts, drug abuse can cause serious social problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug and alcohol abuse in individuals aged 15 yr and over in Iran in 2015. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on individuals aged 15 yr and older who lived in urban and rural areas of Iran. Overall, 36,600 individuals were selected by systematic and cluster random sampling. The postal code was used to access the samples in 31 provinces of Iran. In each province 1200 individuals (50% men, 50% women) were evaluated. The used instrument was the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed 4.6% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.4% used Amphetamine stimulants, 6.1% used Sedative drugs, and 2.6% used Alcoholic beverages on a regular basis. Within the last 12 months, 3.9% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.3% used Amphetamine stimulants, 5.8% used Sedative drugs, and 1.9% used Alcoholic beverages. With the exception of Sedatives drugs men used more drugs than women and residents of rural areas used more opium and its derivatives than other groups of drugs. Based on the provincial distribution, Kerman and Qom used the highest and lowest prevalence percentage of Opium and its derivatives respectively. Conclusion: Overall, 2340000 individuals were addicts used Opium and its derivatives in 2015, therefore, medical and health officials should take all necessary measures to deal with these serious social problems. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14221 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14221/7010

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1947 1953 Sedigheh KHEIRANDISH Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Nosratollah ESHGHYAR Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad YAZDANI Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amir A’lam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pouyan AMINI SHAKIB Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali HOSSEINI-BERESHNEH Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Zahra NOURI Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali KHEIRANDISH Department of Medical Genetics, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh KARAMI Department of Medical Genetics, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2018 09 08 2019 02 13 Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important types of oral malignancies. DKK gene family members as well as DKK2/4 have critical roles in regulation of Wnt signaling as one of the main determining pathway in oral carcinogenesis. This study aimed to identify promoter methylation status of DKK2/4 genes to provide possible biomarkers for early detection and treatment of OSCC patients. Methods: A case control study was performed on 31 fresh tissues obtained from oral cavity of patients affected by OSCC and 31 fresh corresponding tissues from normal healthy controls in Tehran and, between the years of 2016-2018. Purified DNA from tissue samples was subjected to bisulfite treatment and then methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) was carried out on treated DNA samples. Results: DKK4 promoter was methylated in none of OSCC samples while it was methylated in 16.1% of healthy controls. 16.1% of OSCC samples were detected to be semimethylated and 22.6% of healthy normal samples were methylated for DKK2 promoter gene. Meaningful difference was found in DKK4 promoter methylation among OSCC patients and healthy controls. Significant correlation was found between DKK4 promoter methylation and tumor grade. The age of all enrolled samples was demonstrated to have strong effect on promoter methylation of studied genes. Conclusion: Hypomethylation of DKK2 and DKK4 genes in higher grades of OSCC samples may indicate the pivotal role of their expression in tumor cells invasion and progression through modulation of Wnt signaling pathway. Further study required to determine simultaneous expression of those genes and Wnt signaling elements at mRNA and protein levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14670 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14670/7011

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1954 1958 Amin SABERINIA Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anna ABDOLSHAHI Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Saeed KHALEGHI Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Yaser MORADI Patient Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Hossein JAFARIZADEH Patient Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Ali SADEGHI MOGHADDAM Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Mohsen AMINIZADEH Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Religious Studies and Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi RAEI Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza KHAMMAR Zabol Medical Plants Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohsen POURSADEQIAN Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran 2018 09 18 2019 03 17 Background: One of the major causes of various work-related health problems among nurses is occupational stress. Hence, the main purpose of the present research was to find association between occupational stress of nurses and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Methods:  In this cross-sectional study, the Osipow job stress questionnaire was employed to assess the occupational stress among the 250 nurses in Emam Khomeini hospital of Tehran in 2018. Based on stress score for participants, subjects divided into two groups: Scoring of group one was 60-179 (mild and average stress) and group two between 180 and 300 (average to acute and acute stress). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded for subjects after 10hrs fasting. Then the blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels. For determining the association between education level, job experience and study groups, the Chi-square test and for comparing job stress between two groups of study the Mann–Whitney U test was used. Results: Subjects with job stress in group one was 70(28%) and group two was 180(72%). The association between level of education and two study groups was not significant (P=0.129) while between job experience and two study groups was significant (P=0.004). Mean of Blood glucose levels for group I (98.0± 37.5), was higher than group II (82.5±12.0) and statistically significant (P=0.001). No significant difference was found between two groups of study for other parameters. Conclusion: High level of work-related stress among subjects affected the values related to blood glucose level, but no significant relationship was found between other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress among nurses. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14752 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14752/7012

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1959 1969 EN Mirhojjat NAJAFINASAB Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Lotfali AGHELI Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hossein SADEGHI Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Sajjad FARAJI DIZAJI Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 08 2019 03 17 Background: The present study aimed to identify and prioritize strategies for medical tourism improvement in the Social Security Organization (SSO) of Iran. Methods: Using Delphi method in the first step, we identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that Social Security Organization of Iran faces in medical tourism during 2017-2018. In the second step we interviewed 100 medical and tourism experts to identify proper strategies using SWOT method and finally prioritize strategies through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by using Expert Choice software. Results: The application of SWOT technique indicated that the dominant strategy for the Iranian SSO should be conservative. It should overcome its internal weaknesses and exploit its external opportunities. The Iranian Social Security Organization should arrange appropriate marketing in target countries, invest in international medical/hospital standards, boost the communicative competence of personnel in SSO hospitals and create multilingual web-based information to introduce the capabilities and costs of the hospitals. Conclusion: Since the SSO’s weaknesses are more prominent than its strengths, thus SSO should plan to reduce its weaknesses to boost medical tourism. For this purpose, SSO should design coherent plans for attract medical tourists to the organization’s hospitals, attempt to upgrade hospital and medical centers standards, train the medical staff regarding linguistic and communicative skills, and run a user-friendly website to introduce its medical capabilities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13965 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13965/7013

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1970 1976 Najmossadat MUSAVI BAFRUI Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic ‎Azad University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Jamal HASHEMI HAZAVEH