Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1424 1433 Seungok An Department of Special Physical Education, Yongin University, Yongin, Korea Donghee Lee Department of Sports, Kyungmin University, Uijeongbu, Korea Kwang Bong Suh Department of Sports, Kyungmin University, Uijeongbu, Korea Byeol Shin Department of Special Physical Education, Yongin University, Yongin, Korea 2025 05 06 2025 07 07 Background: We conducted an importance–performance analysis (IPA) to examine how sports instructors with disabilities perceive the effectiveness and relevance to improve safety education for sports participants with disabilities. Methods: This study was conducted from April to July 2024 in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. We surveyed 395 sport instructors with disabilities and analyzed the perceived importance and performance of safety education across seven domains: life safety, traffic safety, violence and personal safety, drug and cyber addiction, disaster safety, occupational safety, and first aid. The survey included 52 sub-items, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests, and IPA. Results: A significant difference in importance and performance was observed across all 7 safety education areas and 52 sub-items, with their importance exceeding their performance (P<0.05). The IPA matrix showed that the traffic and disaster safety domains required urgent improvement, while the life and occupational safety domains required long-term improvement. Conclusion: Considering that accidents are difficult to predict and can occur in various forms, is it necessary to cultivate long-term improvement among sports participants with disabilities by incorporating safety education into their daily lives. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39023 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39023/8597

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1331 1338 Wenhui Huang 1. Academy of Fine Arts, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China 2. School of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China Hanyan Li 1. Academy of Fine Arts, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China 2. Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Wanjun Jiang Academy of fine Arts, Minzu university of China, Beijing, China Yao Tian Academy of Fine Arts, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China Ga Qin 1. Academy of Fine Arts, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China 2. School of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China 2024 04 02 2024 12 23 This article examines the practices, status, evolution and current challenges of painting therapy, in child psychological interventions in China. Empirical evidence shows that painting therapy significantly reduces symptoms of anxiety, anger, and schizophrenia, lowers depression scores, and enhances life satisfaction. Randomized controlled trials indicate improvements in emotional disorders, ADHD, and social adaptability. Qualitative research highlights enhanced emotional recognition and self-expression abilities in children with social disorders and ASD. Although painting therapy has made some progress in China, it faces challenges such as shortage of professional talents and lack of standardization. It is recommended to strengthen professional training, improve certification systems, interdisciplinary cooperation and the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality. This study underscores the potential for art therapy to become a more accessible and impactful tool in child psychology, benefiting not only China but also contributing to global mental health practices. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35057 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35057/8589

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1551 1552 Wenjie Sun Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 1111 W 17th St, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA 2023 10 23 2024 02 12 No abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33562 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33562/8609

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1434 1443 EN Cheng Qin School of Economics, Guangxi University, Nanning, China Yuchen Zhu College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2024 05 20 2024 10 21 Background: Understanding how enhanced medical insurance benefits influence labor decisions of rural elderly individuals is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by population aging on labor market. This study investigated the effects of enhanced welfare levels resulting from medical insurance integration on labor decisions of rural elderly individuals. The objective was to offer policy recommendations to the government to mitigate the decline in the working-age population and sustain the momentum and vibrancy of economic and social development. Methods: This study conducted an empirical analysis, utilizing two waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected in 2015 and 2018. This analysis employed the Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, treating the enhancement of medical insurance benefits for rural residents, due to China's medical insurance integration as a quasi-natural experiment. Results: Enhancing medical insurance benefits increased the labor supply of older rural individuals, as evidenced by higher labor participation rates and increased hours of work. It also facilitates migrant work while decreasing the willingness to work indefinitely. Medical insurance benefits indirectly influence labor decisions by alleviating healthcare burdens and improving the health status. Notably, the effect is more pronounced among females, higher-income groups, and individuals with poorer health status. Conclusion: The enhancement of medical insurance benefits resulting from China's medical insurance integration increased the social labor supply and reduced the necessity for elderly individuals to continue working indefinitely. The integration provides disadvantaged groups with improved social security, thereby allowing them to enjoy their later years more fully. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35570 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35570/8598

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1339 1349 Agung Setiyadi 1. Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2. Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Universitas Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia Uki Noviana Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eti Sholikhah Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Akhmadi Akhmadi Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Hanim Mufarokhah Faculty of Health Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sains dan Kesehatan Rs. dr. Soepraoen, Malang, Indonesia 2024 12 19 2025 02 06 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Community-based approaches, including empowerment of health cadres, have been recognized as a key strategy to improve the success of TB control programs. This review systematically identifies research that has been carried out to determine the contribution of cadres in tuberculosis control programs in various countries. Methods: This scoping review used five electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Medline-Ebscohost, ProQuest, and Cochrane, to identify the contribution of cadres in TB programs. Article selection was based on PCC (Population, Concept, Context) criteria with a limitation of 2014-2024 and only English-language articles. Results: Out of 793 initial articles, 20 articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies show that empowering cadres is effective in detecting TB cases, improving patient adherence to treatment, and overcoming stigma through culture-based education. However, challenges such as lack of training, incentives, and access to diagnostic tools often hinder cadre performance. Conclusion: Health cadres play an important role in bridging the gap between formal health services and the community. With the support of structured training, resource allocation, and community empowerment, cadres can maximize their impact in TB control programs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37563 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37563/8590

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1553 1554 Tuğba Güler Sönmez General Directorate of Public Health, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye İzzet Fidancı Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye 2024 08 25 2024 09 07 NO Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36459 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36459/8610

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1444 1451 EN Roza Sultanalieva Endocrinology Department, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Bermet Zhunusova Therapy Department, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Valeriia Kniazeva Therapy Department, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Nazgul Abylova Endocrinology Department, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Aleksandr Sorokin Department of Physics, Medical Informatics, and Biology, Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 2025 02 18 2025 07 07 Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders among pregnant women in Kyrgyzstan based on the 2013 WHO diagnostic criteria, to study their frequency, and to assess the influence of key risk factors on the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted, including 617 pregnant women between 2022 and 2024. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the second half of pregnancy. Diagnosis of GDM and overt diabetes was carried out according to WHO criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors. ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of the number of risk factors in predicting carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Results: The incidence of GDM was 18.8% (116/617), and overt diabetes — 6.96% (43/617). The main risk factors for GDM were: age over 35 years (P = 0.002), arterial hypertension (P = 0.001), second-degree family history of diabetes (P = 0.001), pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (P = 0.002), and multiparity (P = 0.000). For overt diabetes, key risk factors included first-degree family history of diabetes (P = 0.034), second-degree family history (P = 0.001), and overweight or obesity (P = 0.018). Conclusion: An increase in the number of risk factors correlates with the incidence of GDM and overt diabetes. However, for GDM, the number of risk factors is not a reliable predictor, highlighting the need for universal screening of all pregnant women. For overt diabetes, the number of risk factors showed satisfactory predictive value. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38208 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38208/8599

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1350 1363 Jiayan Huang Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Hospital, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China Huawei Qiu Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Hospital, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China Kaishun Meng Department of Geriatrics, Sanya People's Hospital, West China (Sanya) Hospital, Sichuan University, Sanya City, Hainan Province, China 2025 03 06 2025 06 21 Background: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined hypoglycemic agents and insulin therapy in the middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes through a meta-analysis. Methods: Literature was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, WanFang, VIP, and CNKI databases for studies on the combined use of hypoglycemic agents and insulin therapy in the middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes, with a search time limit up to February 2023. Results: This article includes 8 RCTs. The risk of bias assessment shows that one article had a low risk of bias, one article have an unclear risk of bias, and 6 articles have a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis results show that the combination of hypoglycemic agents and insulin has better blood glucose control (P=0.0001); fasting blood glucose reduction is more significant (P<0.00001); the 2-hour postprandial blood glucose reduction is more noticeable (P=0.002); HbA1c reduction is more pronounced (P=0.005); however, there is no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P=0.09). Conclusion: The combination of hypoglycemic agents and insulin in the treatment of middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients can reduce the fasting blood glucose, the 2-hour pos SZAFRANIEC Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland 2017 12 13 2018 10 20 Background: To evaluate the changes of mortality among children aged 1–14 yr due to road traffic injury and related demographic and economic factors in an ecological study undertaken in 33 European countries. Methods: Information about mortality due to road traffic injury among children aged 1–14 yr in European countries was obtained from the WHO database. Changes in the mortality for the years 2000–2009 were estimated as linear regression. These deaths were correlated with demographic and economic factors. Results: The greatest burden of child mortality due to road traffic accidents was observed in Baltic States, three times lower mortality levels than that in Northern States. Between 2000 and 2009, there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in mortality among children aged 1–14 yr in Southern-West countries and Western countries, 1–4 yr in Central and Eastern countries, and 5–14 yr in Northern countries. Mortality due to road traffic injury among boys was strongly associated with the level of urbanization. Both sexes showed strong negative correlations with the economic level and strong positive correlations with income inequality. Conclusion: Although in European countries the mortality of children due to traffic injury was considerably reduced, efforts should be made to educate and design a safe environment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/11888 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/11888/6819

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1079 1086 Xiaoyue DONG Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China Xiaofan SUN Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China Zhangbin YU Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China Shuping HAN Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China 2019 11 04 2019 12 21 Background: Newborn infants who are risk for severe hyperbilirubinemia and cared at home should be monitored for progression of jaundice. We aimed to verify if a smart phone application (BiliScan Inc), which uses automated imaging for bilirubin (AIB), can be used to estimate total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels at home. Methods: A convenience sample of 1038 “healthy” infants in China were prospectively enrolled to a single-center study in 2016. Correlations between AIB and TcB measurements were correlated to TB measurements. Bias and imprecision of AIB measurements were determined using Bland-Altman analysis. The diagnostic value of AIB was compared by the area-under-curve (AUC) values of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The best correlation and AUC for AIB were at the sternum, both with values of 0.76. We truncated performances to 369 TB values >5 and <15 mg/dL, and sternal AIB showed the best correlation to TB (r =0.5, P<0.0001). The AUC for this range was 0.54. However, from a subset of 200 AIB values >13.5 mg/dL (n=369 babies), the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% with a specificity of 50%. Furthermore, Bland-Altman analyses showed a bias and imprecision of AIB and TcB when TB was >13.5 and <15 mg/dL. Conclusion: The use of AIB may be a potentially useful screening device for neonatal jaundice. Its performance requires additional improvements for accurate measurements across wider ranges of TB levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18849 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18849/6820

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1087 1096 EN Kawasaki HIROMI Department of Public and School Health Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Md Moshiur RAHMAN Department of International Health and Medical Care, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Iwasa MIKA Department of Public and School Health Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Kukinaka CHIEKO Division of Environmental Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan 2018 04 15 2018 09 30 Background: After the Japanese nuclear power plant disaster in 2011, many residents became concerned about health effects of radiation. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program for public health and school health nurses to improve their skills and expertise for better support to residents and students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using single-group and pre-post comparison in 2016 in Hiroshima, Kagoshima and Hyogo prefectures of Japan. The educational evaluation was conducted through each sub-item of Bloom’s attainment goals. The evaluation of effectiveness was surveyed among 61 participants before and immediately after the workshop, and at 1-week and 1-month later. The analysis compared initial scores obtained before the workshop with subsequent responses. Where a significant difference was observed among three-group or more in the Friedman test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for two-group comparisons across the time periods. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: Data of 54 participants were analyzed. The knowledge based on Bloom’s taxonomy was increased as the number of correct responses increased significantly after the workshop (P<0.001). Cognitive domain was significantly increased after 1-week and 1-month (P<0.001). Affective and psychomotor performances were also increased compared with prior. Participants increased vocabulary related to radiation and developed confidence in radiation disaster recovery measures. Conclusion: Each sub-item of the Bloom’s attainment (goal, cognitive, affective, psychomotor) has almost been reached and the effect was maintained even after 1-month. By learning concrete words, they could explain accurately. Participants improved their confidence after receiving the training to respond and clarify the radiation anxieties to the community people. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13098 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13098/6821

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1097 1105 Yubing GUO School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Shanxi, China Ye ZHOU Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Shanxi, China Xin XING School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Shanxi, China Xiaoqin LI School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Shanxi, China 2020 05 05 2020 06 08 Background: With increasing demands for medical treatment and healthcare, private hospitals have enjoyed rapid development, and the quality and satisfaction ratings of their medical services have gradually become hotspot issues. We aimed to investigate the influencing mechanisms of medical service quality, patient perceived value, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty. Methods: On the basis of improved patient perceived value, service satisfaction, and loyalty scales, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 300 patients in 15 private hospitals in China. The action mechanisms of medical service quality, patient perceived value, patient satisfaction, and patient loyalty were verified via SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical software. Conclusion: 1) Improving medical service quality is the main path to acquire patient loyalty for private hospitals. 2) When accepting high-quality medical services, patients will think that the cost paid is reasonable, and their satisfaction with private hospitals will consequently increase. 3) As patient satisfaction with private hospitals is elevated to a certain degree, they become increasingly willing to choose these hospitals again and recommend them to others. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20706 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20706/6822

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1106 1111 EN Farzan YAHYA Department of Business Administration, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan Muhammad RAFIQ Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan 2018 06 30 2018 10 14 Background: Air pollution is one of the major threats to human health and well-being. This study aimed to explore the effect of renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions on tuberculosis (TB) incidences. It further investigates the moderating role of urbanization on the relationship between underlying factors and TB. Methods: The data of 183 countries over the period 2000 to 2014 were collected and a two-step system GMM technique was utilized to reduce the endogeneity issue. Additionally, we divided the sample into two sub-panels based on country risk for more robust estimates. Results: Carbon dioxide emissions increase the incidences of TB while renewable energy consumption could restrict these cases. On the other hand, urbanization is positively associated with TB in high-risk. System-GMM estimates also indicated that urbanization further strengthens the positive association between CO2 emissions and tuberculosis. Conclusion: Climate-friendly energy technologies, surveillance, and adequate city planning can act as effective mechanisms to improve public health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13894 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13894/6823

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1112 1119 Jian JIANG Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P.R. China Liangcai BAI Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P.R. China Xueling ZHANG Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P.R. China Jianli LIU Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P.R. China Junlin ZHOU Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P.R. China 2020 01 11 2020 03 09 Background: To evaluate the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient measurement (ADC) in glioma. Methods: Thirty two low-grade glioma patients and 31 high-grade glioma patients who were confirmed by pathology in Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China from February 2016 to January 2019 were selected. The other 30 patients with brain metastases were selected as a control group. DWI imaging data of the three groups were collected, and ADC, relative ADC (rADC) values in tumor parenchyma, peritumor edema area, and contralateral normal white matter area were measured, and the levels of n-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) of tumor metabolites were analyzed. Results: rADC values in the peri-tumor edema areas of the high-grade glioma group were significantly lower than those in the low-grade group and the metastatic group （P=0.011）, and the low-grade group was significantly lower than that in the metastatic group (P < 0.05). NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr in parenchymal and peritumor edema areas of patients in the advanced group were significantly lower than those in the metastatic group (P < 0.05), and Cho /Cr was significantly higher than those in the metastatic group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the rADC value, NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in parenchymal and peritumor edema areas of the tumor can help to distinguish high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma and brain metastases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19412 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19412/6824

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1120 1128 EN Gulnar SHALGUMBAYEVA Department of Family Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Almagul ZHABAGINA Department of Clinical and Radiation Oncology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Anargul KUANYSHEVA Department of Radiation Diagnostics and Nuclear Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Marat SANDYBAYEV Regional Oncology Center, Semey, Kazakhstan Raida FAIZOVA Department of Personalized Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Tatyana BELIKHINA Regional Oncology Center, Semey, Kazakhstan Alexander PROKAZYUK Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Narcology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Nataliya KULABUKHOVA Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan Yuliya SEMENOVA Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan 2018 08 14 2018 10 14 Background: Epidemiology of cervical cancer is relatively well studied in developed countries of the world, but little is known about Central Asian states. This study aimed to analyze the changing patterns of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods: The statistical analysis of official data on cervical cancer mortality and morbidity was performed for the whole country. Data on cervical cancer patients were retrieved for the period 2007-2016. Results: There was an increase in the incidence of cervical cancer among the population of Kazakhstan from 15.24 per 100,000 in 2007 to 18.83 per 100,000 in 2016. This might be attributed to the introduction of national health program in 2011, which improved early identification. Over the last few years, the decreasing cervical cancer mortality is observed influenced by early diagnosis. The age-standardized incidence rates show that the majority of cervical cancer cases occur in the 40-49 yr age group. Conclusion: The incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Kazakhstan in 2007-2016 are comparable with those in the neighboring former Soviet Union countries. Significant variations in incidence and mortality rates and one-year cancer-specific survival were observed between country regions. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14448 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14448/6825

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1129 1137 Jeonghyun CHO Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-Gu, Busan, South Korea Eunmi LEE Department of Nursing, Hoseo University, 79-20, Hoseo-ro, Baebang-eup, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea 2019 07 22 2020 05 05 Background: Healthcare utilization has progressively increased, especially among Medical Aid (MA) beneficiaries in South Korea. Recently, the focus of MA policy is shifting to long-term inpatient management. We aimed to identify the factors associated with inpatients’ medical service use among MA beneficiaries compared to National Health Insurance (NHI) beneficiaries. Methods: This secondary data analysis study used raw data collected from 2012 to 2014 by the Korea Health Panel Study, which is a national health survey conducted annually. Data from 3,869 participants were analyzed: 3,621 NHI beneficiaries and 248 MA beneficiaries. Multiple regression analysis and difference and slope difference tests were performed. Results: Age, education level, marital status, living with family, employment, disability, and unmet medical needs significantly influenced the length of hospital stay. Living with family, employment, disability, chronic illness, and unmet medical needs significantly influenced hospitalization costs. MA beneficiaries had longer hospital stay than did NHI beneficiaries (F=5.99, P=0.003); however, there was no difference in hospitalization costs. Among those with low education, longer hospital stay length was more frequent among MA beneficiaries. Conclusion: A future intervention model for MA inpatients should consider their service use patterns and characteristics. Most importantly, healthcare education should be provided according to MA patients’ education level to enable patients to make informed health-related decisions. An effort is needed to change the current hospitalization system by encouraging patients to utilize local community care service and by expanding community care and in-home healthcare services. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17869 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17869/6826

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1138 1147 Xiaochun HOU Department of Oncology, Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Jian XU Department of Oncology, Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Pei HU Department of Oncology, Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, P.R.China 2019 12 27 2020 04 30 Background: qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of miRNA-26a in pancreatic epithelial cells (HPDE) and human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2. Methods: PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines were infected with lentiviruses to construct PANC-miR-26a and MIA-miR-26a, and RT-PCR was used to detect the infection efficiency. The cell proliferation ability of PANC-miR-26a and MIA-miR-26a were examined by CCK-8 assay, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of CyclinE2 protein and mitochondria-associated apoptotic proteins.  Results: miR-26a was expressed in human normal pancreatic epithelial cells (HPDE), and not detected in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2; miR-26a was highly expressed in the cell lines PANC-miR-26a and MIA-miR-26a infected by the virus particles. The absorbance values of PANC-miR-26a and MIA-miR-26a were lower than those of NC1 and PANC-1 in control group. The apoptosis rates of PANC-miR-26a and MIA-miR-26a were substantially higher than those of the control group. The overexpression of miR-26a inhibited the expression of the target protein CyclinE2 in PANC-miR-26a and MIA-miR-26a. The expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased in PANC-miR-26a and MIA-miR-26a, while the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased. Compared with HPDE, miR-26a was down-regulated in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2. After overexpression of miR-26a, the proliferation of PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines was weakened. Conclusion: Molecular mechanism is the negative regulation of CyclinE2 by miR-26a as well as the expressions of downstream mitochondrial apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bax.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19287 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19287/6827

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1148 1156 Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahram KAZEMI Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezoo BOZORGOMID Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mahdi MOHEBALI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hakim AZIZI Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohammad ROKNI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 18 2019 11 11 Background: We aimed to detect Fasciola specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by nested-PCR assay on human stool and urine samples and compare the results with the respective ELISA diagnostic assay. Methods: Overall, 206 clinically suspected cases of fascioliasis were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from all the patients, and serum samples were isolated. ELISA assay, using Fasciola somatic antigen (SA), was carried out to detect anti Fasciola antibodies for the collected sera. DNA was randomly extracted from 25 stool and 10 urine samples of seropositive individuals and was evaluated by conventional PCR and nested PCR methods. The nested-PCR results were confirmed by sequencing the 430 bp region of ribosomal ITSI gene. Stool and urine samples from patients with different parasitic diseases and 25 stool samples from healthy individuals served as controls. Urine samples were collected from 10 healthy controls as well. Results: Fascioliasis was detected by ELISA in 24.8% of the individuals. Of these, 25 seropositive patients were randomly assigned to the study. Fasciola DNA was identified in the stool samples of 96% of seropositive patients by nested PCR but ova of Fasciola was detected by parasitology methods in only 20% of seropositive cases. Fasciola DNA was identified in 90% of the urine samples by nested PCR. No cross-reactions were observed with other parasites.         Conclusion: Detection of cfDNA in stool and urine samples has high accuracy and thus can be used for the diagnosis of Fasciola infection in human.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17799 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17799/6828

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1157 1163 EN Yaser ABDIPOUR Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooshang KHAZAN Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eznollah AZARGASHB Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza MAHMOUDI Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Ali FARAHNAK Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali ROSTAMI Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2018 01 18 2018 08 27 Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the major public health problems, especially in developing countries. Northern Iran is highly endemic area for these infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IPIs among people referred to the medical centers of the coastal cities in Guilan Province, Northern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 1232 stool samples were collected during 2015-2017. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic characteristics, and stool examination was performed using direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS and Chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of IPs in our study was 17.8% (219/1232). The most common IP was Blastocystis sp. 154/1232 (12.59%), followed by Giardia lamblia 50/1232 (4.1%) and Entamoeba hartmani 45/1232 (3.7%). Out of the 219 positive patients, 82 (55.14%) and 137 (44.85%) were female and males, respectively. Regarding the socio-demographic variables, educational status (P=0.226), contact with domestic animals and soil (P=0.476), age years (P=0.78), Occupation (0.637) and Gender (P=0.417) were not significantly associated to IPIs. Conclusion: In the past, parasitic infections were more prevalent in different parts of Iran. However, today it has declined indicating a significant improvement in level of individual hygiene, and environmental standards.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/12253 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/12253/6829

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1164 1168 Xiaoheng XU Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China Wenxia MENG Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China Lu FENG Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China Wei GUO Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China 2019 08 03 2019 11 11 A mild clinical Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (CMC) phenotype with STAT1 transcription factor mutation has been identified in a Chinese family. It is a rare variant in STAT1 (NM_0073315.3c.1175T>C Met392Thr). Specifically, it is a heterozygous mutation. To date, the pathogenicity of this variant in STAT1 (NM_0073315.3c.1175T>C Met392Thr) for CMC has not been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database. Thus, this is the first report about STAT1 mutation found in CMC patients from Chinese ethnic group. This study also shows the mutation on the DNA-binding domain of STAT1 for the first time. The findings will broaden the spectrum of STAT1 mutations and facilitate genetic diagnosis by the oral medicine specialists.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17966 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17966/6830

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1169 1172 EN Li MA Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Shiyue ZOU The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Suying ZHANG The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Xin WANG The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu Lingyun HE The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Ying XI The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Min XIE The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Dongmei HE The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China Xueqiong XU The First People's Hospital of Lognquanyi District, Chengdu, China 2020 03 04 2020 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19948 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19948/6831

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1173 1175 Hyun-Suk AN Deoksan Elementary School, Gyeonggido, Korea Young-Ran KWEON Department of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea 2020 03 01 2020 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19862 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19862/6832

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1176 1178 EN Sui Sien LEONG Department of Animal Sciences and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia Samuel LIHAN Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia Hwa Chuan CHIA Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia 2018 08 05 2018 09 12 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14358 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14358/6833

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1179 1181 Nurul Izzah IBRAHIM Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mohd Sharkawi AHMAD Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Zulfarina Siti MOHAMED Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sharifah Nurul Aqilah SAYED MOHD ZARIS Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Isa MOHAMED Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Norazlina MOHAMED Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sabarul Afian MOKHTAR Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Ahmad Nazrun SHUID Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia AND Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sg. Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia 2018 09 06 2018 09 24 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14652 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14652/6835

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1182 1183 EN Zahra HOSSEINZADEH MALEKI Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Kazem RASOOLZADEH TABATBAEI Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ali MASHHADI Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh MOHARRERI Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2018 05 11 2018 06 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13327 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13327/6836

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 6 2020 06 08 1184 1185 EN Lizaldo MAIA Family Health Strategy, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secreteriat, Fortaleza, Brazil Sharmênia NUTO 1. Family Health Master Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil 2. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil Maria SAINTRAIN Faculty of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil Ana Patrícia MORAIS Family Health Master Program, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil Fabricio SOUSA Faculty of Dentistry, Ceará Federal University (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil AND Faculty of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil Anya VIEIRA-MEYER Family Health Master Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, Brazil AND Faculty of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil