Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1216 1224 EN Nariman Yermek 1. Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Institute of Management, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan Ane Tynyshbayeva Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Institute of Management, Astana, Kazakhstan Zarina Bilyalova Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan Dulat Turebayev 1. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan Gulnur Igissinova 1. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Rustem Moldagali 1. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Kokshetau Higher Medical College, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan Karina Kozhakhmet 1. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Higher School of Medicine at Ualikhanov University, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan Kulsara Rustemova 1. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Zhansaya Telmanova Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan Ivan Shishkin 1. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Higher School of Medicine at Ualikhanov University, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan Nurbek Igissin 1. Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences at Ualikhanov University, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan 2025 02 17 2025 06 02 Background: Cancer is a major public health challenge in Kazakhstan, with significant regional disparities in incidence and access to care. The Akmola Region faces socioeconomic and healthcare barriers affecting oncology outcomes. We examined the role of state policy in addressing cancer trends and proposed evidence-based interventions. Methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical study was conducted using cancer incidence data from 2009 to 2023, obtained from the Ministry of Health of Kazakhstan. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated using the WHO guidelines. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to assess trends. Social factors, including income and access to care, influenced cancer rates. Rural areas faced notable disparities in oncology services. Results: Over 15 years, 26,625 new cancer cases were recorded, with 48.9% in men and 51.1% in women. The most prevalent cancers were breast (11.8%), colorectal (9.5%), and gastric (8.8%). A decline in cancer incidence occurred in 2020, likely due to healthcare service disruptions during COVID-19. Social factors like income and care access shaped cancer rates. Rural areas faced notable disparities. Conclusion: Strengthening state policies is crucial for reducing the cancer burden. Recommendations include expanding screening programs, improving healthcare infrastructure, and addressing regional inequalities through intersectoral collaboration. Implementing evidence-based strategies and integrating global best practices can enhance oncology care and reduce disparities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38203 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38203/8573

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1118 1131 Liang Zhang School of Foreign Studies, China University of Political Science and Law, Changping District, Beijing, 102249, China 2024 11 23 2025 01 21 Background: A meta-analysis study was conducted to measure how to forecast the effect of treatment of hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson's-disease with speech and language therapy. Methods: Until October 2024, a comprehensive literature research was conducted, and 1665 related studies were reviewed.  The 14 selected studies encompassed 948 participants with hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson's disease.  The odds ratio (OR) mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to look at the outcome of treatment of hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson's disease with speech and language therapy using dichotomous or continuous methods with a fixed- or random-effects model. Results: In individuals with hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson-disease, speech and language therapy had significantly higher sound pressure level, phonation (MD, 7. 51; 95% CI, 3. 81-11. 20, p<0. 001), reading (MD, 8. 83; 95% CI, 4. 96-12. 69, p<0. 001), monologue (MD, 4. 28; 95% CI, 2. 47-6. 10, p<0. 001), and picture description (MD, 3. 64; 95% CI, 1. 78-5. 50, p<0. 001), and lower Voice Handicap Index (MD, -5. 61; 95% CI, -9. 05- -2. 17, p=0. 001) compared to control treatment. Conclusion: In individuals with hypokinetic dysarthria in Parkinson's disease, speech and language therapy had significantly higher sound pressure level, phonation, reading, monologue, and picture description, and lower Voice Handicap Index compared to control treatment. To validate these finding more studies are required, caution is needed when interpreting these results, since many comparisons had a limited number of selected studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37283 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37283/8564

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1320 1322 Yasemin Ozkaya Department of Family Medicine, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Merve Turan Karabağlar Family Health Center No., Izmir, Turkey Busra Emir Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey Demet Alaygut Department of Pediatric Diseases, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey Dilek Orbatu Department of Pediatric Diseases, Behcet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Iz-mir, Turkey Kayı Eliacik Department of Pediatric Diseases, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey 2024 10 21 2024 11 18 No Abstract. Not have abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36989 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36989/8584

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1225 1232 Milorad Stojadinovic 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Radica Zivkovic Zaric 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dejan Petrovic 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandra Kezic 1. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Department of Internal medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Milan Radovic 1. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Department of Internal medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Svetlana Jovicic Pavlovic Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Ivana Mrdja Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Lara Hadzi Tanovic Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Violeta Knezevic 1. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Dejan Pilcevic 1. Department of Nephrology, Medical Military Academy, Belgrade, Serbia. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of defense in Belgrade, Serbia Tamara Jemcov 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Department of Nephrology, General Hospital Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia Marija Karapandzic Department of Nephrology, General Hospital Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia Slobodan Jankovic 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2024 07 11 2024 12 23 Background: Increasing healthcare spending is a significant issue, with the aging population contributing to a rise in patients needing renal replacement therapy. The cost of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is substantial, particularly in upper-middle-income countries like Serbia. We aimed to identify the direct costs and influencing factors of treating peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD associate peritonitis) in Serbia. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on consecutive patients admitted due to PD-associated peritonitis in five tertiary care hospitals across Serbia in 2019-2022. The primary outcome was total cost of hospitalization. Potential predictors were determined using generalized linear model with a gamma probability distribution and a log link function. Results: The study included 122 patients. The average total cost per patient was 1131.90±1538.67 USD, with the cost of hospitalization (348.17 ± 361.52 USD) and antibiotics (294.94±465.88 USD) being the most significant. The length of hospitalization (P<0.001) and treatment outcome (P<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of the total cost. Conclusion: The costs of treating PD associate peritonitis in Serbia are substantial, with each additional day of hospitalization significantly increasing the cost. The importance of patient and doctor education about infection prevention is underscored by the health consequences and the lengthy, expensive treatment when an infection occurs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36049/8574

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1132 1141 Rosita Yuliandari Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Chatarina Wahyuni Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Fariani Syahrul Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Hari Notobroto Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Mochammad Qomaruddin Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Soedarsono . Sub-Pulmonology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Indonesia 2024 08 16 2024 10 11 Background: Despite the significant efforts in tuberculosis (TB) management, TB case detection remains a challenge in developing countries. Traditional methods such as Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) have often underperformed, necessitating the implementation of the public-private mix (PPM) strategy in recent decades. However, varied PPM models yielded varied results across different countries. Hence, this systematic review assesses the effectiveness of various PPM models and seeks innovative strategies to enhance TB detection. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to August 2024. Studies evaluating the efficacy of PPM models on TB case detection in developing countries were pooled. From the initial 731 potential studies, a total of 10 studies were finally included in this systematic review. Results: The review identified a variety of PPM interventions, including mass campaigns, mobile screening units, home-based tracking, and digital CXR examination. These approaches significantly raised tuberculosis detection rates compared to control groups or previous years. Notably, private sector involvement and novel approaches, such as application-based tracking in Vietnam and mobile vans equipped with digital X-rays in India, yielded favorable results. However, the variation in effectiveness rate underscored the importance of personalized approaches based on local contexts.    Conclusion: PPM models, especially those with innovative techniques, significantly enhance TB case detection. Scaling up and modifying these strategies to various country circumstances is critical to meeting global TB reduction targets. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36390 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36390/8565

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1323 1324 Duygu Ayhan Başer Department of Family Medicine, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Türkiye 2025 03 08 2025 06 02 No Abstract. Not abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38426 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38426/8585

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1233 1242 Qinjuan Wang School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China Li Zhang School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China Jing Zhu School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China Xu Chen School of Economics and Management, Wuchang Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China 2025 05 05 2025 06 02 Background: Inferiority complex is a common psychological disorder occurring in adolescents during their psychological development and the root cause of most psychological problems. However, inferiority complex in adolescents has rarely been examined in previous intervention studies. This practice-oriented study combined character strengths theory with group psychological counseling to examine adolescents with high inferiority complex scores. Methods: A survey was conducted on 512 adolescents selected using convenience sampling from three middle schools in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, to collect information regarding the degree and characteristics of their inferiority complex. Those with a high inferiority complex score were recruited for a grouped experiment, where the experiment group received group counseling grounded on character strengths theory. Results: The participants had a moderately high degree of inferiority complex (mean = 2.92). Significant differences were observed in the total inferiority complex score across gender, left-behind experience, and academic performance (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the inferiority complex score of the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention model constructed in this study effectively reduces inferiority complex in adolescents, providing a reference for exploring an effective approach to adolescent-targeted mental health education. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39009 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39009/8575

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1142 1152 Laiqing Luo Rehabilitation Department, Sandun district of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China Rongliu Cen Emergency Department, Sandun district of Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China 2024 08 15 2024 12 11 Background: This article aimed to compare the value of infection related critical illness scores in predicting the risk of death in infected patients, and evaluate the predictive accuracy of three scoring indicators: SOFA score, APACHE II score, and NEWS score. Methods: Through the established retrieval strategy, the relevant literature from January 2013 to December 2023 were searched on platforms such as CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, eight relevant literature were included for meta-analysis. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted according to predetermined standards, using a fixed effects model for data analysis. Results: Among the 8 included literature (References (5-12)), the ratio of mortality to survival and 95% confidence interval for SOFA scores were 1.33 and (0.98, 1.75), respectively; The APACHE II score is 2.24 and (1.58, 2.97); The NEWS score is 1.64 and (1.45, 1.85). All three scoring indicators had significant value in predicting the risk of death in infected patients. In addition, comparing the AUC of the three scoring indicators, the SOFA score had the highest AUC, followed by the APACHE II score, and showed significant differences compared to the NEWS score, with P<0.001 and P<0.05 respectively. Conclusion: The SOFA score has higher accuracy and predictive value in predicting the condition and risk of death of infected patients. However, further attention needs to be paid to the selection of scoring methods to comprehensively consider the clinical situation and research objectives. The results of this study are helpful in guiding the evaluation and prediction of infected patients in clinical practice, and providing a basis for optimizing treatment strategies.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36387/8566

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1325 1326 Ahmad Shamabadi Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 31 2024 10 29 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36522 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36522/8586

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1243 1251 Emre Kenger Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey Tugce Ozlu Karahan Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey 2024 12 03 2025 05 09 Background: We evaluated diet plans generated by ChatGPT for hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Methods: In October 2024, ChatGPT was used to generate meal plans for 24 simulated patients with different cardiovascular health problems. Data were used from men (n=12) and women (n=12), aged 56 yr, with mean heights of 176 cm and 161 cm respectively. Weight categories were based on BMI: normal, overweight, and obese, using weights of 56, 71, and 84 kg for women and 67, 85, and 101 kg for men. Four health conditions were assessed: hypertension stages 1 and 2 (systolic BP 130-139 mm Hg and ≥140 mm Hg; diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg and ≥90 mm Hg), and elevated LDL levels (≥130 mg/dL and ≥160 mg/dL). Menus were evaluated for adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets, including recommendations. Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean and DASH diets was low across all groups, with median scores below 9 and 4.5, respectively. Common recommendations included weight loss, physical activity, reduced salt intake, stress management, and omega-3s for both hypertension and LDL reduction. Plant sterols/stanols were suggested only for LDL. No advice was given on smoking or alcohol use. Nutrient content did not differ significantly between hypertension and LDL menus (P>0.05). Conclusion: This pioneering study found that AI-generated dietary models had low adherence to DASH and Mediterranean diets, though most recommendations were generally appropriate. Since the prompts only requested basic nutrition plans, future research should use more specific, personalized prompts to better assess AI's role in managing chronic diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37402 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37402/8576

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1153 1159 Darko Radulović Faculty of Law in Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro 2023 12 19 2025 01 21 Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue which keeps the scientific community and the general public divided into those in favour and those opposed to this manner of terminating a person’s life. Ethical, medical, legal, religious and other reasons are used both to justify its legalisation and to argue against it. The main question which attracts differing opinions is whether—beside the right to life as the universal and most important right recognised by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms—there is the right to die, implying that a person could choose how and when to end their life. The author of the paper analyses several issues. In addition to the introduction which considers the right to life in general, and in the light of international documents, the paper deals with the concept of euthanasia and its historical development, as well as the types of euthanasia. This is followed by an overview of the positions of the proponents and the opponents of the legalisation of euthanasia. Finally, the paper discusses the various ways in which euthanasia is regulated in contemporary criminal legislation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34054 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34054/8567

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1327 1328 Zahra Sadeqi-Arani Department of Business Management, Faculty of Financial Science, Management and Entrepreneurship, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Reza Vahidnia Faculty of Electrical Engineering, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, Canada 2024 08 13 2024 11 10 Letter to the Editor has no Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36361/8587

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1252 1262 EN Puerkaiti Paierhati 1. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Urumqi, 830011, China 2. The Clinical Medical Research Center of Breast and Thyroid Tumor in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China Binlin Ma 1. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Urumqi, 830011, China 2. The Clinical Medical Research Center of Breast and Thyroid Tumor in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China Muzhapaer Abudukeremu 1. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, Urumqi, 830011, China 2. The Clinical Medical Research Center of Breast and Thyroid Tumor in Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China 2024 09 13 2025 02 06 Background: This study investigates the role of exosomal integrin beta-2 (ITGB2) from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in modulating immune responses, with a focus on its interaction with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in dendritic cells (DCs). This study aimed to understand how ITGB2 contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in TNBC. Methods: ITGB2 expression in TNBC tissues and cell lines was analyzed using qPCR and Western blot at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2013 and 2015. Knockdown and overexpression models of ITGB2 were established in MDA-MB-231 cells to explore their effects on TLR4 expression in DCs. Exosomes were isolated from these cells, and DCs were co-cultured with exosomes to measure TLR4 expression and cytokine secretion using flow cytometry and ELISA. Results: ITGB2 was overexpressed in TNBC tissues, correlating with poor prognosis. Exosomal ITGB2 from TNBC cells suppressed TLR4 expression in DCs, leading to impaired DC maturation and reduced cytokine secretion, thus promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conclusion: Targeting the ITGB2-TLR4 axis could enhance anti-tumor immunity in TNBC. ITGB2 holds potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, suggesting that inhibition of exosomal ITGB2 or restoration of DC function may improve therapeutic outcomes in TNBC. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36637 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36637/8577

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1160 1170 Husain Nadaf Symbiosis College of Nursing, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India Mangesh Jabade Symbiosis College of Nursing, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India Amey Khande KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belagavi, India Gururaj Udapi KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belagavi, India Vijayalaxmi Chidanand Patil Siddhagiri Nursing Institute, Kolhapur, India 2024 09 18 2025 01 25 Background: This scoping review explores the key demographic and psychosocial factors impacting organ donation, with a focus on studies utilizing online or digital platforms. We aimed to understand the existing facts that influence to effects of the organ donation decision. Methods: This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Medline was conducted using MeSH terms and logical operators to identify relevant studies published in English 2018 to 2023. Studies focusing on the demographics and influencing factors for organ donors of any age were included. Abstract concepts, conference proceedings, and non-English studies were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two reviewers using standardized tools, including the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: Out of 270 records identified, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of results revealed three major themes: 1) demographic characteristics of organ donors, 2) psychosocial and digital factors influencing organ donation, and 3) interventions promoting awareness and engagement in organ donation. Online and digital platforms play a significant role in shaping attitudes, intentions, and awareness of organ donation. Quality assessment indicated a moderate-to-high level of methodological rigor across the included studies. Conclusion: This review highlights the key factors influencing organ donation, particularly the role of digital platforms in enhancing awareness and engagement. Future research should focus on leveraging these insights to develop targeted interventions aimed at increasing organ donation rates globally. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36665 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36665/8568

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1329 1330 Dong-Il Kim 1. Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Sports Functional Disability Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2025 04 02 2025 05 09 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38690 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38690/8588

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1263 1271 EN Li Zheng 1. College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2. Department of Pharmacy, Xingtai Medical College, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Yiheng Ding Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Xinhao Li College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Jingxuan Jia College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Yanning Li College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2. Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China Jinsheng Qi College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, People’s Republic of China 2024 03 16 2025 06 02 Background: We aimed to investigate whether 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) reduced heterogeneity by inducing the maturation of HepG2 cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) pathway. Methods: This in vitro cell research study was conducted under the guidance of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China, from Sep 2022 to Dec 2023. HepG2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of Rg3 in a low glucose microenvironment. The mRNA expression of ALBUMIN (ALB, a marker for hepatocyte function) and HNF4A (a marker for differentiation of HCC cell), and AMPK protein levels were measured after significant changes in cell morphology were observed. Additionally, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) (an AMPK agonist) and Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) were used to explore further the underlying mechanism. Results: Under treatment of 5 μM, 10 μM, and 20 μM Rg3, some cells became flattened and larger, and there was an increase in the mRNA expression of ALB and HNF4A (P<0.05). However, there was a decreasing trend in AMPK protein content with 8 μM Rg3 (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, some cells exposed to 8 μM Rg3 exhibited pronounced morphological changes, along with upregulated expression of ALB and HNF4A mRNA. However, no such changes were observed when 8 μM Rg3 was combined with 1.6 mM AICAR. Compared to the control group, 10 μM Compound C or 8 μM Rg3 treatments led to similar changes in cell morphology and showed an increasing trend in HNF4A mRNA expression. Additionally, after treatment with Compound C, pHNF4A was mainly in the nucleus, while after Rg3 treatment, it was mostly in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: Rg3 partially induced the maturation of HepG2 cells through the AMPK/HNF4A pathway.     Keywords: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3; HepG2; Maturation, Genetics https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34913 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34913/8578

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1171 1178 Haiyan Cai Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China Liwen Pan Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China Pei Zhang Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China 2024 05 14 2024 12 22 Background: Perioperative care plays an unparalleled role in the management of strabismus. However, there is still a lack of adequate understanding of the perioperative care and guidelines on nursing measures for strabismus surgery. This article provides a comprehensive review of perioperative care for strabismus, focusing on psychological intervention and rehabilitative nursing. Methods: To comprehensively collect research related to perioperative nursing, we employed a systematic literature retrieval strategy. The databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang, and VIP (Weipu). We read, summarized and review the literatures obtained from databases. Results: We summarized the conc, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Salimi Nanobiotechnology Reserch Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Muhammad Ibraim Getso Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Rafat Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 02 18 2020 05 08 Background: Candida albicans remains the main cause of candidiasis in most clinical settings. Available drugs for candidiasis treatment have many side effects. In this work, novel nitroglycerin derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic and antifungal effects evaluated against fluconazole susceptible and resistant clinical C. albicans isolates. Methods: This experimental study was performed in Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran between Feb to Dec 2019. The in vitro activities of two novel nitroglycerin derivatives (1b and 2b) against 25 clinical fluconazole-susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates and four standard C. albicans strains were determined according to CLSI reference M27-A3 documents. The cytotoxicity of chemical compounds was investigated near the SNL76/7 cells by colorimetric assay. Real-time PCRs were performed to evaluate the alterations in the regulation of ERG11 and CDR1 genes under nitroglycerin derivatives-treated and untreated conditions. Results: The derivatives 1b and 2b exhibited potent antifungal activity against C. albicans isolates; MICs and MFCs varied from 18 μg/ml to 72 μg/ml and 36 μg/ml to 144 μg/ml, respectively. The cell viability evaluation demonstrated that both chemical compounds are safe within 24h. The nitroglycerin derivatives were able to reduce the transcription level of CDR1 and ERG11 genes in all susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates. Conclusion: Considering the potential and efficacy of these compounds against clinical C. albicans isolates, the complementary in vivo and clinical trials should be investigated. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19775 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19775/7354

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1882 1886 Ramin Hamidi Farahani Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Emran Esmaeilzadeh 1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran Amir Nezami Asl Department of Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Foad Heidari Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Hazrati Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 13 2021 03 06 Background: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system composed of a group of related proteins with important functions in the immune system. Several studies have reported that there is a significant association between specific HLA alleles and the susceptibility to different infectious diseases. This study aimed to detect the specific HLA alleles that cause higher susceptibility to COVID-19, we analyzed the HLA allele frequency distribution in Iranian patients with a severe form of COVID-19. Methods: Overall, 48 severe cases of COVID-19 that were hospitalized and required intensive care unit (ICU) admission between Oct and Dec 2020 were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples and HLA typing (Locus A, B, and DR) was performed for the patients. Results: After analyzing and comparing the results with a reference group of 500 Iranian individuals, a significant association was found for HLA-B*38, HLA-A*68, HLA-A*24, and HLA-DRB1*01. Conclusion: These results may be valuable for studying the potential association of specific HLA alleles with susceptibility to COVID-19 and mortality due to the disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23866 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23866/7355

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1887 1896 Mina Nejati The Cancer Institute at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Moaven Razavi The Schneider Institutes for Health Policy at the Heller School of Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA Iraj Harirchi The Cancer Institute at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Zanganeh Deputy of Medical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Salari Iran Small Businesses and Industrial Parks Organization, Qazvin, Iran Seyed Mosa Tabatabaee Deputy of Medical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2019 09 19 2020 02 05 Background: To estimate the resource use and costs associated to the initial phase of treatment for colorectal cancer in Iran. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using routinely collected data within Electronic Health Records System (SEPAS), a national database representing public hospitals in Iran between March 20, 2016 and March 19, 2017. Primary end points included healthcare resource use, direct medical and non-medical costs of care in the 12-month study period. Results: The study population included 657 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery and the follow-up chemotherapy. We estimated a total direct cost of $21,407 per patient. The results indicated that direct medical costs were primarily driven by inpatient hospital care, followed by surgery, chemotherapy, and diagnostic services. Conclusion: The initial 12-month of treatment for colorectal cancer, including surgery and the follow-up chemotherapy, is resource intensive. The total direct costs associated to the disease are remarkable, with Inpatient hospital services being the main contributor followed by surgery and chemotherapy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18401 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18401/7356

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1897 1901 Ali Mardi Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed Heidary Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Department of Medical Genetics, Ali Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghasem Khazaei Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eskandar Taghizadeh Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2020 07 05 2020 10 14 Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the renal reabsorption of cystine, arginine, lysine and ornithine are disturbed. The two genes, the pathogenic forms of which are responsible for the disorder, are SLC7A9 and SLC3A1. In this study, we describe a disease that has a new c.916A> T variant (p. K306 *) in exon 5 of the SLC3A1 gene. This variant results in the NMD phenomenon in which the protein product is not produced because of mRNA destruction. In 2020, blood sample of a 41-yr-old man from east Azerbaijan, Iran together with his parents were collected to be studied. PCR and direct sequencing were performed to detect the possible SLC3A1 variant. Whole-gene sequence analysis done by Mutation surveyor Software revealed a novel nonsense homozygous variant in exon 5 of the gene. Parental Sequence Analysis shows that they are heterozygous. According to ACMG guideline, this variant is considered as pathogen. Finding serious mutations can allow rapid screening for cystinuria by analyzing common mutations. It should also be considered as a pathogenic variant in patients’ cystinuria. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21346 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21346/7357

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1902 1903 Jung Hun Lee National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Tae Yeong Kim National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Sumera Kausar Malik National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Jeong Ho Jeon National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea Young Bae Kim Biotechnology Program, North Shore Community College, 1 Ferncroft Road, Danvers, MA 01923, USA Sang Hee Lee National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Re-public of Korea 2019 03 17 2019 04 20 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16594 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16594/7358

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1904 1906 Liying Yao 1. School of Sport, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, 334000, China 2. Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia Yiqiong Zhang Department of Physical Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China Yuqiang Li College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China Jinkui Lu School of Sport, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, 334000, China Garry Kuan 1. Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia 2. Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK 2018 12 31 2019 01 13 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15757 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15757/7359

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1907 1909 EN Tae-Young Kim Department of Dance Art, College of Convergence Culture and Art, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Korea Sang-Ho Lee College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), Seoul, Korea Me-Suk Kim College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), Seoul, Korea 2021 05 31 2021 09 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25120 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25120/7360

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1910 1912 Huijun Zhao Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China Yiwen Lu Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China Xuan Wang Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China Hong Chen Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China Feng Yao Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China Xuepeng Sun Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China Xingya Kuang Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China 2019 03 17 2019 04 27 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16595 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16595/7361

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1913 1915 EN Hye-Suk Somg Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Korea So Hee Lim Department of Nursing, Kyungmin University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea 2019 04 03 2019 04 27 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16714 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16714/7362

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1916 1918 EN Parisa Vosough Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iraj Saadat Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2019 10 02 2019 11 03 No abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18506 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18506/7363

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1919 1921 EN Nebojsa Mitic Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina/Kosovska, Mitrovica, Serbia Ljiljana Popovic Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina/Kosovska, Mitrovica, Serbia Marija Milic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina/Kosovska, Mitrovica, Serbia Ivan Radic Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina/Kosovska, Mitrovica, Serbia Brankica Popovic Department of Informatics and Computer Sciences, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia 2019 03 12 2019 04 20 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16550 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16550/7364

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1922 1923 EN Zahra Kakooei Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Mowlavi Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj Mobedi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zabih Zarei Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Zahabiun Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 04 22 2019 05 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16928 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16928/7365

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 9 2021 09 02 1924 1925 Nageen Hussain Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 2019 04 05 2019 04 24 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16734 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16734/7366