Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 951 962 Wenyan Pan Department of Interventional Radiotherapy, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China Feng Zheng Department of Oncology, Haining Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Haining City, Zhejiang Province, 314400, China Yangzhuo Shi Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, 712000, China 2024 05 13 2024 12 29 Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the readiness for discharge of patients with malignancy when carrying a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) as well as to explore the associated factors affecting readiness for discharge. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases from inception to Mar 2024 were systematically searched to collect relevant cross-sectional studies. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used for effect size synthesis, and the stability of the results was assessed by heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias detection. Results: Eight cross-sectional studies comprising 748 participants were included, and the mean score for patients' readiness to discharge was 146.98 (95% CI: 127.17, 166.79) under a random-effects model, but the analysis showed a very high degree of heterogeneity (I²=100%, P<0.01). In our in-depth analysis of factors influencing discharge readiness, we found that literacy level (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.59) and income level (OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.78) were significantly associated with better readiness for discharge, and that age had a non-significant effect on readiness for discharge, with a combined effect size (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.08). Conclusion: Among patients with malignant tumours, self-efficacy, distance from home to the hospital, and income level have a significant impact on discharge readiness in their PICC carriers. Optimising discharge instructions and patient education strategies for these factors may improve patients' readiness for discharge, reduce the risk of PICC-related complications, and improve outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35506 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35506/8541

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 899 905 Saltanat Abazbekova Department of Public Health, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Tursun Mamyrbaeva Department of Public Health, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Aida Anarbaeva Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan Gulshara Myrzabekova Department of Children’s Diseases, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Asylkan Moldobaeva Department of Public Health, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 2025 01 27 2025 04 30 This review examined the prevalence and possible causes of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Kyrgyzstan. According to a national survey in Kyrgyzstan, the prevalence of overweight among adolescent girls is classified as “high” according to the WHO thresholds (14.5 %). The prevalence of overweight shows a slight upward trend with age and is classified as “very high” among adolescents aged 16-18 years (20.8 %). The review explores dietary habits, physical activity, socioeconomic consequences, and the impact of advertising unhealthy products. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37982 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37982/8536

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1107 1108 Hun Ju Lee Major in Health and Sports Education, Graduate School of Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2024 07 31 2024 09 30 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36218 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36218/8557

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 963 973 EN Seurk Park Department of Nursing, Gyeongkuk National University, Andong, South Korea Soo-Hyun Nam Department of Nursing, Gyeongkuk National University, Andong, South Korea 2024 08 05 2024 12 15 Background: We aimed to examine the influence of a direct supervisor’s attitude on depression among nurses. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey, which collected information from 467 registered nurses in Seoul, South Korea. Descriptive statistics and the Rao–Scott test were performed to determine the difference between general and work-related characteristics according to whether the nurses were depressed or not. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed by adjusting for covariates to analyze the association between the attitude of the direct supervisor’s behavior and depression among nurses. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the direct supervisor’s attitude and depressive symptoms in nurses. After multivariable adjustment, compared with the group with the most positive supervisor attitudes, the odds ratios for depressive symptoms in groups with increasingly negative perceptions of supervisor attitudes were 2.615 (95% CI: 0.96–7.12), 2.921 (95% CI: 1.64–13.29), and 4.844 (95% CI: 1.46–12.18), respectively. The results showed that the direct supervisor’s negative attitude was positively associated with the nurse’s depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Negative supervisor attitudes are significantly associated with depression in nurses. Effective strategies and policies, such as a zero-tolerance policy against negative disrespectful attitudes and behavior in the hospital and proper management of the direct supervisor’s attitude, are needed to reduce the risk of depression among nurses. Interventions aimed at reducing nurses’ depressive symptoms are suggested as an effective way to prevent and manage their depressive symptoms. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36268 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36268/8542

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 906 914 Yuliu Huang Gynaecology Department, Zhejiang Hospital Sandun District, Hangzhou, 310030, China Shuixia Chen Obstetrical Department. Zhejiang Hospital Sandun District, Hangzhou, 310030, China 2024 01 15 2024 08 07 Background: We aimed to systematically evaluate the risk of negative effect for newborns born to expectant mothers with severe vomiting in terms of birth weight, premature delivery, low Apgar score, and NICU hospitalization. Methods: We conducted a systematically search for relevant studies on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases, using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate research quality, and RevMan 5.3 software for meta-analysis from 2009 to 2022. The main outcome measures were: Low-birth weight, preterm delivery, low Apgar score and growth restriction. Results: In 9 studies, the risk of Low birth weight in hyperemesis pregnant women was increased, and the random effect model was OR 2.38 (95% CI 0.43 to 13.13). The heterogeneity of the study was high (I2=100%). Four studies showed an increased risk of low Apgar scores, with an OR of 2.69 (95% CI 0.30 to 24.48), and high heterogeneity (I2=95%). The risk of premature birth in 5 papers is equivalent, with an OR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.22) and low heterogeneity (I2=6%). The risk of growth restriction was higher in 7 papers, with an OR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.85) and lower heterogeneity (I2=29%). Subgroup analysis showed that heterogeneity mainly stemmed from differences in the definition of hyperemesis. Conclusion: Pregnant women with severe vomiting have a higher risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight and low Apgar scores, and a higher risk of giving birth to babies with growth restriction, but the risk of premature birth is comparable.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34313 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34313/8537

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1109 1110 Mohammed Habib Cardiology Department, Alshifa Hospital, Gaza, Palestine 2024 05 18 2025 05 01 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35554 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35554/8558

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 974 984 Baskoro Setioputro Department of Emergency and Critical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia Windi Rohmatun Nabilah Postgraduate Nursing Student, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia Nur Apriliani Postgraduate Nursing Student, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia Rismawan Yunanto Department of Emergency and Critical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia Ruris Haristiani Department of Emergency and Critical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia 2024 05 07 2024 11 25 Background: Indonesia is known as the home of disasters and this condition threatens the safety of the Indonesian people. Strengthening community capacity is still not optimal and school-based programs need to be carried out to prepare the younger generation to face earthquakes. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the school-based program on improving disaster preparedness (SBPIDP) among Indonesian adolescents in the earthquake risk area. Methods: A randomized control trial was performed among 140 (INT=70; CON=70) adolescents in Indonesia in 2022. The SBPIDP lasted for 10 wk providing eight sessions of education and training activities. Data collection tools included a three-part questionnaire that consisted of demographics, knowledge, and self-efficacy for earthquake preparedness. The inter-group and intra-group differences were evaluated using paired t-test analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to assess intervention effectiveness. Results: There were significant differences in disaster preparedness among adolescents after the SBPIDP program was implemented after follow-up in the 10th week (knowledge (P=0.001) and self-efficacy (P=0.001)). The intervention group showed better preparedness than the control group during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The SBPIDP program can significantly improve disaster preparedness among Indonesian adolescents in earthquake-risk areas.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35428 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35428/8543

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 915 927 Fuping Ye Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital Of Qingdao, No.99, Yunxi Henan Road, Jiaozhou, Qingdao, 266300, China Lingfei Ma Department of Nursing, Jiaozhou Central Hospital Of Qingdao, No.99, Yunxi Henan Road,Jiaozhou, Qingdao, 266300, China 2024 10 16 2025 02 09 Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) raise worldwide morbidity, death, and healthcare expenditures. Preventing and managing HAIs requires nursing interventions such hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship. This meta-analysis examined how nursing interventions reduced HAIs in different hospital settings. Methods: A complete PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search was undertaken for January 2000–December 2023 research. Studies on HAI-reducing nursing interventions were included. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The random-effects model was used to construct pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs in meta-analysis. We also performed subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses. Results: Fourteen trials with 2540 individuals were included. In the pooled study, nursing interventions significantly reduced HAI incidence (RR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.35-0.50, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that hand hygiene, PPE usage, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship reduced HAIs. Sensitivity analysis verified these results' reliability. Egger's test showed no publication bias (P = 0.78). Over time, cumulative meta-analysis showed constant effect sizes. Conclusion: Nursing interventions significantly reduce HAIs. Hand hygiene, PPE, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship are essential to infection control. Healthcare institutions should prioritise these actions and resolve compliance hurdles to enhance patient outcomes and minimise HAIs. Research is needed to explore innovative approaches and identify factors influencing compliance.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36935 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36935/8538

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1111 1112 Javad Kazemi Department of Educational Sciences and Counseling, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran Sana Asem Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Milad Kadkhoda Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Karimpourvazifehkhorani Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2024 10 24 2024 10 29 No Abstract- Not abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37016 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37016/8559

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 985 991 Qian Shi Department of Student Affairs, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China Xu Guo Department of Physics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China Qian Ma Department of Student Affairs, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China 2024 05 28 2025 04 30 Background: We aimed to look into the associations between family interaction patterns, achievement goals, and self-esteem among college students, to provide references for promoting university-family interactions and jointly safeguarding college students' mental health. Methods: Overall, 492 college students from Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China were randomly selected as participants. The Family Assessment Device (FAD), Achievement Goals Scale (AGS), and Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) were used to conduct assessments. Results: Performance avoidance goals were directly linked to family dysfunction (r= 0.358) and inversely linked to self-esteem (r=-0.438). Mastery goals were inversely linked to family dysfunction (r=-0.34) and directly linked to self-esteem (r=0.304). Family dysfunction and self-esteem were negatively correlated (r=-0.465). Family dysfunction significantly indicated performance avoidance goals (β = 0.358, P<0.01) and mastery goals (β = -0.340, P<0.01). Mediation analysis revealed self-esteem served as a partial intermediary in the relationships between family dysfunction and performance avoidance goals, in addition to family dysfunction and mastery goals, with the mediating effects accounting for 45% and 25.6% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusion: Self-esteem partially mediates the influence of family functioning on college students’ achievement goals. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35633 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35633/8544

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 928 938 Hangxing Sun Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NO.2 People’s Hospital of Yuhang Distract, Hangzhou, 311100, China Dan Wu Department of Medical Examination Center, Qingyuan County People's Hospital Medical Examination Center, Qingyuan 323800, Zhejiang, China Chao Lou Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China Jinhe Ying Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China Tao Zhang Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China 2024 12 27 2025 03 09 Background: We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on rehabilitation outcomes in patients following joint replacement surgery. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis performed a computerized search of six databases—PubMed, Wiley Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and PEDro—from 2009-2024, for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias according to predefined criteria. The primary outcome measures included range of Motion (ROM), pain scores, muscle strength, and functional recovery scores. Results: Ten RCTs involving 549 participants were included in the analysis, all of which met the inclusion criteria and had a moderate to low risk of bias. NMES significantly reduced pain scores in patients following joint replacement surgery (Standardized mean differences, with high heterogeneity (I2 = 82%). NMES had no significant effect on flexion range of motion (I2 = 33%) and a limited impact on extension range of motion (P=0.04). NMES positively affected quadriceps strength (I2 = 95%). For the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, NMES had a small positive effect (P < 0.01), but after standardizing TUG test scores based on baseline levels, NMES had a significant positive effect (P < 0.01). NMES had a significant positive effect on the stairs climb test (P < 0.01) and on function score (P = 0.01). Conclusion: NMES is an effective adjunctive therapy for improving joint range of motion, reducing pain, and enhancing functional recovery after joint replacement surgery, but further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37625 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37625/8539

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1113 1115 Shabnam Babaei Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Manouchehr Fadaee Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2024 08 13 2024 10 29 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36360/8560

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 992 1002 Feifei Cai Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Village, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China Ru Shen First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher-Education Zone, Chashan Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China Haiou Wang Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Village, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China Yun Zheng First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher-Education Zone, Chashan Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China Weihang Zhang First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher-Education Zone, Chashan Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China Lixu Jin Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai Village, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China 2024 08 03 2025 02 24 Background: We compared the diagnostic accuracy and application value of chromosome microarray (CMA) technique and karyotype analysis for prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic diseases using different clinical markers. Methods: This is a prospective clinical study involving 1587 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis due to various abnormal clinical indications in China between May 2018 and Nov 2021. Both chromosome microarray and karyotype analysis were applied. Participants were categorized into six groups based on different indications for prenatal diagnosis. The detection rates of chromosome microarray and karyotype analysis were compared. The study utilized SPSS version 20 for data analysis, employing descriptive statistics for count data results and chi-square statistics for statistical associations between outcomes and predictors. Results: Chromosome microarray and karyotype analysis detected more abnormal chromosomes in the group with abnormal NIPT, with positive detection rates of 59.68% and the group in other situation with positive detection rates of 39.22%. Overall, 343 chromosome abnormalities were detected among participants. Overall, 101 cases chose induced labor, 240 cases gave birth, 1 newborn died after delivery, 1 case of twin chose selective reduction, another fetus gave birth, and 1 case lost to follow-up. The detection rate of chromosome abnormality in high-risk population was more than 1/5, highlighting the importance of reducing the incidence of birth defects through interventional prenatal diagnosis. Conclusion: Clinically, Down's screening, NIPT and prenatal ultrasound screening can be conducted initially, followed by karyotype analysis and CMA detection for those with abnormal findings. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36252 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36252/8545

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 04 30 939 950 Hong Li Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hepatology, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000, China Xiaoli Xu Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hepatology, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000, China Tong Yan Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hepatology, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000, China 2024 08 14 2025 03 19 Background: This research’s comprehensive review and meta-analysis seek to offer additional non-invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring liver fibrosis, thereby serving as a dependable resource for clinical practice and scientific investigation. Methods: To find pertinent research on the use of serum YKL-40 levels in liver fibrosis patients, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Information, and the China Biology Medicine Library System were searched. The search was conducted up to May 2024. Results: In studies comparing serum YKL-40 levels in patients with hepatic fibrosis and controls, the overall combined difference was 1.37 (0.66, 2.08), with the Chinese subgroup showing high heterogeneity, while the Egyptian study did not show heterogeneity. A total of 17 studies, including 2554 patients, were included. The combined sensitivity for diagnosing advanced fibrosis and severe fibrosis was 0.80 and 0.78 respectively, with specificities of 0.88 and 0.82. The AUC for advanced fibrosis and severe fibrosis were 0.91 and 0.87 respectively. Conclusion: Serum YKL-40 shows potential value in diagnosis of liver fibrosis, but further clinical research is needed to confirm and improve its utility. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36367 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36367/8540

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1116 1117 Babak Daneshfard 1. Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Canadian College of Integrative Medicine (CCIM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3. Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 4. Mizaj Health Research Institute (MHRI), Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Sanaye Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2024 08 22 2024 09 07 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36452 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36452/8561

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1003 1013 EN Christian Ricardo Zea Forero epartment of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C., Colombia 2. Faculty of Health, Doctoral Program in Ergonomics Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia Manuel Medina-Labrador Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C., Colombia Magda Monroy Silva Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Santo Tomás Bogotá D.C., Colombia Jose Jimenez Symme Laboratory, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy, France 2024 08 14 2025 02 18 Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) has been extensively studied for its clinical and industrial significance, often linked to anthropometric measures like height, weight, and hand dimensions. In Colombia, research on these correlations exists but is fragmented and methodologically varied, limiting the ability to generalize findings. This lack of standardization highlights the need for a unified approach. This study aimed to address this gap by analyzing HGS in the Colombian context. Methods: Overall, 678 subjects (48.9% female and 51.1% male) were enrolled in 2022. They were aged between 18 and 63 yr old, apparently healthy, and were from Bogota, Colombia. It was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. To determine the seven variables of the hand, the posture recommended by the ASHT was followed. Results: Men had significantly higher HGS than women. The dominant hand represents 94.6% of females and 90.5% of males. However, dominance does not have a negative impact on gender when it is analyzed alone. The use of predictive models with cubic regressions permitted us to establish significant variables such as gender and hand width for the right hand and gender, age, hand thickness, and maximum palmar length for the left hand. Conclusion: The predictive models, the HGS relationship and the dimensions of the hand are evidenced, but in future studies it will be necessary to include the arm, forearm, and wrist sections to the methodology. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36379 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36379/8546

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1014 1023 Fazli Akbar Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yong Guo Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China Jieling Wu Department of Children's Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China Zhenlie Huang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 2024 04 09 2024 10 29 Background: We aimed to assess the prevalence of serum Vitamin A and D status and their potential association with neuropsychological development outcomes in Southern China. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in Guangzhou, China, with 4,206 children aged 4 to 24 months between 2018 and 2020. Data from the hospital’s electronic database included serum levels of Vitamin A and D, along with neuropsychological outcomes. Linear regression model was used to assess the association between serum Vitamin A and D status and neuropsychological outcomes, while multiple binary logistic regression model was applied to determine the association of these Vitamins’ levels with different neuropsychological developmental delays, adjusting for age, gender, and other potential confounders. Results: Overall, 12.7% of children were found to be deficient in Vitamin A, while 2.5% were deficient in Vitamin D. Marginal Vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) was prevalent in 58.5% of the children, and 19.4% exhibited Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI). Neuropsychological developmental delays were observed in 7.7% to 16.8% of the children across various domains. However, there were no significant differences in neuropsychological outcomes among children with varying Vitamin A and D statuses (P-value>0.05). Even after adjusting for potential confounders, the association between Vitamin A and D levels and neuropsychological development outcomes remained statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Our study reveals a higher prevalence of VAD and MVAD in children than VDD and VDI. However, neither Vitamin A nor Vitamin D status showed a significant association with neuro-psychological development outcomes in early childhood. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35172 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35172/8547

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 5 2025 05 01 1024 1033 Alghafri Yasir Salim 1. Department of Health Science, Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia 2. Ministry of Education, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman Fariba Hossein Abadi Department of Health Science, Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia Nurul Abdullah Department of Health Science, Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia Al Kitani Mahfoodha Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman Norhazira Abdul Rahim Department of Health Science, Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia 2024 08 28 2024 11 25 Background: Significant linear trends indicate that rising adolescent obesity rates will increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated health risks. We aimed to initially determine the prevalence of MetS among adolescents (aged 13-16 yr) with obesity in the South Al Batinah governorate in Oman (n=3404) based on data collected in 2024. Then to predict the risk factors of MetS criteria based on health-related fitness (HRF) components to identify the most significant risk factors among them (n= 512, with BMIile% ≥95%). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the MetS prevalence. MetS criteria and HRF components were measured to examine key risk factors. Then, the predictive value of HRF variables for MetS incidence was assessed using multiple regression analysis. Results: The descriptive results from screening adolescents with obesity indicated that 10.7% of them exhibited MetS. A notable correlation between fast blood glucose (FBG) and cardiorespiratory fitness; CRF (r=0.28, P=0.001), waist circumference; WC (r=0.39, P<0.0001), and BMI (r=0.46, P<0.0001) were revealed. There was a robust correlation between blood pressure; BP and CRF (r=0.19, P=0.025), WC (r=0.24, P=0.007), and BMI (r=0.43, P<0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant model for the high FBG prediction using the HRF variables, while the models predicted for BP were not significant. Conclusion: Significant correlation between HRF level and MetS criteria revealed that field-based tests HRF components, can be used to recognize MetS criteria among adolescents with obesity. https://ijph.tums.ac.is="epublish"> 2020 03 03 609 611 Adriana ALBU 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Cosmina I. BONDOR Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Ioana PARA 4th Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2020 03 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19933 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19933/6716

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 02 512 520 Jianmiao WANG Department of Gastroenterology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, P.R. China Jing YANG Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310001, P.R. China Ji QIU Department of Gastroenterology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, P.R. China Taoyan SONG Department of Gastroenterology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, P.R. China 2020 03 02 Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between miR-596, BCL-2, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and to explore the mechanism of miR-596 in gastric cancer. Besides, this study aimed to find the target of miR-596 and explore the mechanism of action of miR-596 in gastric cancer. Methods: Eighteen samples of gastric cancer tissues and 18 samples of corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues were collected from 18 gastric cancer patients (aged from 40 to 55 yr) admitted to Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, China from March 2017 to May 2018. The expression levels of miR-596 and BCL-2 were detected to verify the regulation of miR-596 on the apoptosis and proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines MKN-45 and HGC-27 and its effect on BCL-2 expression.  Results: The expression level of miR-596 was notably lower in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues, and BCL-2 level was notably higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues. After the up-regulation of miR-596 expression, the proliferation of MKN-45 and HGC-27 cells was significantly decreased, the level of apoptosis was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression of BCL-2 was decreased. The dual-luciferase report showed that miR-596 had a targeting inhibition of BCL-2. Gastric cancer cells with up-regulated miR-596 and BCL-2 had significantly higher proliferation and lower apoptosis than cells with up-regulated miR-596. Conclusions: miR-596 can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and promote the apoptosis through its targeting inhibition of BCL-2 expression. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19886 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19886/6700

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 03 612 613 Giti KASHI Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran Homa BEYGLU Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Pollution, College of Science and Research Damavand, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 03 03 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19935 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19935/6718

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 02 521 529 Zeinab MOGHADAMIZAD Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad HOSSEINI-SAFA Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Peyman HEYDARIAN Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Mojgan ARYAEIPOUR Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Bagher ROKNI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 03 02 Background: It is difficult to make an exact morphological distinction between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. We used High Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) method to differentiate the F. hepatica species from F. gigantica in order to differentiate them. Methods: Overall, 80 adult liver flukes were collected from infected slaughtered animals including cattle, sheep and goats from Lorestan Province, western Iran from Sep 2015 to Aug 2017. Genomic DNA was extracted using commercial DNA extraction kit. The multilocus sequences of mDNA including COX1, COX3 and ND6 were amplified employing real-time PCR & HRM analysis. Specific and universal primer pairs were designed for differentiation Fasciola spp. Results: Universal primers cannot be used to distinguish between these two species, but in the contrary, specific primer pairs of each species could differentiate them properly. Molecular identification using specific primer pairs were consistent. Conclusion: HRM is a simple, fast and reliable method for detecting and differentiating F. hepatica from F. gigantica and can be used for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19887 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19887/6701

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 03 614 616 Mohammad Ebrahim GHAMAR CHEHREH Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza SHAMSODDINI Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa RAHIMI Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Human Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 2020 03 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19936 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19936/6719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 03 530 538 Bahman ABDI-HACHESOO Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Abdollah DERAKHSHANDEH Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad MOTAMEDIFAR Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran Negar AZIMZADEH Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2020 03 03 Background: We aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance and clonal relationships among poultry Escherichia coli isolates from different broiler farms and their relationships with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing urinary pathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates from the same geographical area. Methods: Twenty four E. coli isolates from six broiler farms with colibacillosis and 97 ESBL producing human UPEC isolates were investigated for resistance to critically important antimicrobials in human medicine in Shiraz, central Iran in 2015-16. In addition, clonal relationships of these isolates were investigated with Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: As expected, cephalosporins and imipenem resistance were significantly higher in ESBL producing human E. coli isolates in comparison with non-ESBL avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolates. In addition, significantly higher percentages of gentamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance were seen in human isolates. In contrast, nitrofurantoin resistance was significantly higher in APEC isolates. Based on PFGE patterns, five clusters were identified in APEC isolates. Isolates from each farm were closely related to each other by PFGE patterns. However, different PFGE restriction profiles were seen among the E. coli isolates from different broiler farms. Comparison of PFGE patterns among APEC and UPEC isolates showed two closely related PFGE patterns. Conclusion: There were clonally related E. coli isolates caused the outbreaks of colibacillosis within broiler farms. Some of these isolates had closely related PFGE patterns with human UPEC isolates which suggest avian pathogenic E. coli strains as a potential zoonosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19908 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19908/6703

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 03 539 548 Bita SEPEHRI Gastroenterology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Reza GHAFFARI Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Alireza JEDDIAN Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba SALEK Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Robabeh EMROUZI Department of Medical Education, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Saeideh GHAFFARIFAR Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Flora BAGHBAN REZVAN Department of Medical Education, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2020 03 03 Background: The implementation of Family Physician Program (FPP) in Iran during the past decade, despite of its numerous achievements, has faced many challenges. We aimed to compare the implementation and the performance of FPP in Iran with selected countries, in order to analyze those challenges and suggest potential solutions. Methods: This current descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2015. The implementation and the performance of the FPP in Iran and six countries (Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Denmark, United States and the Netherlands) were described and compared. The criteria for selection of these countries were the existence of well-established FFPs and ease of access to data required to conduct the research. A documentation checklist of the implementation status and FPP practice was prepared. The checklist’s content validity was established by an independent 10 member expert panel, specializing in the field of Family Medicine. The conclusive checklist was finalized for each country, based on inter-rater agreement of the three researchers and used as a basis for this comparative study.  Results: This study revealed significant differences in implementation of the FPP and relatively low differences in FPP performance between Iran and the selected countries. Conclusion: Implementation and performance of FPP and patient referral system in Iran struggles with serious challenges and burdens, in contrast with the selected reviewed countries. As such, modification of the FPP in Iran seems to be a must. Such modification may include developing educational programs for FPs, clearly defining the duties and practices of FPs, and revising their reimbursement and employment status. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19909 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19909/6704

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 03 549 556 Hajar VASEGHI Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh ESFAHANIAN Department of Endocrinology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zohreh JADALI Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 03 03 Background: The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is well established, whereas the precise and likely the overlapping contributions of different T-cell subpopulations to thyroid injury are less understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of two lineage determining transcription factors, T-bet and GATA-3 that regulate differentiation of T cells into Th1 or Th2 cell fates, respectively. Moreover, the mRNA expression and plasma concentration of Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4) cytokineswere analyzed. Methods: In this case-control study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression patterns of various transcripts in 20 patients (in Endocrinology Clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2015) with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and 22 healthy controls. Plasma IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations were also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: T-bet gene expression was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls (P=0.014). The expression of IL-4 mRNAs was significantly increased in the  peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients as compared to normal controls (P=0.001). In addition, a marked increase in plasma IL-4 levels were observed in patient group compared to controls (P=0.043). Conclusion: Altered balance between Th1 and Th2 related transcription factors and cytokines may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19910 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19910/6705

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 3 2020 03 03 557 562 Mohammad Hadi KARBALAIE NIYA Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen KESHAVARZ The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Fahimeh SAFARNEZHAD TAMESHKEL Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsa TAHERIZADEH Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Maryam ESGHAEI Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshid PANAHI Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein KEYVANI Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 03 03 Background: JC polyomavirus (JCV) is an epitheliotropic and neurotropic virus that identified in relationship with some devastating complications such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and linked to colorectal cancer. The aim of current study was to identify the prevalence of JCV in colorectal cancer for the first time in Iran. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted by the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 2011 to 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were used for DNA extraction by QIAamp® DNA FFPE Tissue Kit. The SYBER Green Real-time PCR assay performed by specific primers for JCV T-Large Ag. Melting curve analysis used for evaluation of amplification specificity. Positive control cloned in pTZ57R/T plasmid by Generay Biotechnology system. Results: Of 157 specimens 66 were colorectal cancer by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 59.35±14.48 and 91 healthy control by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 57.21±14.66. All 157 specimens tested for JCV T-Large Ag gene by Real-time PCR method and we found that there was not any positive result although the melting analysis showed specificity of positive control amplification. Conclusion: Low prevalence of JCV infection in Iranian CRC population confirmed by the current study results; there was not any JCV positive result in CRC and healthy control groups. Further studies by broader and different populations are recommended.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19911 https://ijph