Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 578 588 EN Jung-Ha Park Department of Nursing, Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea Heeyoung Jung Department of Nursing, Busan Women’s College, Busan, Republic of Korea Yeon Hee Lee Department of Nursing, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea Young Chul Choi Department of Liberal Art, Busan Women’s College, Busan, Republic of Korea Ki-Hyok Youn Department of Social Welfare, Tongmyong University, Busan, Republic of Korea 2024 11 23 2025 03 04 Background: This randomized and controlled pre- and post-test experimental study investigated the effects of a nonviolent communication education program on empathy, interpersonal relationships, stress, and resilience among Korean nursing students. Methods: We included 51 Korean nursing students from a university in Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea, with 26 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. Data were collected from May to August 2024, and the nonviolent communication education program was conducted for 8 hours daily. To confirm program effectiveness, the participants were asked to practice nonviolent communication during the 5 weeks of participation in the program, and a reflection journal was to be written daily. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2-tests, independent t-tests, and a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The over-time change in empathy and interpersonal relationship scores in the experimental group was significantly different from those in the control group (F=8.540, P<0.001 and F=3.654, P=0.029, respectively). However, the over-time change in stress and resilience scores in the experimental group was not significantly different from those in the control group (F=0.366, P=0.851 and F=0.256, P=0.775, respectively). Education programConclusion: The nonviolent communication education program was effective in promoting empathy and interpersonal relationships among nursing students. However, its effects on stress and resilience were not significant. Periodic implementation of the program coupled with stress-relief strategies may be effective. A long-term program must be implemented to verify changes in nursing students’ self-understanding. Moreover, further research is needed on the sustainability of the program’s effects. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37284 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37284/8496

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 454 464 Xu Cao Department of Healthcare Ward, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking, China Chenxia Liu Department of Healthcare Ward, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking, China Qiuyue Liu Department of Healthcare Ward, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking, China Jian Gao 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking, China 2. Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking, China Yan Wang Department of Healthcare Ward, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking, China Feng Yang 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking, China 2. Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking, China 2024 09 27 2024 11 25 Background: We aimed to appraise and compare the impact of inadequate nutrition in lung transplant recovery. Methods: Based on the inspection of the meta-analysis data, the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived by dichotomous random or fixed effect models. 6 papers with 1399 lung transplant who were available between 2020 and 2024 were comprised in this meta-analysis. Results: Frail had significantly higher hospital length of stay (MD, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.80-3.80, P< 0.001), and all-cause mortality (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.40-3.87, P=0.001) compared to non-frail in subjects with lung transplant. However, no significant difference was found between frail and non-frail in intubation post-lung transplant (MD, 7.00; 95% CI, -17.52-31.52, P=0.58), and intensive care unit length of stay (MD, -1.70; 95% CI, -4.53- 1.14, P=0.24) in subjects with lung transplant. Conclusion: Using frail had significantly higher hospital length of stay, and all-cause mortality, however, no significant difference was found in intubation post-lung transplant, and intensive care unit length of stay compared to non-frail in subjects with lung transplant However, given that comparisons comprised a small number of studies, attention ought to be given to their values. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36745 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36745/8485

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 663 664 EN Jong Sung Kim College of General Education for Truth, Sincerity, and Love, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea Hyun-chul Kang College of Creative Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea Myoung Eun Park Department of Physical Education, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea 2024 05 09 2024 09 23 No Abstract. Not Abstract.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35447 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35447/8505

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 589 597 Liping Dai General Education College, Fuzhou Polytechnic, Fuzhou, China Bingjin Su General Education College, Fuzhou Polytechnic, Fuzhou, China Qiang Liu Department of Physical Education, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen, China 2025 01 19 2025 03 04 Background: Due to economic development and lifestyle changes, childhood obesity and psychological problems are becoming increasingly prominent. However, only a few studies have investigated the available psychological interventions for obese children. In this study, an eight-week empirical research on obese children was conducted where rational-emotive therapy was combined with group exercise. Methods: A total of 110 obese children from 2 public primary schools in Fujian Province, China were selected via cluster random sampling. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 55 children in each group. The experimental group received an integrated intervention dominated by rational-emotive therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. After eight weeks of intervention, a comparative measurement was conducted on both groups. Results: The decrease in BMI observed in the experimental group was significantly greater than that observed in the control group, and such difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease in depression observed in the experimental group was greater than that observed in the control group, and such difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The experimental group reported reductions in all eight factors of metal health after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The proposed intervention model can effectively reduce obese children’s BMI and depression levels and improve their mental health. The results of this study provide scientific basis for the timely prevention of childhood obesity and negative psychological problems. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37882 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37882/8497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 465 477 Xiaomin Xian Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China Yanping Zhang Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China Guifen Fu Department of Nursing, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China Ziqiang Li Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China Jingfeng Chen Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China Miao Wang Otolaryngology Head and Neck Department, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China Qiuping Zheng Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China 2024 10 23 2025 01 25 Background: The oral health-related quality of life in diabetic patients is regarded as a significant factor for assessing their dental health. This study aimed to examine the current research state, frequently utilized research instruments, and factors impacting the oral health quality of life in individuals with diabetes. Methods: Our review was conducted according to the PRISMA extended guidelines for scoping review. We conducted a literature review on the oral health and quality of life of diabetic patients using PubMed, Embase, and additional databases. This research proposal has been formally submitted to the Open Science Framework. Results: Out of 3827 materials, merely 17 publications satisfied the review requirements for our study. The search period extended from the inception of the library until Feb 5, 2024. The research encompassed seven countries, including China, the United States, and Iran, utilizing the Oral Health Evaluation Index for the Elderly and the Oral Health Impact Scale as prevalent assessment instruments. The quality of life connected to oral health was predominantly low among diabetic patients, influenced by socio-demographic characteristics, oral health status, biochemical indicators, psychosocial elements, lifestyle choices, and oral-related factors. Conclusion: The oral health-related quality of life among diabetic patients is typically diminished. Oral health care professionals must devise strategies to promptly identify, assess, and manage the factors influencing the oral health-related quality of life in diabetic patients, while incorporating necessary preventive measures and screenings to enhance oral disease prevention in routine evaluations. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37001 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37001/8486

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 665 666 Hye Sun Park Major in Health and Sports Education, Graduate School of Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2024 07 31 2024 09 30 No Abstract. Not abstract.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36217 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36217/8506

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 598 606 EN Alper Ateş Department of Tourism Guidance, Faculty of Tourism, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye Beyza Erer Department of Human Resources Management, Söke Faculty of Business Administration, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye 2024 06 01 2024 11 11 Background: Smartphone addiction, a growing issue affecting Generation X, Y, and Z, is characterized by excessive use of applications, leading to counterproductive behaviors like virtual shifting. This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of generation differences (X and Y) in the effect of smartphone addiction on cyberloafing behaviors. Methods: Participants included 423 bank employees and volunteers, with 214 from the X generation and 209 from the Y generation, from three provinces in Turkey. Participants were selected through simple random sampling, and data were gathered using Google Forms between February and Mar 2024. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and AMOS 25 software. Results: The analysis indicated that a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and cyberloafing behaviors. Furthermore, smartphone addiction was found to have a positive impact on cyberloafing behaviors, with no generational differences in this association. Conclusion: The study results highlight the importance of smartphone addiction in the workplace, as it leads to an increase in cyberloafing behavior.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35683 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35683/8498

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 478 488 Yan Zhu Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100039, China Quanxi Liu Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100039, China 2024 06 30 2024 09 05 Background: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Shaoyao Tang in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) through a randomized controlled meta-analysis. Methods: Computer searches were conducted between Jan 2000 and Mar 2023 using the databases of CNKI, VIP, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang and Web of Science in search of trials with randomization and control including Shaoyao decoction in UC. After quality assessment, The Revman 5.3 was applied. Results: Overall, 23 articles were selected for the study totally. Shaoyao decoction improved clinical effective rate (P<0.001) and effective rate of syndrome (P<0.001), IBDQ (P<0.001), interleukin-4 (P<0.001) and interleukin-10 (P<0.001), reduced adverse reactions (P=0.004), recurrence rate (P=0.03), DAI (P<0.001), tumour necrosis component α (P<0.001), interleukin-1β (P<0.001), interleukin-6 (P<0.001), and extremely sensitive C-reactive protein (P=0.02). Conclusion: Shaoyao decoction has certain advantages and good safety in the treatment of UC; however the findings still need to be supported by excellent studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35928 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35928/8487

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 667 669 Byung Hoon Woo Department of Physical Education, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, South Korea 2024 07 01 2024 09 01 Not Abstract. No.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35933 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35933/8507

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 607 614 Leila chalova 1. LLP “М1” Health and Science Center, 010011, Astana, Kazakhstan 2. Higher School of Public Health, Kazakhstan Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Vyacheslav Lokshin ICCR “Persona”, 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan Vladimir Kiyan National Center of Biotechnology, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan Botagoz Turdaliyeva National Center of Biotechnology, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan Karlygash Zhybanisheva Higher School of Public Health, Kazakhstan Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Arman Kinzhibayev LLP “М1” Health and Science Center, 010011, Astana, Kazakhstan 2024 04 05 2024 09 19 Background: A number of important problems remain unresolved in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) using germ cells from a single donor. We aimed to assess attitudes about the use of sex gamete donation in ART in different social groups including medical workers, oocyte recipients, and oocyte donors. Methods: To achieve this goal, we surveyed 286 participants from seven countries. Of them, 190 were medical workers from ART clinics (respondents from seven countries), 45 were oocyte recipients, and 51 were oocyte donors. Results: The main motive for oocyte donation was financial compensation, which draws attention to the social disadvantage of the donor population. Medical workers with more than 5 years of work experience (79.7%) supported the use of programs tracking donor sex cells and limiting the use of oocyte donors. Conclusion: The willingness and consent of the surveyed medical workers and oocyte recipients to use the donor material and create a unified registry of donor sex cells demonstrates the importance of this issue.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35112 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35112/8499

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 489 498 Sehar Iqbal College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Zoha Imtiaz Malik Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan Umar Farooq Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan Juweria Abid Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan Hassan Bin Usman Shah Research and Development Solutions (RADS), Islamabad, Pakistan Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan 2024 04 25 2024 10 06 Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a cause of concern because of their growing consumption levels across age groups and associated chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The aim of this review was to provide a detailed profile of the SSBs trends and associated health risk, with special focus on its role in breast cancer development. A review of current literature has depicted increased intakes of SSBs across the globe with servings ranging from 3 to 11 per day in different countries, while children, adolescents and young adults report the highest intake levels. These increased intakes further contribute to different metabolic diseases via increased body adiposity, blood glucose and insulin levels, and increased post-menopausal estrogen levels, all of which contribute to chronic diseases, including cancers. Nutrition interventions including ones that target SSBs reduction seem to have a positive impact on reducing the development of these non-communicable diseases and are also associated with better prognosis and survival chances in cancer patients. However, the implementation of SSBs taxation and mass awareness campaign interventions remains poor due to lack of policy development and regulation for these beverages. The control of SSBs intake across the world requires rigorous research to construct efficient and practical policies to reduce the accessibility and marketing of SSBs while simultaneously increasing awareness in the public regarding the health risks of these beverages. To achieve this, a coordinated approach involving different public and private sectors is needed.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35340 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35340/8488

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 670 671 Betül Battaloğlu Inanç Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye 2024 11 08 2024 11 18 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37142 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37142/8508

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 615 623 Hasmi Hasmi Specialization in Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia Mona Safitri Fatiah Reproductive Health Specialization, Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia M. Zaenul Muttaqin Public Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia 2023 06 29 2024 09 01 Background: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) is higher than in other communities. We aimed to Uncovering the risk of sexually transmitted infections in MSM in Indonesia. Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional design carried out in 24 provinces in Indonesia from March-May 2023, using secondary data from the 2018-2019 Integrated Biological Behavior Survey (IBBS). The population consisted of MSM who had sex with men totaling 6,000 people. A total of 4,290 samples were selected using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). The data obtained were analyzed with chi-square and logistic regression models of risk factors. Results: The prevalence of STIs in MSM was 20.9%. Marital status, consistency of condom use (P<0.01), how to get condoms (P<0.001), and STIs examination (P<0.001) had a significant association with the incidence of STIs among MSM from 2018 – 2019. Meanwhile, the use of lubricant during sex association had no significant relationship with the incidence of STIs. Vaginal and anal sexual intercourse had a significant relationship with the incidence of STIs, where MSM who CI95% (had their first anal sex between the ages of 25-49 years (P<0.001), AOR=2.26 and vaginal sex at the age of ≥50 years were more at risk of experiencing STIs (P<0.017), AOR=1.33. Conclusion: Marital status, consistency of condom use, how to get condoms, and STIs examination, vaginal and anal sexual intercourse had a significant association with the incidence of STIs among MSM. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32495 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32495/8500

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 499 508 EN Rahayu Othman Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Nazarudin Safian Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mohd Rohaizat Hassan Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2024 01 24 2024 08 24 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control programs confront a significant challenge in ensuring patients fully adhere to their treatment regimens. Video-observed therapy (VOT) is an alternative digital technology for monitoring tuberculosis treatment that may potentially improve adherence and clinical outcomes. However, there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness and acceptability of VOT. This scoping review aimed to summarize the characteristics of existing evidence-based VOT for tuberculosis treatment monitoring and to describe the evidence for their effectiveness and acceptability. Methods: This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping review protocol in Jan 2023. Three databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, were used in this review. Results: The search identified 170 articles, and after the identification and screening process, 22 articles were included in this review. The findings were categorized into effectiveness and acceptability. Conclusion: There is a progressively growing body of evidence, particularly in treating and monitoring TB using VOT, which has a positive impact on improving effectiveness regarding health outcomes and is widely accepted to implement. Future studies, such as non-inferiority trials and cost-effectiveness evaluations, will help improve tuberculosis strategies and management. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34408 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34408/8489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 672 674 Hassan Karami Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Ghafoori Ghahderijani Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aida Abbasi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh Yaghoobizad Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Qaraee Najafabadi Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2024 10 14 2024 11 18 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36919 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36919/8509

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 624 633 Soukaina Azil 1. Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casa-blanca 82403, Morocco 2. Laboratory of Medical Analysis and Reproductive Biology, Labomac, Casablanca, Morocco Modou Mbaye 1. Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casa-blanca 82403, Morocco 2. Laboratory of Medical Analysis and Reproductive Biology, Labomac, Casablanca, Morocco Hasnaa Jelloul Laboratory of Medical Analysis and Reproductive Biology, Labomac, Casablanca, Morocco Moncef Benkhalifa Picardie Jules Verne University, Reproductive Medicine and Biology. University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and PER-ITOX Laboratory, CURS. Amiens, France Noureddine Louanjli Laboratory of Medical Analysis and Reproductive Biology, Labomac, Casablanca, Morocco Bouchra Ghazi 1. Immunopathology-Immunotherapy-Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco 2. IVF Laboratory, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mohammed VI International University Hospital, Bouskoura 27182, Morocco 3. Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI), Rabat, Morocco 2024 03 31 2024 10 07 Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35042 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35042/8501

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 509 520 Eka Suprapti Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia & Kurnia Jaya Persada Univer-sity, Palopo, Indonesia Veni Hadju Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Erniwati Ibrahim Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Rahayu Indriasari Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Kadek Ayu Erika Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Balqis Balqis Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 2024 09 03 2024 11 11 Background: Anemia is a significant public health problem worldwide in rich and poor countries. Anemia among teenagers can be seriously almost entirely caused by a lack of substance iron, which is closely related to the level of severity of anemia. The most visible effect of anemia is a decline in achievement studying in school. This article briefly introduces anemia, etiology, pathophysiology, impact, and preventive measures. Methods: Major databases, including Scopus, Pubmed, Proquest, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, were researched to obtain articles related to anemia in adolescent girls. The keywords used in the literature search were “ anemia and teenage girls "and " anemia prevention. " The time frame of the articles obtained ranged from 2012 to 2023. Results: Enhancement observed prevalence​ during several final years will cause prevalence to exceed​ the agreed target level. The most visible impact of anemia is a decline in achievement studying in school. Not only that, teenage women who suffer from anemia are at risk of experiencing anemia during pregnancy, which can hurt the growth and development of the fetus in Content. Apart from that, there is the potential to experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Conclusion: Identifying and understanding the etiology of anemia is critical to developing effective prevention strategies with screening. An integrated approach to early prevention of anemia involves collaboration between the health, education, and community sectors.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36534/8490

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 634 644 EN Peilong Wu Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China 2024 02 20 2024 09 30 Background: Phenols and parabens have been associated with various adverse health outcomes. However, their relationship with breast cancer remains inconsistent, and the combined effect is still unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between mixed phenols and parabens and breast cancer among female adults. Method: Participants for this study were obtained from six cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The weighted logistic regression model was employed to investigate the relationship between individual chemicals and breast cancer. Furthermore, the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to assess the joint effects of phenols and parabens on breast cancer. Results: The study included 4993 participants, with 154 women diagnosed with breast cancer. After adjusting for all potential covariates, triclosan (TCS) showed a positive association with breast cancer (OR for Q3 = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.23-3.65), while propylparaben (PrPB) exhibited a negative association with breast cancer (OR for Q4 = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23-0.98). The WQS regression mode found no significant difference between mixed chemicals and breast cancer (OR for positive model = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.65-1.84 and OR for negative model = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.57-1.58). Conclusion: Exposure to phenols and parabens has distinct effects on breast cancer risk. High-quality research is essential to obtain conclusions that are more reliable and uncover potential underlying mechanisms. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34683 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34683/8502

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 3 2025 03 04 521 529 Yuqing Shi ng for covariates such as age (OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.001-1.003, P<0.0001) and additional covariates (OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003, P=0.023). Higher EO levels were also associated with increased all-cause mortality when adjusted for age and additional covariates (HR: 1.333, 95% CI: 1.003-1.770, P=0.047). Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a significant association between EO exposure and increased risks of stroke and all-cause mortality in the general population. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings using direct EO exposure measurements. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36403 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36403/8619

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 8 2025 09 02 1776 1785 Sepideh Valipour Department of Hematology, School of Para Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Narges Obeidi 1. Department of Hematology, School of Para Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2. The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr, Iran Gholamreza Khamisipour Department of Hematology, School of Para Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Seyed Amin Mohammadi Department of Hematology, School of Para Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Maryam Ghaemi Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Bushehr, Iran Farzad Farhangdoost Department of Hematology, School of Para Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Hamideh Malekhayaty Department of Hematology, School of Para Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Maedeh Darzipour Department of Hematology, School of Para Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2024 03 08 2025 04 07 Background: One of the treatments of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is chemotherapy but it can destroy other normal cells as well as cancer cells, which can lead to infection and bleeding. The widespread consumption of nanoparticles synthesized biogenically by seaweed is because of their easy accessibility and usefulness. We aimed to investigate silver nanoparticles synthesised using Sargassum on the expression of miR-25 and 143 in Jurkat cell line. Methods: In an interventional study in 2019, Bushehr, Iran, following culture of the Jurkat cell line with 95% survival rate, we applied different drug concentrations to 20,000 cell lines and control cells separately to determine maximum cell growth inhibition and IC50. After treatment for 48 h, RNA extraction was performed, and Real Time PCR was used to evaluate miR-25 and 143 expressions. Results: MiR-25 expression in the groups that treated with the maximum dose and IC50 of silver nanoparticles and algae extract was decline but did not differ significantly from that of the control group. Conversely, miR-143 showed a remarkable decline in both treatment groups (P<0.0001). After treating PBMC with nanoparticles the expression level of miR-25 and miR-143were not significantly different. Conclusion: The level of miR-25 and 143 expressions were decrease in the IC50 dosage of silver nanoparticles and algae extract produced. The level of miR-25 expression decreased more in the treated Jurkat cell line than the level of miR-143 expression in normal lymphocytes. Given the oncogenicity of miR-25 in the Jurkat cell line, it is suggested that decreasing level of this microRNA can help to apoptosis of leukemic cells. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34855 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34855/8632

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 8 2025 09 02 1643 1655 Ling Shen Intensive Care Unit, The First People’s Hospital of Pinghu, Jiaxing, China Haijie Li Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Beijing, China 2024 12 03 2025 01 25 Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a significant challenge in intensive care units, especially among mechanically ventilated patients. Sedation protocols, particularly nurse-led interventions, have been suggested to improve patient outcomes by reducing the incidence of VAP. This study evaluated the effectiveness of such protocols on VAP incidence, mechanical ventilation duration and ICU length of stay. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to 30 August 2024 was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Nurse-led sedation protocols and their impact on VAP outcomes were selected for meta-analysis. Data extraction included sample size, interventions, control measures and primary outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model to calculate risk differences and odds ratios with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic. Results: The systematic review comprised 15 studies, with 7 studies meeting the criteria for meta-analysis. Nurse-led sedation protocols were associated with a significant reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation (Risk Difference: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.04, P=0.01). However, analyzing VAP-related mortality, the odds ratio (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.07) indicated no statistically significant difference between intervention and control groups (P=0.14). Conclusion: Nurse-led sedation protocols show promise in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation, impact on VAP-related mortality remains inconclusive. Future research should focus on refining these protocols and further evaluating their long-term effects on VAP prevention and patient outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37406 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37406/8620

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 8 2025 09 02 1786 1795 EN Maryam Mokhtari Department of Sociology, School of Human Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran Siroos Ahmadi Department of Sociology, School of Human Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran 2024 10 16 2025 02 06 Background: Although suicide is ultimately committed by individuals, it is influenced by a wide range of factors, from micro to macro levels. Methods: This time-series research examines the relationship between macro socioeconomic variables and the suicide rate from 1991 to 2023. The data were collected from the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI), the Central Bank of Iran (CBI), and the World Bank (WB). Time series charts were used to describe the data, and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was employed for examining the relationship among variables using the Microfit 5 software. Results: The results indicate a significant negative relationship between inflation, urban population, and women's participation in the labor force with suicide, but a significant positive relationship between mobile phone penetration and labor force participation with suicide rate. Furthermore, literacy and GDP per capita were not associated with the suicide rate. Conclusion: Macro socioeconomic indicators impact on suicide rates. By better understanding the mechanism of this impact and appropriate planning, suicide rates can be reduced. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36937 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36937/8633

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 8 2025 09 02 1656 1666 Lu Che 1. Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China 2. Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China Haonan Zhang Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China Kaili Xing Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China 2024 11 06 2025 01 14 Background: To systematically evaluate the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill elderly patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, PubMed and Web of science databases were searched to collect the literature published at home and abroad on the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill elderly patients in ICU. The publication date of the literature was up to Oct 24, 2024. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata SE14.0 software to calculate the Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) of each risk factor. Results: Thirteen articles were included, all of which were case-control studies. Age, glucocorticoids, mechanical ventilation ≥7 d, tracheotomy, gastrointestinal feeding nutrition, and acute physiological and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ⅱ(APACHEII) score ≥15 were the risk factor for VAP in ICU patients (OR (95%CI) were 1.044 (1.004, 1.086), 4.663 (2.098, 10.363), 2.749 (1.912, 3.952), 7.405 (2.040, 26.884), 2.676 (1.888, 3.794), 1.822 (1.198, 2.771). Conclusion: Clinical interventions targeting age, glucocorticoid use, mechanical ventilation ≥7 days, tracheotomy, gastrointestinal feeding nutrition, and APACHEII ≥15 should be prioritized to reduce VAP incidence in critically ill elderly ICU patients.Elderly https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37128 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37128/8621

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 8 2025 09 02 1667 1677 Chuanze Hu Pediatric Department Ward 1, Jinhua Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China Yaping Xu Neonatal Ward, Jinhua Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36547 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36547/8526

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 850 859 EN Narjes Noori Goodarzi Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh Zafar Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naghmeh Pourmand Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila Ajdary Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mir Saeed Yekaninejad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran Mohammad Pourmand Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Badmasti Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2024 09 11 2024 11 18 Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, affects one million people daily. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of gonorrhea in females with genital infections in Tehran, Iran. Methods: First, a bioinformatic study was conducted to identify a conserved and high-prevalent gene marker for detection of N. gonorrhoeae. One desirable marker was selected and a pair of specific primers was designed to amplify it. The reliability of the primer pair was evaluated in silico and in vitro. Subsequently, 172 patients with genitourinary symptoms were enrolled and an endocervical swab specimen was obtained from each patient to evaluate the presence of N. gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens using the specific primers. Results: Restriction endonuclease subunit S (resS, WP_003687768.1) was selected as a specific detection marker. The designed primer pair targeting resS showed specific and reliable detection of N. gonorrhoeae in silico and in vitro. Out of 172 clinical samples, seven (4.06%) cases were infected by N. gonorrhoeae. Statistical analysis of clinical manifestations showed that there was a significant association between the occurrence of N. gonorrhoeae and dysuria (P= 0.043), pelvic pain (P= 0.017), and fever (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Three promising markers were introduced for development of point-of-care testing approaches. Moreover, this study highlights a 4% prevalence of gonorrhea among women with genitourinary symptoms in Iran, which reminds the urgent need for routine surveillance and new policies in management of STIs, particularly gonorrhea.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36604/8527

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 860 869 Amin Moradi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Fateme Nikbakht Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ali Taghipour Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hamid Reza Fathi Secretary of the Coordinating Council for Prevention, Treatment and Harm Reduction of Substance Use Disorders, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Behnaz Beygi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Khadijeh Ghasemi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zahra Amiri Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ehsan Mosafarkhani Department of Epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medi-cal Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2024 05 27 2024 11 05 Background: Suicide is a serious global public health issue, which is the fourth-leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 15 and 29. This study aimed to be conducted to investigate the factors affecting suicide reattempts. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Sina Electronic Health Registration System and the HIS of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran covering around 90% of suicide attempts in Mashhad’s government hospitals (2019–2022). The study population included all Mashhad residents with documented suicide attempts in this period. Descriptive analysis was followed by a Poisson multivariable regression to identify factors affecting suicide attempt frequency, with analyses conducted in Stata version 14 and significance set at P<0.05. Results: Among 5,737 participants, 3,157 (55.0%) were men. The overall rate of suicide reattempt was 10.1% (n=580). Suicide reattempts were more prevalent among men (55.5% of reattempts, n=322), individuals with mental disorders (16.0%, n=93), substance users (7.8%, n=45), single persons (66.6%, n=386), those with high school education (47.6%, n=276), and self-employed individuals (45.7%, n=265). Poisson regression analysis revealed that substance users had a 43% higher likelihood of reattempting suicide compared to non-users (IRR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.27-1.61, p<0.001), after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion: Identifying risk factors for suicide reattempt, such as drug abuse, may be effective in identifying high-risk groups and preventing suicide reattempts. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35629 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35629/8528

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 870 880 EN Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atieh Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Mohammad Akbari Department of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Maryam Khayamzadeh 1. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Academy of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 05 2023 01 09 Background: Several factors can affect the survival of patients with breast cancer (BC). We estimated BC patients' 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates and influential factors in a single medical center during the last three decades. Methods: We enrolled patients diagnosed with BC managed in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 1991 to 2018. All patients were followed to check the patients' status. The data were analyzed regarding demographic, clinical, pathological, and molecular biology characteristics. Descriptive and survival analyses were performed. Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis. Results: Overall, 4, 429 women were included. The mean age was 49. 11 (±11. 98) yr. Nearly 70% of the patients had high school degrees. Totally, 35% of patients were diagnosed in the advanced stages of BC. Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were positive in 72. 50%, 66. 90%, and 16. 20% of the cases, respectively. About 11. 6% of patients died. The overall 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates of BC were 90%, 83%, and 75%, respectively. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, the survival rate was affected by literacy level, positive lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, ER, tumor size, and pathological grade. Conclusion: This is the first report on the 15-year survival rate of BC and its influential factors, from a medical center in Iran. The results were acceptable and comparable with those of developed countries due to scientific protocols, teamwork, and effective follow-up in a developing country. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29484 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29484/8529

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 881 884 Hossein Moameri 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Scienc-es, Kerman, Iran 2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran Sahar Salehi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran AliAkbar Haghdoost 1. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran 2. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2024 07 29 2024 12 23 Nosocomial infections remain one of the most severe public health issues, infecting millions of patients worldwide each year.  The global prevalence of nosocomial infections varies between 3.0% and 20.7%, with an incidence rate ranging from 5% to 10%. In this short article, we have tried to present a different perspective on the future of nosocomial infections from the author's viewpoint. According to our assessment, due to megatrends such as global exposure, population aging, and augmenting drug resistance, nosocomial infections are expected to become more severe in the future. On the other hand, advancements in health technologies such as e-health, Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and less invasive interventions form a new generation of hospitals capable of preventing and controlling nosocomial infections. Presenting novel approaches to nosocomial infection management will transform medicine. Therefore, it seems that in the following years, nosocomial infections will follow a different trend.