Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 124 132 Shengguo Zhu Department of Fundamental Courses, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, Hunan, China Qiaoyuan Liao Department of Fundamental Courses, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, Hunan, China Huaping Yuan Department of Fundamental Courses, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, Hunan, China 2024 11 03 2025 01 05 Background: Depression is a common psychological problem among the elderly. It undermines the elderly’s quality of life and imposes a heavy economic burden on society and families. Depression in this group must be addressed, but effective intervention therapies remain absent in existing studies. Strength-based cognitive behavior theory was combined with narrative therapy in this study. Its effect on depression in the elderly was verified through an intervention experiment. Methods: From April to June 2024, 319 elderly people were recruited from Huoju Community in Changsha, Hunan Province, China to examine the factors influencing depression. A total of 85 of them with depression symptoms were included in a randomized intervention experiment and divided into two groups: 42 in the experiment group and 43 in the control group. The experiment group was intervened with strength-based narrative therapy, whereas the control group was given no targeted intervention. Results: After the intervention, 1) the total depression score of the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.001); 2) the mental state score of the control group decreased more significantly than that of the experiment group (P<0.05); and 3) the quality-of-life score of the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group at different time points (P<0.05). Conclusion: Strength-based narrative therapy can effectively alleviate depression symptoms in the elderly, improve their mental state, delay their cognitive decline, and enhance their quality of life. It is an effective option to promote the elderly’s mental health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37101 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37101/8443

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 1 12 Xiaoli Ding Department of Gynecology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Hui Li Department of Medicine, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Qiang Yang Department of Gynecology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Nawsherwan . Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 2024 10 16 2025 01 05 Due to the significant advancement of modern societies, higher education, career growth, and economic independence, more young girls are likely to delay childbearing beyond 30 years of age. The trend of delayed childbearing is more pronounced in industrialized countries but is also becoming common in emerging countries. Delayed childbearing has been linked with several adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abnormal placentation, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm births, low birthweight, perinatal mortality, congenital birth defects, and chromosomal abnormalities. In this review, we have highlighted the trend of delayed childbearing age, the role of education and employment in delayed childbearing age, and its potential impact on adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in developed and developing countries.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36936 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36936/8433

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 225 226 Wenjie Sun Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Science, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States 2024 08 10 2024 09 30 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36341 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36341/8453

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 133 143 Minsoo Jeon Department of International Sport, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea Jiwun Yoon Center for Sports Performance Analytics, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyo Jun Yun Center for Sports Performance Analytics, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2024 01 29 2025 01 05 Background: This study was conducted to perform deep learning-based body shape cluster analysis using 3D Body Scanner. Methods: For this study, 54 variables were measured using 3D Body Scanner on 366 adult men and women at Korea National Sport University in 2022. Transformer learning and dimensionality reduction models were used to perform cluster analysis on the measured data. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to compare the principal component differences of new scale characteristics, and all statistical significance levels were set at .05. Results: First, among the two methods for classifying body types, the transformer algorithm had a higher performance in body type classification. Second, in the classification of body type clusters, two clusters, endomorphic body type and ectomorphic body type, were divided into six clusters, two for cluster 1 and four for cluster 2. Conclusion: The six clusters provide more granular information than previous body type classifications, and we believe that they can be used as basic information for predicting health and disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34468 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34468/8444

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 13 23 Zahra Hadizadeh-Talasaz Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Sedigheh Abdollahpour Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2024 01 05 2024 06 26 Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) is a modifiable factor that can enhance breastfeeding rates. Telemedicine constitutes safe and low-cost health services that can be developed for the interaction between professionals and clients. Therefore, this study aimed to review the effectiveness of telemedicine-based intervention on BSE in Iranian women. Methods: This systematic and meta-analysis review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. English databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Persian databases including SID, Magiran, and IranMedex was searched until Aug 1, 2023 to identify randomized control trials about telemedicine-based interventions on BSE in Iran. The search strategy was focused on terms and eligibility criteria. Data analysis was done using CMA V.2 software. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed. Results: Out of 385 articles, eight articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The overall result demonstrated that telemedicine-based interventions have a positive impact on BSE compared with the control, especially in the long-term intervention (pooled SMD= 1.27; 95% CI= 1.01–1.53, P-value<0/001); heterogeneity (Cochrane’s Q‐value=51.94, P<0/001, I2=76.90%). In addition, twelve weeks of postpartum had more effect on BSE than the others. Also, breastfeeding intervention in the postpartum period was more effective compared with pregnancy. The publication bias among included studies was assessed by funnel plot. Conclusion: This review could give insight to healthcare providers into the effect of telemedicine on BSE. Therefore, by strengthening BSE through telemedicine interventions, especially for women who do not have the conditions for face-to-face counseling, we can expect positive results. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34206 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34206/8434

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 227 228 Angelina Kirkova-Bogdanova Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and E-Learning,, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2024 04 25 2025 01 05 No Abstract. Not abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35348 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35348/8454

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 144 154 Emina Popovic 1. Health Center "Petrovac na Mlavi",Petrovac na Mlavi, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbiaa Jasmina Stojanovic 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Kragujevac, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Strahinja Krsmanovic Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Mila Veselinovic 1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia 2. Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia Emilija Zivkovic Marinkov 1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia 2. ENT Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Nis, Nis, Serbia Milos Stepovic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marija Radovanovic 1. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia. 2. University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Clinic for Pediatry, Kragujevac, Serbia Jovana Radovanovic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2024 08 18 2025 01 05 Background: Under the influence of numerous life factors, speech constantly undergoes changes. Parents of children with speech and language disorders have a lower quality of life compared to the parents of children without. The study examined different domains of the quality of life of families with and without speech disorders.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Serbia, in 2024, on a sample of 206 preschool children aged 5- 7 years and their parents/guardians. As a research instrument, in addition to the General Questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics of children and parents’ respondents/guardians, the Family Quality of Life Survey (FQOL) was used to assess the family's quality of life. Results: Articulation disorder was detected in 78.2% of children. Difference between the two groups of parents was found in terms of place of residence, work status, education levels, and children’s age. From the five domains of family quality of life, significance was found in the domain of family interaction regarding the support, support related to disability, and family safety. Regarding the physical/material well-being domain, the significance was found for dental care and parenting domains. No differences were found in the domain of emotional well-being. Conclusion: The importance of the study reflects in the possibility of applying the obtained research results for the creation of educational programs that will encourage positive attitudes of parents and children about speech therapy interventions, which can influence successful rehabilitation of speech disorders and improve family quality of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36416 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36416/8445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 24 35 EN Ziqiang Li Graduate School of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China Yan-Ping Zhang Department of Nursing, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Nanning 530021, China Guifen Fu Department of Nursing, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Nanning 530021, China Jing-Feng Chen Department of Nursing, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Nanning 530021, China Qiu-Ping Zheng Graduate School of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China Xiaomin Xian Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities Graduate School, Baise 533000, China Miao Wang Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities Graduate School, Baise 533000, China 2024 06 19 2024 10 06 Background: We used the Predictive Model Bias Risk Assessment tool (PROBAST) tool to systematically evaluate the existing models worldwide, in order to provide a reference for clinical staff to select and optimize DFU recurrence risk prediction models. Methods: Literature on DFU recurrence risk prediction model construction published in CNKI, China Biomedical Literature Database, Vipu China Knowledge, China Biomedical Literature Database, Vipu Chinese Journal Service Platform, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and other databases were systematically searched. The search period was until January 29, 2024, encompassing all relevant studies published up to that date. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted by two researchers, and the PROBAST was used to evaluate the bias risk and applicability of the included literature. Results: Finally, 9 literatures were included, 13 prediction models were established, and the area under the AUC or C-index ranged from 0.660 to 0.943. Nine models were validated internally and one model was validated externally. All the models constructed in the included literature are of high-risk bias, and the applicability of the models is reasonable. Common predictors in the prediction model were Wagner scale, glycosylated hemoglobin, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion: Although most of the existing DFU risk prediction models have good prediction performance, they all have high risk of bias. It is suggested that researchers should update the existing models in the future, and future modeling studies should follow the reporting norms, so as to develop a scientific, effective and convenient risk prediction model that is more conducive to clinical practice. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35848 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35848/8435

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 229 230 Na-Hyun Kim Department of Physical Education, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea 2024 02 20 2024 04 23 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34682 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34682/8456

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 155 165 Sara AlSheidi Nursing Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Omar Ayaad Quality and Accreditation Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Rawan Ibrahim Quality and Accreditation Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Salim Nasser AlDhahli Nursing Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Mohamad Majed Quality and Accreditation Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Haitham Mahfoodh AlWaheibi Informatics and Cyber Security Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Razzan Othman Abdullah Al Zadjali Quality and Accreditation Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Ossayed Al Awor Laboratory Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Balaqis Hamed Sulaiman Al Faliti Quality and Accreditation Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Anjum Osman Center In Charge, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Huda Shinoon AlAwaisi Nursing Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Abdulhamid Mustafa A Turkomani Informatics and Cyber Security Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Ibrahim Hassan Al Haddabi Laboratory Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman Khalid Al Baimani Center In Charge, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC), University Medical City, Muscat, Oman 2024 01 20 2024 06 16 Background: We aimed to enhance the quality of cancer care by reducing the rate of sample rejection and lowering the incidence of sample mislabeling at the Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre in Muscat, Oman. Methods: We adopted a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design from the second quarter of 2022 to the first quarter of 2023, assessing key performance indicators related to sample rejection and mislabeling on quarterly basis before and after implementing targeted interventions. The project utilized the FOCUS PDCA framework for systematic implementation and evaluation. Four FOCUS PDCA sessions were conducted involving a multidisciplinary team of ten participants comprising oncologists, nurses, laboratory technicians, quality management experts, and informatics and cyber security department staff. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, ensuring adherence to ethical protocols. Interventions included five educational sessions for nurses and physicians, process modifications, and improved communication protocols. Results: Analysis revealed a significant decrease in the rate of rejected samples, declining from 20.85% during Pre-Intervention to 6.05% in the Post Intervention phase. Similarly, the mislabeling rate exhibited a substantial reduction, decreasing from 1.68% to 0.25% over the same period. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed significant differences between intervention phases for both the rejected samples rate (F-value = 12.3458, P-value = 0.002) and the mislabeling rate (F-value = 57.1875, P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: These results underscored the effectiveness of the interventions in improving blood sample collection and management processes, thereby enhancing the reliability of study outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34367 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34367/8446

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 36 47 Nur Isnaini 1. Doctorate Program of Medical and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2. Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia Fatwasari Tetra Dewi Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia Ema Madyaningrum Department of Mental Health and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universi-tas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Uki Noviana Department of Mental Health and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universi-tas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2024 02 26 2024 05 30 Background: Older adults are the most hypertensive population compared to other age groups. The purpose of this study was to determine an education model involving the family and the outcomes of the program. Methods: Studies conducted in 2023. The search terms "Aged or Older Adult or Elderly and Family-centered or Family Nursing and Hypertension or High Blood Pressure" were used to conduct a scoping review in the journals PROQUEST, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and PubMed until 2022. The flowchart for the PRISMA Scoping review shows the search and selection procedure. Tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Experimental Studies are used to critically evaluate a few chosen papers. Results: There were 11 articles found out of 2,355 articles in the search results. To increase perceived threat, self-efficacy, and self-confidence, the family-involved education intervention is implemented in phases. Knowledge, family involvement, blood pressure, cholesterol, uric acid, quality of life, and behavioral changes were among the outcomes that were evaluated. Conclusion: Education involving families of the elderly with hypertension can affect a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in self-efficacy and good behavioral change, an increase in self-esteem, improved life quality, and family empowerment.Older adults https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34742 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34742/8436

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 231 233 İlknur Fidancı Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Medine Ayşin Taşar Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Ayşe Esra Tapcı Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey İzzet Fidancı Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Hilal Aksoy Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Duygu Ayhan Başer Department of Family Medicine, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 2024 06 15 2024 09 01 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35821 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35821/8457

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 166 174 Tamara Dimovic Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Nikoleta Janicijevic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dalibor Stajic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Nela Djonovic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dragan Vasiljevic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jelena Vuckovic Filipovic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Radisa Vojinovic Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Mladen Grujicic Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Health Centar Bijeljina, Bijeljina, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Milos Potezica Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jovana Radovanovic Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Viktor Selakovic Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Katarina Janicijevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olgica Mihaljevic Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marija Sekulic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2024 03 05 2024 06 01 Background: Students making the transition from high school to university find it difficult to maintain good eating routines/lifestyles and mental health, due to time constraints and stress. The goal of the study was to analyse the correlation between previously mentioned topics. Methods: We included 948 students, aged 18-27, at the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Serbia and the research was conducted in 2020. Chi-square was used for statistical analysis. Modified WHO questionnaire for lifestyle and eating habits was used, as well as standardized questionnaires for anxiety and depression. Results: Respondents who had more prominent symptoms of depression (moderate or severe) and anxiety had a significantly higher percentage of eating less than three meals a day (47.7%, 35.7%), skipped breakfast (38.6%, 33.5%), consumed alcohol (11.4%, 3.8%), used energy drinks (38.6%, 31.7%), were on some type of diet (36.6%, 30.2%), were not satisfied with their appearance (66.7%, 53%) and not engaging in physical activity (43.2%, 33.1%). Significant predictors for severe depressive and anxiety symptoms were the consumption of alcoholic beverages, energy drinks, satisfaction with personal appearance and physical activity during a day. Conclusion: The results suggest that some of the eating and lifestyle habits were linked to higher risks of developing depressive or anxiety symptoms. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34826 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34826/8447

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 1 2025 01 05 48 61 Meiwen Zhang Endocrinology Department, The First People Hostipal, LinPing District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311100, China Bo Lou Endocrinology Department, The First People Hostipal, LinPing District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311100, China Weiyuan Huang Endocrinology Department, Zhejiang Medical and Health Group Hangzhou Hospital (Hanggang Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022 China 2023 12 18 Isa Naina-Mohamed Department. of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2025 01 22 2025 05 07 Background: We conducted a systematic review which aimed to assess acceptability of implanon used based on reported side effects, continuation rates and user satisfaction in Muslim-majority Asian countries. Methods: We followed PRISMA guideline and searched SCOPUS and Medline databases for original articles that dealt with implanon, conducted in Muslim-majority Asian countries and had either continuation rates or side effects or satisfaction rate. The risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using ROBINS-I V2 Risk of Bias tool. Results: The literature search successfully identified 7 potentially relevant articles, whereby 5 of them met the inclusion criteria. 5 articles were retained in the final synthesis with 619 total participants. Implanon’s documented side effects such as menstrual irregularity and weight gain, is tolerable due to its high efficacy. Implanon has low discontinuation rates among users and has a high satisfaction rate. Conclusion: Implanon is widely accepted in Muslim-majority Asian countries with a positive impact on family planning. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37921 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37921/8670

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 11 01 2295 2297 Mahsa Farghadan Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University of South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Nayef Shabbab Almutairi Department of Public Health, Al-lith College of Health Sciences, Umm Al-qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia Ardalan Shariat Department of Digital Health, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Albert Anastasio Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA 2025 02 23 2025 04 07 This is a letter.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38273 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38273/8690

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 11 01 2263 2274 EN Fatemeh Rostampour Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Lida Sattarnezhad Department of Prevention Communicable Diseases, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Mohammad Heidari Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran Sarieh Zolfi Urmia Deputy for Health Affairs, Urmia University Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Ehsan Rikhtegar Urmia Deputy for Health Affairs, Urmia University Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2024 02 28 2025 06 01 Background: Outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne illnesses arise from the consumption of contaminated food or water. Factors contributing to these outbreaks include improper food storage, inadequate hygiene during food preparation, and environmental contamination. This descriptive-analytical study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and time series modeling of waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks in West Azerbaijan Province from Jan 2016 to Dec 2023. Methods: Data recorded in the health deputy's portal system were utilized for analysis. The variables examined included age, sex, number of patients, hospitalizations, fatalities, presenting symptoms, and spatial and geographical data related to the outbreaks. Box–Jenkins models were employed for time series analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS 26 software, while modeling was conducted using R Studio 2021.09.2 and Minitab 22.2.1 software. Results: During the study period, 1306 outbreaks were reported, resulting in 2686 cases of illness, 792 hospitalizations, and 7 fatalities. The causative agent of waterborne and foodborne outbreaks was identified through laboratory testing in 43% the cases. Entamoeba histolytica (31%) was the most commonly identified pathogen, followed by E. coli (27%), and Shigella (18%). The most common locations of outbreaks were in cities (57.9%) and at home (86.9%). The ARIMA(0,0,0)(1,0,0)12 model was determined to be the most effective model for predicting future cases. Conclusion: Water- and foodborne diseases pose a significant threat due to their rapid spread, with incidence rates increasing from 5.25 per 100,000 (2016) to 9.51 per 100,000 (2023). Fruits, juices, meat, and drinking water were the primary sources of contamination. Public education on food handling and safe water access are crucial for reducing disease transmission. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34767 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34767/8684

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2114 2126 Anwar Fazal A. Bakar Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Azimatun Noor Aizuddin Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Roszita Ibrahim Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Muhammad Zulfakhar Zubir Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Hamed Khazaei Scipeline, Ontario, Canada 2025 04 09 2025 07 08 Background: Family caregivers of stroke patients play a critical role in post-stroke recovery, yet they often face significant challenges, including physical and emotional stress, lack of knowledge, and limited access to resources. Mobile health (mHealth) apps offer a promising solution to support caregivers by providing education, task management, and mental health resources. However, gaps remain in understanding the effectiveness, functionalities, and limitations of these apps. This study aimed to 1) identify and categorize existing mHealth apps for family caregivers of stroke patients, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of these apps in supporting caregivers, and 3) analyze the gaps in current mHealth offerings to inform future app development. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 30 studies published between 2014 and 2024 from databases such as IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The studies were evaluated based on app functionality and effectiveness in caregiver support, and limitations were identified. Results: The findings revealed a diverse range of mHealth apps offering functionalities such as caregiver education, rehabilitation guidance, task management, communication tools, and health monitoring. However, notable gaps were identified, including limited multi-functionality, insufficient support for caregiver well-being, a lack of customization for diverse needs, and minimal validation through rigorous trials. Conclusion: While mHealth apps provide valuable tools for family caregivers of stroke patients, addressing the identified gaps is essential to maximize their impact. Future Development should focus on creating comprehensive, user-centered, and evidence-based apps that integrate education, mental health support, and task management. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38774 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38774/8671

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 11 01 2275 2283 Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Fatemeh Shahnazari Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Mohammad Kolyaie Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Hesamuddin Gordan Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Amir Raoofi Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Rahim Golmohammadi Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Safoora Pordel Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Sharhakord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrkord, Iran 2025 05 01 2025 08 13 Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the 10-year ASCVD risk and evaluated 5-year follow-up outcomes among adults in the Sabzevar PERSIAN Cohort Center, northeast Iran. Methods: Baseline data were collected in 2018, with follow-up completed in 2023. Risk factors including age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking status, and diabetes were assessed. The 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the American College of Cardiology's risk estimator and categorized as low (<5%), borderline (5–7.4%), intermediate (7.5–19.9%), or high (≥20%). A Cox proportional hazards model evaluated the association between age, gender, diabetes, and ASCVD events. Results: Among 2,871 participants, men had higher blood pressure, while women had higher levels of total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL (P < 0.05). Hypertension was more prevalent in men than in women (P < 0.001). Diabetes was present in 13.8% (n = 397) of participants, with no significant difference between men and women. The distribution of 10-year ASCVD risk was as follows: low (74.58%), borderline (9.3%), intermediate (13.96%), and high (2.16%). Men had a significantly higher ASCVD risk than women (P < 0.001). During the 5-year follow-up, 1.2% (n = 34) of participants experienced ASCVD events. In multivariable analysis, age (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.001), and diabetes (P = 0.013) were significant predictors of ASCVD events. Conclusion: ASCVD risk estimation and early intervention, particularly for older adults and individuals with diabetes, are essential. These findings support targeted prevention efforts in northeast Iran and similar populations. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38964 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38964/8685

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2127 2138 EN Ladan Rokni Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea Mehdi Rezaei Sogang Future Education Innovation Research Institute, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea Loarre Andreu Perez Department of Journalism and Media Studies, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA Bogang Jun Department of Economics, Research Center for Small Businesses Ecosystem, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, In-cheon 22212, Republic of Korea Suh-hee Choi Department of Geography, Department of Climate-Social Science Convergence, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea 2025 05 31 2025 10 19 Reviewing the research trends of technology adoption in tourism in reaction to the recent global health crisis provides insights into the evolution of the academic discourse of this topic and the role of technology adoption, especially in terms of attaining sustainability. This narrative review was conducted to explore the patterns of technology adoption in tourism in response to the health crisis. The findings reveal a growing scholarly focus on this topic, as well as geographical, methodological, and theoretical concentrations. Technology adoption was seen as the immediate reaction to the crisis and a tool to ensure sustainability by facilitating resilience and recovery after the pandemic. The review highlights the dual role of technology in emergency response and long-term sectoral resilience. However, ethical and structural challenges remain, necessitating better governance of tech integration in tourism. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39350 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39350/8672

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2139 2150 Yudi Adnan 1. Doctor of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Veni Hadju Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Anwar Mallongi Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Muhammad Ali Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 2025 01 28 2025 06 21 Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) imposes a growing economic burden in Indonesia, driven by rising prevalence and associated complications. This review synthesizes current evidence on the economic costs of T2D in Indonesia to inform policy decisions aimed at alleviating these financial impacts. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework, analyzing studies from major databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar published from 2019-2025. Studies included addressed both direct costs and/or indirect costs related to T2D in Indonesia, and reported annual or monthly per-patient costs. Results: Six studies were included in the analysis, representing a diverse geographical coverage and various healthcare facilities, with the majority being tertiary facilities. The average annual direct cost per patient with complications reached USD 1,607.7, compared to USD 427.3 for patients without complications, a difference of 3.8 times. Limited indirect cost data show USD 35.2 for patients with complications versus USD 20.5 for cases without complications. Hospitalization, medications, and medical procedures are the main cost drivers. Only three studies reported indirect costs, indicating a potential underestimation of the total economic burden. Conclusion: T2D complications increase healthcare costs by nearly four times. These findings support a shift in policy towards prevention, expansion of screening through insurance, and strengthening of primary services. Standardized methodologies and the inclusion of indirect costs are needed for more accurate study comparisons and policy guidance. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38002 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38002/8673

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2151 2160 Jennyfer Susan Maliakkal Babu Department of Computer Science, Centre for Machine Learning and Intelligence, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India Parthasarathy Subashini Department of Computer Science, Centre for Machine Learning and Intelligence, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India Thookanayakanpalayam Thyagarajan Dhivyaprabha Department of Computer Science, Centre for Machine Learning and Intelligence, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India 2024 12 26 2025 05 17 Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women in developing regions, particularly within tribal populations of Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. This study aimed to evaluate existing screening strategies in tribal communities, compare them with global best practices, and explore the feasibility of smart colposcopy as an effective screening tool in low-resource settings. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining systematic literature review 2000-2024, case study analysis, and technical evaluation. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, healthcare databases, and open-access medical image repositories. The diagnostic utility and usability of smart colposcopy using the Eva System were assessed. Advanced image processing techniques, including CNN-based detection and partial convolution inpainting, were applied to improve visual clarity by mitigating artifacts like specular reflection. Results: Findings reveal significant screening barriers in tribal regions, such as fear, stigma, and infrastructural deficits. Compared to structured programs in developed countries, tribal areas show lower compliance. Smart colposcopy demonstrated high potential for remote screening due to its portability and real-time AI support. Image quality enhancements improved diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: Smart colposcopy, integrated with awareness initiatives and supportive policies, offers a scalable solution to improve early detection and reduce cervical cancer mortality in tribal and underserved populations. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37588 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37588/8674

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2161 2172 Saw Ye Thu Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan Muhammad Alwi Pranata 1. Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 2. Public Health Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia Yu Yeh Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan Fu-Gong Lin 1. Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 2. Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 3. School of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 2025 01 02 2025 06 21 Background: Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) present a substantial challenge in low- and middle-income nations, especially in the Southeast Asia region. Health literacy (HL) is vital for managing NCDs and improving health outcomes by enhancing individuals' abilities to seek, understand, assess, and utilize health information. Methods: A systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, and relevant articles were sourced from PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar without limiting the publication year. Studies included were from Southeast Asia that examined the connection between HL and NCD outcomes. Sixteen cross-sectional studies from five countries were chosen for the final analysis. Results: The review observed that higher HL was linked to better health outcomes for individuals with NCDs. Communicative and critical HL were found to be more impactful than functional HL in obtaining, analysing, and applying health information. Additionally, HL was influenced by sociodemographic aspects (age, gender, education, location, and marital status, socioeconomic factors (income and employment), and societal influences (patient-doctor relationships, cultural context, and family support). HL was important in managing NCDs and for better health outcomes. Conclusion: Further studies are called for the evaluation of all three HL skills to comprehensively understand the HL of populations. Furthermore, the link between limited HL and employment status remains under-explored and deserves further attention. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37680 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37680/8675

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2173 2189 Muhammad Thoriq School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Wilda Rachmadina Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Julian Swannjo Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Fajrul Farhany Central for Health Policy and Management Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jogjakarta, Indonesia Adrian Kus Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Agus Rachmanto Govtech Health, Peruri Digital Security, Jakarta, Indonesia . Sulistiawati Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2024 12 13 2025 04 06 Background: Telemedicine is increasingly vital in healthcare, offering remote consultations via message-based and video call-based platforms. These methods improve healthcare accessibility, particularly when in-person visits are limited. Telemedicine is increasingly vital in healthcare, offering remote consultations via message-based and video call-based platforms. These methods improve healthcare accessibility, particularly when in-person visits are limited. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and up to August 2024. Studies evaluating the accessibility and practicality of global telemedicine were evaluated. From initial 439 records, 19 studies were finally in this systematic review. Studies were reviewed thoroughly with quality appraisal using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, in which those rated for high quality studies were included. Results: Most studies (74%) were from high-income countries, notably the United States (26%) and Denmark (11%). Observational studies dominated (95%), focusing on follow-up consultations (47%) and diagnostic services (32%), particularly in general care (32%), neurology (11%), and surgery (5%). Research peaked in 2022 (32%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Common platforms included WhatsApp, AnyDesk, and QliqSOFT. Accessibility was the primary focus in 53% of studies, while 47% addressed feasibility. Challenges like technological barriers and privacy concerns were particularly noted in lower-income regions. Conclusion: Telemedicine has enhanced healthcare accessibility and demonstrated feasibility. However, technological limitations and remote consultation challenges persist, particularly in lower-income regions. Continued research is needed to optimize telemedicine and equitable access.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37510 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37510/8676

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 10 2025 10 31 2190 2198 EN Hosein Kouchaki 1. Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2. USERN Office, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Reza Tabrizi 1. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 2. Clinical Research Development Unit of Vali Asr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Parnia Kamyab 1. Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2. Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mahya Pourrahimi Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Amirhossein Ghanei Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Shahriyar Goudarzi Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2023 12 14 2025 09 04 Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment, particularly face masks, has been central to infection control and reducing associated mortality. Global mask mandates, combined with widespread vaccination, helped curb peak pandemic phases. In 2023, the WHO reclassified COVID-19 as an ongoing health priority rather than an emergency, prompting reassessment of mask policies in healthcare settings. Yet, hospitals remain high-risk, especially with the concurrent “triple epidemic” of COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. This review summarizes current evidence on mask efficacy, adherence, and policy changes to determine whether, when, and under what conditions mask use can be safely eased in clinical settings. https://ijph.