Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 12 2024 12 08 2705 2713 EN Nazirah Alias Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia Wan-Fei Khaw Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia Leeann Tan Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia S Maria Awaluddin Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia Mohd Ruhaizie Riyadzi Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia Thamil Arasu Saminathan Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia Kuang Kuay Lim Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia 2024 01 08 2024 06 07 Background: Truancy is correlated with variety of unfavorable outcomes that can negatively impact adolescents’ development and well-being. We investigated the prevalence of truancy and its associated factors among school-going adolescents in Malaysia in 2022. Methods: We used secondary data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2022. It is a cross-sectional study with a multistage stratified cluster sampling study design including 32,290 students aged 13 to 17 years old. It utilized the self-administered questionnaire from the validated Malaysian Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). The associations between the truancy and its associated factors were examined using multivariate logistic regression, a complex sample analysis with sampling weightage. Results: The prevalence of truancy was 25.6% (95% CI=24.25, 26.98). In the multivariate analysis, truancy was significantly associated with older age groups (P<0.001), adolescents with separated/ divorced/ widowed parents (P<0.001), those with current any tobacco product use (P<0.001), those with ever drug use (P<0.001), those who have been physically attacked (P<0.001) and being bullied (P<0.001). Conclusion: Gender, age, parent marital status, and adolescents with risk behavior were associated with truancy. This information may provide evidence for the implementation of effective prevention and intervention strategies to reduce truancy among these school-going adolescents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34222 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34222/8416

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 12 2024 12 08 2613 2624 Ying Zhang Endocrinology Department, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing city, Chongqing 401120, China Lijuan Li Endocrinology Department, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing city, Chongqing 401120, China Yunsong Guo Medical Department, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China 2024 01 15 2024 03 17 Background: Salivary compounds can be used as diagnostic markers for changes in the oral cavity that cause oral problems in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This meta-analysis searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science until Nov 2023. The observational studies included patients with T2DM and healthy controls aged > 18 yr with no oral health problems or systematic or periodontal diseases. The Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The random-effects model was constructed using standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: The meta-analysis analyzed 13 observational studies that included 519 patients with T2DM and 356 healthy controls. Non-fasting periods of 30 min to 8 h were used to measure salivary profiles. Overall, salivary proinflammatory mediators favored patients with T2DM (SMD: 1.66; CI95%: 0.42, 2.91, P<0.01) compared with healthy subjects. Subgroup analysis revealed that interleukin-6 (SMD: 1.33; CI95%: -0.04, 2.69, P<0.05), followed by interleukin-8 (SMD: 0.92; CI95%: -0.71, 2.55, P<0.13), was greater in patients with T2DM than in healthy subjects. Among patients with T2DM, network analysis identified salivary factors most closely associated with male sex (i.e., tumor necrosis factor), female sex (i.e., interleukin-8), fasting plasma glucose (i.e., C-reactive protein), HbA1c (i.e., IL-8), and age (i.e., C-reactive protein). Conclusion: Overall, salivary IL-6 levels were greater in patients with T2DM and might be considered for monitoring oral changes. Moreover, network analysis could identify different salivary components that were most closely associated with patient characteristics. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34311 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34311/8408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 12 2024 12 08 2823 2824 Tuğba Güler Sönmez Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, Türkiye İzzet Fidancı Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye 2024 08 09 2024 09 30 No Abstract. Not abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36330 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36330/8428

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 12 2024 12 08 2714 2721 Jiarui Li Department of Physical Education and Research, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Jungjun Lim Korea Institute of Sports Science, Seoul, Korea Hyungsik Jo Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea Suh-Jung Kang Sports and Health Care Major, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea 2024 11 08 2024 12 08 Background: We aimed to determine the differences in physical fitness between older adults with and without indicators of possible sarcopenia and the associations between possible sarcopenia and fear of falling. Methods: Individuals aged >75 years living in Harbin City, China in 2023 were recruited through a local community center. The presence of possible sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2 criteria via grip strength measurement, with cut-off points of >28 kg for men and >18 kg for women. Physical fitness, gait ability tests, and a fear of falling questionnaire were administered. An independent t-test was used to compare differences in physical fitness and gait between individuals with and without possible sarcopenia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between possible sarcopenia and fear of falling. Results: The possible sarcopenia group had lower extremity strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance than the group without possible sarcopenia (P<0.001). Regarding dynamic balance, the time taken was longer in the possible sarcopenia group (P<0.001). There was also a difference in gait ability and fear of falling between the two groups (P<0.001). Compared to individuals without possible sarcopenia, those with possible sarcopenia had significantly increased odds ratios for fear of falling (odds ratio, 9.66; 95% confidence interval, 4.06–22.98). FallingConclusion: Possible sarcopenia based on the grip strength criterion was associated with decreased physical fitness and gait performance in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37140 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37140/8417

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 12 2024 12 08 2625 2631 Musafaah Musafaah Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia Hadrianti Haji Darise Lasari Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia Martya Makful Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Tris Eryando Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia 2024 01 27 2024 05 18 Background: The unmet need for family planning is an indicator in monitoring and evaluating family planning programs in the decentralization era. Spatial analysis is an analytical tool that can understand the existence of family planning disparities among regions. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the application of spatial analysis in research related to the unmet need for family planning and to review its results. Methods: The databases used in the literature search are PubMed, Scopus, and SpringerLink. The keywords used in the search were: “unmet need for family planning” OR “unmet need for contraception” AND (spatial OR geographic). Full-text articles from 2013 to 2022 were included. Results: Of the 334 identified articles, 3 (three) articles were reviewed. The three studies used spatial analysis at the level of spatial data exploration by using global and local Moran Index tests, Getis-Ord Gi* local statistics, and natural break spatial techniques. Conclusion: The use of advanced spatial analysis such as GWR and other regression analyzes is needed to investigate factors associated with regionally specific unmet need for family planning so that policy makers can allocate resources effectively. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34433 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34433/8409

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 12 2024 12 08 2825 2827 EN Byeong Jin Kim Institute of Japanese Studies, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea Kyoung-Lee Kim Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea 2024 10 15 2024 10 29 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36923 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36923/8429

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 12 2024 12 08 2722 2729 Milos Stepovic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Kristijan Jovanovic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jovana Milosavljevic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Melanija Tepavcevic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jovana Radovanovic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Viktor Selakovic Department of Communication Skills, Ethics, and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Milena Maricic Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, The College of Health Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia Stefan Vekic Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Marija Sekulic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Nemanja Rancic . Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia 2024 02 13 2024 06 16 Background: According to World Health Organisation data, on the top ten causes of death in the world in 2019, ischemic heart diseases ranked first, followed by stroke and chronic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to make cross-section of the current mortality rates of indicators of circulatory diseases, ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, access the trends of indicators in Serbia more than two decades and to find the correlation of these observed indicators between males and females. Methods: Medical indicators were taken from the publicly available Health for all databases that deals with long-term evaluation and monitoring of indicators obtained from national authorities. In this epidemiological study, following indicators were analysed: indicator of standardized circulatory diseases, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results: Between 1998 and 2021 all of the mortality indicators were decreasing in Serbia. Between 2002 and 2005 observed indicators had almost constant decreasing trend. The standardized mortality for circulatory disease along with indicators for mortality from ischemic diseases and cerebrovascular disease was more prevalent among males than females, Conclusion: Continuing the follow of indicators is of the great importance for public health and macroeconomic of countries. This decreasing trend in Serbia must remain constant and that can be effectively done through continuous irdiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Qian Lihua Department of Gynecology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China 2024 12 24 2025 04 01 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the predominant pregnancy complication in both high and low-middle-income countries. The age-standardized incidence rate and the absolute incidence number of HDP in low-middle-income countries are 2-fold and 4-fold higher than in high-income countries in 2021, respectively.  However, the reduction in the age-standardized prevalence rate (-41.1% vs. -8.7%) and incidence rate (-40.8% vs. -7.1%) of HDP is ≈5-fold faster in low-middle income countries compared with high-income countries between 1990 and 2021. Moreover, HDP is significantly associated with the increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality in both high and low-middle-income countries. In the current review, we have highlighted the prevalence, incidence, and temporal trend of HDP and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes in high and low-middle-income countries.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37600 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37600/8512

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 891 893 Mostafa Saadat Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Erfan Parizadeh Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2024 06 11 2024 09 01 No Abstract. Not Abstract.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35776 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35776/8533

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 785 794 Djoko Raicevic Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Mirko Mikic Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Ivan Mijanovic Faculty of Philosophy, University of Montenegro, Nikšić, Montenegro Nikola Milentijevic Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia 2024 08 28 2025 01 14 Background: We aimed to indicate whether the regional disparity in the general mortality rate from cardiovascular (CVDs) and chronic respiratory (CRDs) diseases correlates with the trends of the average annual values of PM10 particles in selected cities in Montenegro. Methods: We used descriptive statistics together with correlation tests. The paper deals with the regional distribution of mortality caused by CVDs and chronic respiratory (CRDs) diseases in Montenegro from 2011 to 2019, while the correlation of mortality in selected cities with PM10 particles covers the period from 2011 to 2019. Results: The selected cities from different regions of Montenegro, such as Pljevlja and Niksic, exhibited significant correlations between increased pollution concentrations and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. In Pljevlja, a strong correlation was found between PM10 concentrations and CVD mortality (r = 0.8), while in Niksic, the association between PM10 particles and CVD mortality in women was relatively strong (β=2.7). Similar, but weaker correlations were observed in Podgorica (r=0.5) and Bar (r=0.4). Regarding respiratory diseases, the correlations with PM10 particles were negative and weaker in all cities, with the lowest coefficients observed in Podgorica (r = -0.2) and Nikšić (r = -0.3), suggesting a lesser impact of pollution on mortality from respiratory diseases compared to cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Mortality trends particularly for cardiovascular diseases, show a strong correlation with poor air quality in certain cities, especially Pljevlja and Niksic. Reducing pollutant emissions would significantly contribute to improving public health in Montenegro. Future research must include established measuring stations network for air quality analysis in Montenegro.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36493 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36493/8519

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 01 710 722 Jielin Li Department of Thoracic Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China Yuan Liang Department of Thoracic Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China 2024 07 04 2024 12 06 NTRK gene is responsible for encoding TRK, which consists of three family members: NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3. These family members encode different proteins known as TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC, respectively. NTRK fusion genes are the clearest driving factor for carcinogenesis. NTRK gene fusion detection and TRK inhibitors are effective measures for the treatment of malignant tumors. The development of anti-tumor drugs targeting TRK proteins has been favored by various scientific research institutions and pharmaceutical companies. The first-generation TRK inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, have been approved for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with metastatic or locally advanced solid tumors harboring NTRK fusion proteins, demonstrating remarkable anticancer efficacy in clinical settings. However, the issue of acquired resistance to TRK inhibitors has emerged. Currently, efforts are underway to develop next-generation TRK inhibitors based on sequence, structural, and kinetic methodologies, as well as to explore the intracellular signaling pathways of TRK and the mechanisms underlying resistance. The main focus of this review was to discuss the fusion of NTRK genes and the application of TRK inhibitor treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35967 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35967/8513

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 894 895 EN Bahman Matinpour Department of Clinical Psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Elaheh Naseri Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Arina Attaran Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Javad Kazemi Department of Educational Sciences and Counseling, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran Alireza Karimpourvazifehkhorani Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2024 09 20 2025 02 24 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36680 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36680/8534

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 795 800 Kee Leng Chua Staff Health Clinic and Wellness Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore Hwang Ching Chan Epidemiology Unit, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore Jyoti Somani Epidemiology Unit, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore See Ming Lim Staff Health Clinic and Wellness Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore 2024 09 04 2024 12 15 Background: We investigated trends in acute respiratory illnesses and influenza activity in Singapore throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Publicly available data from the Ministry of Health, Singapore was used to estimate the number of daily acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) and influenza cases between 2019 and Jun 2023. Overseas travel activity was obtained from the Department of Statistics, Singapore. Trends in ARI and influenza activity during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic with changes in key public health measures were compared. Results: Pre-pandemic influenza activity exhibited seasonal peaks in Jan and Jul, with daily estimated cases exceeding 40 during these periods. During the early pandemic, influenza cases declined sharply to close to zero and remained at these levels until mid-2022, even after public health measures were eased. ARI cases followed a similar initial decline but gradually returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023, with peaks occurring outside the usual seasonal pattern. These trends corresponded with phases of public health measures, including mask-wearing and travel restrictions. Conclusion: Several hypotheses for these contrasting trends were explored, including increased public health awareness, higher influenza vaccination rates, and potential virus-virus interactions.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36539 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36539/8520

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 01 723 738 Zahra Gohari Dezfuli 1. Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Minoo Hasan Rashedi 1. Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Naeini Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sakineh Shab-Bidar Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadhossein Pourgharib-Shahi Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Xueying Zhang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Ad-vanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China Elaheh Dehghani 1. Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kurosh Djafarian 1. Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 27 2024 11 11 Background: Numerous studies have aimed to compare the effects of glucose (Glu) consumption with those of glucose-fructose (Glu-Fru) consumption on oxidation rates during exercise. However, divergent outcomes have surfaced due to variations in exercise protocols and concurrent substance ingestion, leading to a lack of consensus. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the comparative effects of Glu and Glu-Fru on total carbohydrate oxidation, endogenous carbohydrate oxidation, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, and total fat oxidation rates during exercise. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to February 2023.  The search yielded 14 randomized controlled trials involving 125 endurance athletes. Results: The meta-analyses revealed that Glu supplementation significantly increased total carbohydrate oxidation (WMD: 0.21 g/min) compared to Glu-Fru. Endogenous carbohydrate oxidation significantly increased with Glu (WMD: -0.12), while Glu-Fru led to increased exogenous carbohydrate oxidation (WMD: 0.27 g/min). Total fat oxidation decr eased with Glu-Fru (WMD: -0.06 g/min). Conclusion: By investigating athletic nutrition complexities, our findings shed light on metabolic responses to Glu-Fru versus Glu supplementation. Tailoring hydration strategies, athletes should select an optimal Glu-Fru to Glu ratio for maximal oxidation and enhanced performance. Future research could explore dose-response relationships for optimal metabolic benefits during exercise. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36484 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36484/8514

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 896 898 Farzane Ahmadi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Farzaneh Karamitanha Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mobin Hafezipour Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Kaveh Hadiloo Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2024 06 09 2024 10 29 No Abstract. Not Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35755 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35755/8535

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 801 809 Kyoung-lee Kim Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea Eun-ra Cho Institute of French Culture and Regional Studies, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea 2025 02 10 2025 04 02  Background: We explored the perceptions, value, and social visibility of public toilets by comparing the implementation of public restrooms at the 2020 and 2024 Olympics. We specifically examined how sociocultural factors influenced restroom policies and development. Methods: We conducted a survey of the history of public toilets as a form of public hygiene management in Japan and France during the Olympics. The analyses compare Paris’s eco-friendly and Tokyo’s culture-oriented approaches. Results: The 2020 Tokyo Olympics demonstrated how public restrooms can promote cleanliness and hygiene. However, the 2024 Paris Olympics adopted a practical, eco-friendly approach in response to the climate crisis. Thus, the public restrooms in both cities provided novel examples of public health policies, integrating scientific and cultural perspectives. Conclusion: Although Tokyo successfully implemented its sanitation culture in its public restrooms, challenges related to sustainability remained. In Paris, the perceptions of public restrooms have not yet been fully addressed. Nevertheless, the innovative approaches of both cities are expected to yield constructive outcomes for the 2028 Games, demonstrating the future value of such policies.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38119 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38119/8521

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 739 750 Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Reza Dehnavieh Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Kargar Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2023 02 17 2024 10 07  Background: Despite the implementation of some experimental and temporary telemedicine projects in Iran in recent years, it has not been deployed in formal healthcare services. The first step in establishment of this technology in health system is identification of barriers of this area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the barriers to telemedicine establishment in Iran health system. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Iranmedex, Magiran, SID and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were studies that reported barriers to telemedicine in Iran, non-review studies, published studies in English and Persian between Nov 22, 2010 and Mar 20, 2022. Data were analyzed using narrative synthesis and deductive-inductive thematic analysis and the World Health Organization building blocks framework was used in this regard. Results: Out of 1148 studies identified, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The findings fell into four themes, including governance/leadership, financing, health workers, and health information system besides 11 sub-themes. No specific findings were derived from the building blocks of service delivery and medical product, vaccines and technologies. Conclusion: Governance is an integral part of other building blocks of the health systems. Hence, overcoming the barriers in this field can be prioritized. Therefore, ensuring the existence of strategic policy frameworks along with some other factors such as effective supervision, coalition building, laws and regulations, and community participation can be the first solutions for establishment of telemedicine in Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31269 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31269/8515

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 810 819 Maja Vuković Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Miloš Maksimović 1. Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Siniša Ristić Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Milan Kulić Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Biljana Mijović Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Marija Milić Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Temporarily Settled in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia Nenad Lalović 1. Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. University Hospital Foča, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Nikolina Elez-Burnjaković Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Danijela Radulović Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Dajana Nogo-Živanović Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ljiljana Krsmanović 1. Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. University Hospital Foča, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Nada Avram 1. Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. University Hospital Foča, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Biljana Milinković 1. Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. University Hospital Foča, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Siniša Šolaja 1. Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. University Hospital Foča, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Sandra Matović Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Jovan Kulić Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bojan Joksimović Faculty of Medicine Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2024 11 01 2024 12 23 Background: Undernutrition disorder is a prevalent comorbidity (up to 25%) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients which significantly compromises their health. We aimed to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphysms (SNPs) adiponectin (ADIPOQ) +276 (G/T) and resistin (RETN) -420 (C/G) with the risk of developing T2D and undernutrition in patients with T2D. Methods: The research was conducted as prospective case-control study among 106 patients with T2D and 106 healthy control individuals in the territory of the Bosnia and Herzegovina from Sep 1st 2022 to May 1st 2023. For assessing the nutritional status, the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) was used. DNA analysis was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) method. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test for independent samples and binary multivariate logistic regression. Results: The research included 212 subjects of which 124 (58.5%) were male. The mean age of the subjects was 68.48±4,67 yr. Almost 20% of subjects were undernourished, significantly more T2D patients when compared to controls (33% vs. 6.6%; P<0.001). ADIPOQ +276 GT genotype was identified as significant predictor of T2D (OR: 3.454; 95% CI: 1.400-8.521; P=0.007) and undernutrition disorder (OR: 3.453; 95% CI: 1.331-8.961; P=0.011) in T2D population, while the presence of RETN -420 CG genotype had protective effect against occurrence of T2D (OR: 0.353; 95% CI: 0.144-0.867; P=0.023). However, RETN genotypes were not associated with undernutrition disorder. Conclusion: ADIPOQ +276 gene polymorphism represent a significant predictor for development of T2D and undernutrition disorder in T2D population, while RETN -420 gene polymorphism was identified as a significant factor associated with a reduced risk for T2D, but was not associated with undernutrition. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37081 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37081/8522

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 820 829 Yeon-Ju Kim Department of Nursing, Hyundai Women's & Children's Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea Yeonran Hong Department of Nursing, Sunchon National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea Ho-Jin Lee Department of Nursing, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, Republic of Korea 2024 12 13 2025 04 02 Background: We investigated the effects of self-leadership, resilience, and communication ability on the intention to keep one’s nursing job among Korean nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 245 nurses from hospitals in Jeollanam-do Province, Republic of Korea in 2022. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, post-hoc tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The intention to keep one’s nursing job was positively correlated with self-leadership (r=0.34, P<0.001), resilience (r=0.45, P<0.001), and communication ability (r=0.34, P<0.001). Positive correlations were also found between self-leadership and resilience (r=0.65, P<0.001), communication ability and self-leadership (r=0.49, P<0.001), and resilience and communication ability (r=0.69, P<0.001). Furthermore, resilience (β=0.27, P=0.001), age (β=0.26, P<0.001), welfare satisfaction (β=0.17, P=0.003), and communication ability (β=0.16, P=0.031) influenced nurses’ intention to keep their jobs. The regression model was statistically significant (F=24.94, P<0.001), and the explanatory power was 29.4%. Conclusion: Nurses’ intention to keep their jobs can be strengthened by improving their treatment, welfare, and communication abilities. Accordingly, educational programs are needed to create an efficient nursing environment and improve nurses’ resilience and communication abilities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37521 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37521/8523

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 830 838 Jianhong Dong Student Psychological Development Guidance Center, Xi 'an Shiyou University, Xi 'an, China Jing Chao College of Modern Service Management, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, China 2025 02 26 2025 04 02 Background: Information Technology (IT) workers have long experienced high-intensity work pressure and overwork, thus bringing severe challenges to managing their mental health. As a key predictor of IT workers’ mental health, perceived stress significantly affects their tendency to experience depression. Self-esteem and self-control are important factors that influence individuals to regulate their behaviors and emotions and cope with challenges, thereby playing a possible chain mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and depression. Methods: In this study, 708 IT workers in Shaanxi Province were investigated anonymously through questionnaires. The perceived stress scale, depression scale, self-esteem scale, and self-control scale were used to examine the influence of perceived stress on IT workers’ depression. Subsequently, the chain mediating role of self-esteem and self-control in this relationship was tested. Results: Perceived stress is found to influence IT workers’ depression (P < 0.01). Furthermore, self-esteem and self-control play a chain mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and IT workers’ depression (P < 0.01). In addition, the duration of occupation in IT work influences the depression of IT workers significantly (P < 0.01). Conclusion: This study revealed the chain mediating roles of self-esteem and self-control in the influence of perceived stress on IT workers’ depression. This finding is of great reference value for reducing the depression risk of IT workers and implementing mental health intervention. Conclusion: Accurate evaluation of the governance ability of urban public health can provide guidance and policy propositions to improve the governance system of public health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/38292 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/38292/8524

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 839 849 EN Hye-Eun Oh Public Health and Medical Services Team, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea Hye-Jin Kim Department of Nursing, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea 2024 09 05 2024 11 11 Background: We aimed to verify effects of a self-efficacy-based breastfeeding support program (SBP) through a 1:1 face-to-face education and non-face-to-face education via phone counselling on breastfeeding and postnatal depression in primiparous women. Methods: This is a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design study and primiparous women who gave birth at a tertiary general hospital in South Korea from May to Oct 2022 participated. Participants in the experimental group were provided with SBP (6 educational sessions) by the researcher for 4 wk after birth. Pre and post-test measures included breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding self-efficacy, adaption, breastfeeding rate, and postnatal depression. Results: The participants were 48, with 26 in the SBP experimental group and 22 in the control group. Breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and adaption scores level of increase were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<.001, P=.010, and P=.012). Breastfeeding rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P=.011). The score of postnatal depression was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P=.032). Conclusion: The SBP was validated as a program that could promote the continuation of self-directed breastfeeding even after discharge by primiparous women experiencing breastfeeding for the first time and ultimately improve the health of both mother and infant, thereby providing evidence for effective breastfeeding intervention strategies for nursing in practice. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36547 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36547/8526

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 850 859 EN Narjes Noori Goodarzi Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh Zafar Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naghmeh Pourmand Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila Ajdary Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mir Saeed Yekaninejad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran Mohammad Pourmand Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Badmasti Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2024 09 11 2024 11 18 Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, affects one million people daily. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of gonorrhea in females with genital infections in Tehran, Iran. Methods: First, a bioinformatic study was conducted to identify a conserved and high-prevalent gene marker for detection of N. gonorrhoeae. One desirable marker was selected and a pair of specific primers was designed to amplify it. The reliability of the primer pair was evaluated in silico and in vitro. Subsequently, 172 patients with genitourinary symptoms were enrolled and an endocervical swab specimen was obtained from each patient to evaluate the presence of N. gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens using the specific primers. Results: Restriction endonuclease subunit S (resS, WP_003687768.1) was selected as a specific detection marker. The designed primer pair targeting resS showed specific and reliable detection of N. gonorrhoeae in silico and in vitro. Out of 172 clinical samples, seven (4.06%) cases were infected by N. gonorrhoeae. Statistical analysis of clinical manifestations showed that there was a significant association between the occurrence of N. gonorrhoeae and dysuria (P= 0.043), pelvic pain (P= 0.017), and fever (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Three promising markers were introduced for development of point-of-care testing approaches. Moreover, this study highlights a 4% prevalence of gonorrhea among women with genitourinary symptoms in Iran, which reminds the urgent need for routine surveillance and new policies in management of STIs, particularly gonorrhea.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36604/8527

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 860 869 Amin Moradi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Fateme Nikbakht Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ali Taghipour Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hamid Reza Fathi Secretary of the Coordinating Council for Prevention, Treatment and Harm Reduction of Substance Use Disorders, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Behnaz Beygi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Khadijeh Ghasemi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zahra Amiri Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ehsan Mosafarkhani Department of Epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medi-cal Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2024 05 27 2024 11 05 Background: Suicide is a serious global public health issue, which is the fourth-leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 15 and 29. This study aimed to be conducted to investigate the factors affecting suicide reattempts. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Sina Electronic Health Registration System and the HIS of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran covering around 90% of suicide attempts in Mashhad’s government hospitals (2019–2022). The study population included all Mashhad residents with documented suicide attempts in this period. Descriptive analysis was followed by a Poisson multivariable regression to identify factors affecting suicide attempt frequency, with analyses conducted in Stata version 14 and significance set at P<0.05. Results: Among 5,737 participants, 3,157 (55.0%) were men. The overall rate of suicide reattempt was 10.1% (n=580). Suicide reattempts were more prevalent among men (55.5% of reattempts, n=322), individuals with mental disorders (16.0%, n=93), substance users (7.8%, n=45), single persons (66.6%, n=386), those with high school education (47.6%, n=276), and self-employed individuals (45.7%, n=265). Poisson regression analysis revealed that substance users had a 43% higher likelihood of reattempting suicide compared to non-users (IRR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.27-1.61, p<0.001), after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion: Identifying risk factors for suicide reattempt, such as drug abuse, may be effective in identifying high-risk groups and preventing suicide reattempts. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35629 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35629/8528

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 02 870 880 EN Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atieh Akbari Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Mohammad Akbari Department of Health Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Maryam Khayamzadeh 1. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Academy of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 05 2023 01 09 Background: Several factors can affect the survival of patients with breast cancer (BC). We estimated BC pati