Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 10 2024 09 30 2251 2259 Natalija Djurovic Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic 1. Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 3. Center for Research on Harmfull Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragu-jevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olgica Mihaljevic Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jovana Radovanovic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Milos Stepovic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marija Kovacevic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Katarina Janicijevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Gordana Djordjevic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ognjen Djordjevic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Gordana Gajovic Health Center Arandjelovac, Arandjelovac, Serbia Nela Djonovic 1. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Tamara Dimovic Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Nikoleta Janicijevic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Milena Maricic The College of Health Sciences, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Dragan Vasiljevic Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Viktor Selakovic Department of Communication Skills, Ethics and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Saerbi 2024 07 10 2024 09 30 Background: Social networks and support have an independent and strong influence on health and quality of life at all stages of the life cycle, especially in the elderly. We aimed to determine the level of social support among the elderly population of the Republic of Serbia. Methods: The survey is part of the fourth Health survey of the population of Serbia, which was conducted in 2019  by the Republic Institute of Statistics with the Institute for Public Health of Serbia "Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut" and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. The research instrument was standardized questionnaires constructed in accordance with the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS, wave3) and the social support score (Oslo-3 Social Support Scale). For the purposes of this research, data on the population aged 65 and over were used. Results: In terms of social support, 85.8% of respondents had bad , 13.9% moderate and 0.3% strong. Univariate regression analysis determined that respondents from the territory of Vojvodina had a 1.6 times higher chance of poor social support compared to respondents from southern and eastern Serbia.  The probability of bad social support was 1.5 times higher in persons who were never married/cohabiting, persons with secondary education were at 1.6 times higher risk of poor social support compared to persons with higher education. Inactive persons had poor social support 1.4 times more often than employed persons, as well as persons with comorbidities (OR=1.218). Conclusion: These researches are of great importance for public health because it provides valuable data for the creation of interventions that will intensify activities related to providing adequate social support to the elderly. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36040 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36040/8365

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 10 2024 09 29 2167 2179 Junhua Wang Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Hui Li Department of Medicine, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Wenjuan Yan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Na Xue Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Jin Yin Department of Nursing, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Nawsherwan . Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Sha Yin Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China 2024 07 02 2024 09 29 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35948 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35948/8358

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 10 2024 09 30 2380 2381 Sang-Hyuk Park Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Seung-Taek Lim 1. General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2. Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan 2024 03 29 2024 09 30 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35011 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35011/8378

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 10 2024 09 30 2260 2270 Yan Gu Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Rongjin Chen Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Jianxiang Song Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Zhan Shi Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Jixiang Wu Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Huiwen Chang Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Conghu Yuan Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yan-cheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Woda Shi Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China Yajun Zhang Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hos-pital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, China 2023 11 23 2024 09 30 Background: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart relating disease with high morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly population. While extensive investigations have been devoted to the study of mechanistic pathways related to CAVD, the key factors and mechanisms mediating valve mineralization remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of mirnas and their downstream targets in CAVD disease progression. A previous recent multi-omics study suggested a novel CAVD molecular interaction network contained miR-21-5p. Methods: CAV and their pair-matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 15 patients pathologically diagnosed as CAVD and admitted in Yancheng Third People's Hospital (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University) from 2019-2021. RT-qPCR was utilized for detection of miR-21-5p and related protein expression levels to confirm the related factors in CAVD progression. Western blotting was applied to strengthen the results of RT-qPCR and confirm osteogenic differentiation of VICs via biomarker detection. The staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red was performed to assess the degree of VIC mineralization. Results: We found that miR-21-5p was remarkably increased (P<0.0001) in calcified aortic valves (AVs) whereas TGFBI was diminished (P<0.01) in CAVD samples compared to the paired normal tissues from CAVD patients. Additionally, TGFBI was targeted by miR-21-5p. Furthermore, overexpressing TGFBI could block VIC osteogenic differentiation mediated by miR-21-5p. To sum up, miR-21-5p promotes VIC osteogenic differentiation and calcification via TGFBI in CAVD progression. Conclusion:  Our work might bring a sight on underlying mechanisms of CAVD progression and provide a possible therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33840 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33840/8366

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 10 2024 09 30 2180 2190 EN Nurgul Sikhayeva National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan Akmaral Nursafina Faculty of Natural Science, Eurasian National University Named After L.N. Gumilyov, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan Aidana Satayeva Faculty of Natural Science, Eurasian National University Named After L.N. Gumilyov, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan Talgat Utupov National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan 2023 08 16 2024 01 15 Background: Thirty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are commonly found in ADIPOQ. APN levels are decreased in obesity, and SNPs of the ADIPOQ gene affecting APN have varying associations with the development of obesity in different populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of SNPs in ADIPOQ with the risk of obesity development in various populations. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist date up to Feb 2023. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale to find out if a study fit the main criteria for submission and to assess the data quality of the articles included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated via Review Manager (RM) V.5.4 to estimate the connection between ADIPOQ polymorphic qualities of a gene and the risk of developing obesity. Results: The present study analysed the association between ADIPOQ polymorphisms (rs1501299, rs2241766, rs266729, rs822393, and rs822396) and obesity risk and suggested that APN is partially responsible for the emergence of obesity and increases its risk. Conclusion: It is important to take into account several limitations of this meta-analysis when evaluating the findings. First off, even though we looked through numerous databases for all relevant papers, there is a chance we overlooked some. Our capacity to arrive at more firm conclusions was further hampered by the small number of papers that made up our meta-analysis. The most current data, however, are presented in this study since it used newly published data to perform a meta-analysis and evaluate the relationship between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and obesity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32922 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32922/8359

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 10 2024 09 30 2382 2384 Masoumeh Roohaninasab Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Safoura Shakoei Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azadeh Goodarzi Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin Mansouri Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farahnaz Nikkhah Department of Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 05 27 2022 02 23 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25092 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25092/8379

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 10 2024 09 30 Institute/Deparment: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health/ E B Sirmagul Institute/Deparment: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health/ E 2015 10 03 Background: This study has been conducted on workers from several workplaces where materials containing lead are used during December 2006-April 2007 in Eskişehir, a city of the Middle Anatolian Region of Turkey. Methods: The study and control groups were occured with 403, and 97 men, respectively. After each interview with the individuals, their blood pressures (BP) and complete blood counts (CBC) were measured. The blood lead level (BLL) of 10 μg/dL was accepted as cut off level for high BLL. In statistical analyses, Chi-square test (x2), Fisher's exact test, Student t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test, and Logistic regression analysis were applied. Results: The mean age was 35.55±9.00 yr (min=18, max= 54) in study group. The prevalence of high BLL was 10.2% (n= 41) in study group. The working on smeltery, and the working on polyvynil chloride product, and history of lead poisoning are important risk factors for high BLL (for each one P< 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated several precautions and steps to be taken for better protection from lead poisoning: considering workplace medicine more seriously and particularly planning special health programs in order to raise awareness among workers for using protective gear/wear and applying routine hygienic habits, and improving the preventive measures for workplaces, and providing technical equipment for routine MAC measurements in workplaces, and increasing the legal liability and sanctions. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3191 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3191/2990

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 79 89 N Aryaeian Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Djalali Dept. of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, F Shahram Rheumatology Research Center, Shariaty Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Djazayeri 2Dept. of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences MR Eshragian Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scien N Nadery Rheumatology Research Center, Shariaty Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Fatehi Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Zarei Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Chamari Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). We investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind placebo, controlled, clinical trial 87 patients with active RA were enrolled. They were divided into 4 groups, received one of the following daily supplement for 3 months; 1- group C: 2.5gr CLA, that con­tained 2 gr 50:50 mix of cis 9-trans11 and trans 10-cis 12 CLAs, 2- group E: 400mg Vitamin E, 3- group CE: CLAs  plus vita­min E, 4- group P: placebo. After supplementation Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level increased in C, E and CE groups, CE group had  lower GSH-Px than P group(P≤ 0.05). Results: Glutathione reductase (GR) increased in CE, C and P groups. Catalase increased in all groups, but enhancement was significant in C and CE. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in E and C (P≤ 0.05). Catalase and SOD did not show signifi­cant differences between groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in all groups but this decrease was only significant in CE in comparison with other groups. Conclusion:  CLAs might be useful in reducing oxidative stress in RA https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3192 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3192/2991

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 90 97 G Chamani Dept. of Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center Medicine, Kerman Dental School, Iran MR Zarei Dept. of Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center Medicine, Kerman Dental School, Iran M Rad Dept. of Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center Medicine, Kerman Dental School, Iran M Hashemipoor Dept. of Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center Medicine, Kerman Dental School, Iran AA Haghdoost Physiology Research Center and Dept. of Community Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, I 2015 10 03 Background: Epidemiologic aspects of oral and pharyngeal cancers in Iran have not been studied adequately. We evaluated age-adjusted incidence rates by sex using pathological confirmed cases between 1991 and 2002 in Kerman Province, south east­ern Iran. Methods: The information of cases was collected actively from all of the 18 histopathology departments around the prov­ince. The standardize risks were estimated using standard world population and the risk ratio for age and sex were estimated us­ing negative binomial model. Results: The total number of newly diagnosed malignant oral and pharyngeal cancers was 334, represented 3.1% of all newly diagnosed cancers. The age-adjusted incidence rate for oropharyngeal cancers was 2.21 cases per 100 000 popula­tions per year. The results suggested that those age 40 and over were 18.1 times more likely to develop oral and pharyngeal can­cer than the younger group. The risk of developing oral and pharyngeal cancers was 1.75 times more common in males than females. Conclusion: This study showed that the overall incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancers in Kerman Province was lower than that in most parts of the world. The lower incidence might be due to behavioral differences such as low consumption of alco­hol, chewing tobacco, and spicy foods. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3193 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3193/2992

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 98 105 M Douraghi Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Mohammadi Helicobacter pylori Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran MH Shirazi Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Oghalaie Helicobacter pylori Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran S Saberi Kashani Helicobacter pylori Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran MA Mohagheghi Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Eshagh Hosseini Endoscopy Unit, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Zeraati Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scien M Esmaili Helicobacter pylori Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran M Bababeik Helicobacter pylori Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran N Mohajerani Helicobacter pylori Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 2015 10 03 Background: To asses the status of two representative genes of cag PAI i.e cagA and cagE of Helicobacter pylori strains infecting Iranian patients suffered from various clinical outcomes using one-step PCR. Methods: A total of 120 H. pylori infected patients including non-ulcer dyspepsia, NUD (n=81), peptic ulcer disease, PUD (n=17), and gastric carcinoma, GC (n= 22) referred for endoscopy or gastric resection to AmirAlam Hospital or Cancer Institute from 2005 to 2008 were assessed. The status of cagA and cagE genes was determined by gene specific PCR. Results: 84.2% and 90.8% of the tested strains were positive for cagA and cage, respectively. 81.7% strains were positive for both cagA and cagE genes, whereas 8 (6.7%) were found double negative. The prevalence of cagA in GC patients (100%) was slightly higher than PUD patients (94.1%). All of GC cases were infected with cagA-positive strains. The same distribution pattern was indicated for cagE gene in GC and PUD patients. The cagA-positive strains were significantly associated with GC as compared with NUD (P< 0.05) but this association did not gain statistical significance when cagE gene was assessed. Conclusion: The concurrent detection of cagA/cagE genes allowed rapid and specific clarification of cag PAI status. The strains with cagA/cagE genotype are predominant in Iran regardless of clinical outcome and create a distinct cluster pattern from those in the West and similar to those of East Asian countries. The current study also demonstrated that cagE gene can be explored as a better indication of cag-PAI in Iranian H. pylori strains. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3194 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3194/2993

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 106 112 M Moazeni Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Te F Noorbakhsh Islamic Azad University, Varamin-pishva Branch, Tehran, Iran F Zaini Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Te P Kordbacheh Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Te J Hashemi Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Te B Mousavi Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Te L Andonian S Rezaie Division of Molecular Biology, Dept. of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Te 2015 10 03 Background: Malassezia are dimorphic, lipid-dependent yeasts, which are responsible for causing several cutaneous and sys­temic conditions. Although cyclophilins (CyPs) are highly conserved cytosolic proteins that catalyze the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerazation reaction before protein folding process, it has been suggestive of an allergen in a few numbers of fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Malassezia species. Allergenic cyclophilins are IgE-binding components, which have been characterized in other species of Malassezia; and are considered as Mala s 6 in Malassezia sympodialis.  In the pre­sent study we tried to identify the molecular characterization of cyclophilin gene in M. furfur. Methods: Pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed from highly conserved regions of the gene counterparts in other fungi. The primers were then applied to amplify the primer-specific DNA fragment. Afterward, PCR product fragments were sequenced to be used in further analysis. Results: About 573 nucleotides, encoding a polypeptide of 190 amino acids, have been sequenced. Sequence comparison was performed in Gene Bank, both for the nucleotides and their deduced amino acid sequence. It revealed a significant homol­ogy with cyclophilin genes and proteins of other eukaryotic cells. The amino acid sequence of the encoded protein was about 86% identical to the sequence of cyclophilin protein from other fungi. Conclusion: The molecular characterization of cyclophilin gene may open the way to disclosure of the functional char­acteris­tics of cyclophilin and is a fundamental step for understanding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis in AEDS dis­ease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3195 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3195/2994

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 113 118 HR Abdolsamadi Dept. Of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Bakianian Vaziri Dept. Of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran SH Abdollahzadeh Dept. Of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran KH Mani Kashani Dept. Of Community Medicine, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Vahedi Dept. Of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Dental students who are frequently in contact with body fluids like blood and saliva are still at high risk for HBV exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of HBV vaccine and personal factors associated with serologic evidence of the immune response. Methods: A descriptive-cross sectional study was carried out using data from Hamadan dental school students that received just three doses of HBV vaccine. The serum sample of 86 dental clinical students were examined in order to determine hepatitis B surface antigen and the level of anti-HBs using IEMA method. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of vaccine response to the variables Sex, age weight, smoking status and the time lasting from the third dose of vaccine injection. Results: Ninety-three percent had positive anti-HBs response and 7% were non-responders. No one showed HBsAg. Vaccine response was most strongly associated with age, smoking status, sex and weight. The time lasting from the third dose was unrelated to vaccine response. Conclusion: Clinical dental students had desirable immune response to the HBV vaccine nevertheless recommended num­ber of doses, standard protocol and early vaccination are critical to adequate protection against hepatitis infection among all health care workers, in particular dental students and dentists who are often exposed to blood and other body fluids. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3196 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3196/2995

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 119 124 A Goshtasebi Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Vahdaninia Dept. of Social Medicine, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran R Gorgipour Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Samanpour Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Maftoon Dept. of Health Services Management, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, F Farzadi Dept. of Health Services Management, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, F Ahmadi Faculty of Public Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: The Pabon Lasso model was  applied to assess the performance of six State-run hospitals in the province of Kohgilooyeh & Boyer-Ahmad, to produce information that used by policy makers in their attempt to make the health care sys­tem more productive. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved all the six public hospitals in the province, with 607 registered beds. Data collec­tion accomplished by the use of two ad hoc questionnaires that dealt with both general information and admission data from various hospital wards. The statistical software SPSS-13 used to derive three basic performance indicators, namely aver­age length of stay, bed occupancy rate and bed turnover, which analyzed in Pabon Lasso model. Results: The overall average length of stay, bed occupancy and bed turnover rates were 2.99 days, 62.78% and 76.73 respec­tively. Two hospitals were in Zone III of the model, indicating a satisfactory level of efficiency. Three hospitals demon­strated inefficiency and underutilization of resources by falling into Zone I. one hospital placed in Zone IV. Conclusion: The best approach to address the existing inefficiencies would lie in stopping the expansion of the current facili­ties (e.g. not adding any more beds). As any further expansion will only serve to make hospitals more inefficient. Fu­ture research should focus on why the performance is not at a desirable level and how the situation can be improved.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3197 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3197/2996

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 125 129 H Sanaei Nasab Dept.of Health Education, Health School of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran R Tavakoli Dept.of Health Education, Health School of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran F Ghofranipour Dept. of Health Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran A Kazemnejad Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran A Khavanin Dept. of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Studies show that about 90% of accidents occur because of unsafe behavior and human errors. Even if workers do not have the right knowledge, attitude and behavior toward safety measures in a safe workplace, all efforts for an accident-free workplace will be in vain. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior of workers toward occupational health and safety. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on workers in Mahshahr Razy Petrochemical Complexm Ahwaz, Iran. A sample size of 210 was randomly selected. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Ques­tionnaire's validity was gained by content-validity and its reliability was validated by Kronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed using SPSS 13. Results: Mean age of workers was 31.1 years. The mean of their knowledge, attitude and behavior was reported 26.02, 153.18 and 36, respectively. 52.9% of workers had low, 36.7% moderate and 10.5% high level of knowledge. In addition, 75.7% of the subjects had a positive attitude towards occupational health and safety; 30% of workers had low safety behavior and 70% had safe behavior. The mean of knowledge grade shows a significant relationship with education level. A same relationship was reported for the mean of attitudes and behavior with age. Conclusion: Managers should design and implement educational interventions to promote knowledge, attitude and safe behaviors of workers. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3198 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3198/2997

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 38 2 2009 06 15 130 133 MA Boroumand Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran H Akhyani Tehran Heart Center, Tehran Universi Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases, memory impairments and multiple cognitive and behavioral deficits characterize that. We aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD. It introduces the regenerative medicine approach as a novel therapeutic strategy based on the pathogenesis of AD that would be efficient. Our data was collected using databases such as the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We summarized the available therapeutic strategies to induce neurodegeneration that can increase the number of neurons and their survival and improve the plasticity of synapses and synaptic activity. There is a different approach to treatment. In first-line treatment, focusing declines the amyloid beta and hypophosphorylated tau protein accumulation. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, but in regenerative medicine focusing on treatment via gene therapy, cell therapy, and tissue engineering. As a proposed solution for AD in recent years, the use of inhibitors of the pathogenesis of AD is known as a supportive therapeutic approach, but the multi-potential treatment of regenerative medicine has been able to provide promising results in treating neurodegenerative patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36783 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36783/8595

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1493 1503 Zhou Lei Department of Pharmacy, Taixing People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China Li Hui Department of Medicine, Taixing People Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Sun Anxiu Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2025 05 06 2025 07 08 Background: Drug use disorders (DUDs) pose a serious public health threat, exacerbating the worldwide disease burden and resulting in a dramatic rise in fatalities. We aimed to explore the global and cross-country disparities in the fatal and non-fatal burden attributable to DUDs and subtypes by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data were analyzed to estimate the fatal [i.e. mortality and years of life lost (YLL)], non-fatal [i.e. disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLD)] burden, trend attributable to DUDs, subtypes by sex and age groups using the joinpoint regression model across India, China, as well as world between 1990 and 2021.   Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized fatal and non-fatal rates attributable to DUDs significantly increased in India and the world, whereas substantially declined in China. China experienced a 2-fold higher age-standardized DALYs and YLDs rate in 2021, and India observed the fastest (2-fold) upward trend in the age-standardized mortality and YLLs rate attributable to amphetamine use disorders than the world. The trend in YLD rate attributable to DUDs significantly increased in the young age group <20 years in India. The world experienced a significant increasing trend in the fatal rate attributable to DUDs in the middle age group 20-54 years. Overall, females observed remarkable improvement in the fatal and non-fatal burden attributable to DUDs across India, China and the world. Conclusion: India and the global population experienced rising age-standardized fatal and non-fatal rates due to DUDs—while China demonstrated progress. The trend varied by DUD subtypes, age group, and gender, with amphetamine use disorders disproportionately affecting India and China and females showing improved outcomes across all regions. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/39011 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/39011/8604

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1411 1423 Fatemeh Estebsari Department of Operating Room and Anesthesia, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Latifi Department of Public Health, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima Ghorbanzadeh Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Zahra Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2024 09 09 2025 03 01 Background: We aimed to review systematically the role of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting the health behaviors of patients at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate the effectiveness of HBM-based educational program on the knowledge and intention of individuals for preventive actions. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar from1980 up to June 2023 using CRC and HBM as the search words with all their similar terms. All available data were then extracted and described qualitatively. Results: Overall, 37 articles with 24286 study populations were collected for data extraction. Findings showed that perceived benefit was the most important component of HBM and community-based education can play an important role in improving the awareness and intention of individuals for preventive actions such as screening behaviors. In addition, culture is an important factor in health belief of individuals, so culture-based modified HBM may help to enhance the efficiency of HBM in predicting the knowledge and intention rate among the population. Conclusion: Preventive actions can minimize the risk of developing cancer, and consequent quality of life. HBM provides a valuable framework for understanding health behaviors by considering the perceptions of individuals about the disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36586 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36586/8596

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1504 1515 Cong Hiep Duong Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam Thuy Phuong Thi Do Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam Trang Giang Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam Kim Thoa Hoang C Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam 2024 10 21 2025 04 21 Background: Post-COVID-19 pandemic showed a marked increase in nurse resignations, which has exacerbated pressure on healthcare systems globally. Mental health and Perceived Organizational Support have emerged as critical factors influencing nurses' commitment to their organizations in the post-pandemic era. We aimed to explore the complex relationships between psychological well-being, work engagement, organizational commitment, and perceived organizational support within the Vietnamese healthcare context. Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional quantitative approach. The questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms during March and April 2024, providing valuable insights into the studied phenomena within Vietnam's unique socio-cultural landscape. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to gather data. Upon completion of data collection, a total of 302 valid observations were obtained. The analysis was conducted using PLS-SEM. Results: Work Engagement mediates the Psychological Well-being - Organizational Commitment relationship; Perceived Organizational Support moderates the Psychological Well-being - Organizational Commitment relationship; Perceived Organizational Support also moderates the mediation of Work Engagement between Psychological Well-being and Organizational Commitment. This study enhances the understanding of how Psychological Well-being and Work Engagement influence nurses’ Organizational Commitment and highlights the role of Perceived Organizational Support as a key organizational resource in shaping these mechanisms. Furthermore, Organizational Commitment is linked to demographic variables such as age and monthly income, with age being a positive predictor and monthly income a negative predictor. Conclusion: Healthcare managers can promote Nurses’ Organizational Commitment by employing strategies to enhance their Psychological Well-being, Work Engagement, and Perceived Organizational Support. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36985 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36985/8605

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1516 1529 Xiaoqiu Zhu Department of Nursing, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China Junyan Hua The University of Sydney, Camperdown/Darlington Campus, NSW, Australia 2024 03 31 2025 07 08 Background: Extreme obesity pathology is with a risk factor for heart failure (HF), whereas the obesity paradox in HF shows that obese subjects had a good prognosis. The mechanism underlying the obesity paradox in HF prognosis is unclear till now. We aimed to provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms of the obesity paradox in HF. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ischemic HF samples were identified in the GSE57338 and GSE5406 datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules and a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were constructed. HF-associated DEGs and pathways were screened in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The expression of hub genes in adipose tissues from obese patients and LV samples from HF patients were validated in microarray datasets. Results: Three HF-associated WGCNA modules were identified and DEGs were associated with the ‘hsa04115: p53 signaling pathway’. SERPINE1 was the only common gene between DEGs and HF-associated genes in the CTD database. The SERPINE1 gene was downregulated in the white adipose tissues compared with brown adipose tissues (P = 3.90e-03) and was upregulated in the omental adipose tissues from obese patients compared with lean subjects (P = 3.85e-02). Conclusion: The downregulation of SERPINE1 expression might be responsible for the obesity paradox in HF via interacting with ESR1. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35037 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35037/8606

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1530 1539 Mostafa Eghbalian Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Centre, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Fateme Vaziri School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran Habibeh Nasab Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Pub-lic Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mahnaz Yadollahi Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Forough Pazhuheian Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Norouzi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2024 11 17 2025 02 06 Background: We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of road accident mortality and identify high-risk areas, considering the years of life lost (YLL) in Fars Province, central Iran. Methods: The present study was conducted cross-sectionally in 2019. We used Kernel Density and hot spot analysis to identify statistically significant clusters of road accidents. For the descriptive analysis, we utilized the chi-square test, considering a P-value of less than 0.05 as statistically significant. To calculate years of life lost, R 4.3.3 software and the “YLL” package were used. Results: A total of 1,604 people died in road accidents, with the majority being male (1,304). The mean age of the subjects was 37.63+36.61 years. The axes with a greater concentration of accidents included Shiraz-Marvdasht-Abade towards Esfahan, Shiraz-Kazeroun towards Bushehr, and Kazeroun- Noorabad towards Yasouj. Head injury and multiple fractures were the most prevalent causes of death among both sexes. The number of deaths and YLL due to accidents was higher in men than in women, in all age groups. In men, the number of deaths and YLL were more between the ages of 15 and 34 years, while in women, the distribution of the number of deaths and YLL did not differ much until the age of 70 years. Conclusion: There is significant accident hotspots along the Shiraz-Marvdasht-Abade towards Esfahan, Shiraz-Kazeroun towards Bushehr, and Kazeroun-Noorabad towards Yasouj routes. In addition, the highest number of YLL due to road accidents occurred among teenagers and young adults.  Policymakers need to focus on targeted interventions in these high-risk areas and develop strategies aimed at reducing accidents, particularly among younger males, to enhance road safety and decrease mortality rates. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37220 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37220/8607

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 08 1540 1550 EN Zahra Hariri Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Yari Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Nilghaz Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Monirsadat Mirhoseini Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sedighe Hoseini Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Khadijeh Abhari Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutri-tion Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Golbon Sohrab Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 08 27 2023 11 07 Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic supplement-containing spore-forming Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30) on the glycemic, hormonal and anthropometric parameters in patients with PCOS. Methods: In this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 72 patients with PCOS were randomly and equally assigned to receive a dai47 155 Jafar Sadegh TABRIZI Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Majid KARAMOUZ East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Homayoun SADEGHI-BAZARGANI Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Alireza NIKNIAZ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Leila NIKNIAZ Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Roya HASANZADEH Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Jalal HANAEE Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mostafa FARAHBAKHSH Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2019 01 16 Background: For overcoming the existing problems and finding a pathway for realization of universal health care, health complexes were implemented in the form of a pilot project in Tabriz suburban area. Methods: Tabriz Health Complex Project was designed in 2013 in the provincial health center of East Azerbaijan. In terms of execution schedule, this intervention had 4 phases including 1) study phase, 2) planning phase, 3) pilot phase, and 4) implementation phase. Each health complex covers a population of 40,000 to 120,000 in a defined geographic area and consists of a Comprehensive Health Center (CHC) including health centers and a management center, which usually located in CHC. The important features of this project are as follows: people-centered primary health care, special attention to health promotion and prevention and establishment of a referral system within the region (organic connection between the first and second levels). Results: An accountable and responsive health care system has been established to deliver integrated care services to people in a defined catchment area against identified per capita payment, under district health centre policies and regulations. Each health team consisted of a general practitioner and a family health nurse who covered around 4000 people to deliver prevention, promotion, and treatment services especially in and NCDs field. Conclusion: Health complex as a model of public-private participation and practical solution to address many of the problems in the primary care system of the country. The project can organize the PHC system and family medicine program.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15950 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15950/6265

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 156 161 Afagh FAZELI Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parivash KORDBACHEH Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali NAZARI Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Roshanak DAIE GHAZVINI Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein MIRHENDI Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahin SAFARA Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Heidar BAKHSHI Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Razieh YAGHOUBI Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 01 16 Background: Candiduria in hospitalized patients may represent contamination, colonization, or urinary tract infections. On the other hand, candidemia and upper urinary tract infection could be the complications of candiduria. The aim of this study was to determine candiduria in hospitalized patients and identify isolated Candida species by conventional and molecular methods. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini and Mostafa Khomeini hospitals in Ilam, western Iran from Jan to Dec 2016. Urine samples of hospitalized patients were collected during a period of 4 months for diagnosis of candiduria. Primary identification was done by conventional methods. PCR profile was carried out using phenol-chloroform method and confirmed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique by MspI restriction enzyme. Results: Candiduria was diagnosed in 18 (9.2%) cases from a total of 195 patients. Isolated yeasts were