Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2030 2039 EN Doudou Zhao 1. Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China 2. Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, China Jie Chen Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China Xiayang Li Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China Zhaofang Li Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China Jingchen Zhang Graduate Department, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China Caixia Gao Graduate Department, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China Wenbo Hong Graduate Department, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China Danmeng Liu 1. Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China 2. Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, China Wenhao Shi 1. Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China 2. Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, China Juanzi Shi 1. Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China 2. Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, China Pengfei Qu 1. Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China 2. Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, China 3. Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China 2023 09 25 2023 12 03 Background: Advanced maternal age decreased success of pregnancy rate in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. We aimed to investigate the association between age and miscarriages in women who required ART for conception. Methods: A cohort study was conducted using a 10-year sample of 14,898 pregnancy cycles with ART treatment in Xi’an, China. The effects of women’s age on miscarriage were assessed using Poisson regression models. The threshold effect between age and miscarriage was explored through curve fitting. Results: Compared with lower than 30 years, the risks of early miscarriage and miscarriage were higher in the older age groups (early miscarriage: [35-37 years: RR=1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26 to 1.74; ≥38 years: RR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.87 to 2.72]; miscarriage: [35-37 years: RR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.24 to 1.69; ≥38 years: RR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.82 to 2.60]). The nonlinear relationship between age and early miscarriage and miscarriages were observed. The risk of early miscarriage and miscarriage rapidly increased with age after the turning point (age=33 years) (<33 years: [early miscarriage: RR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.04; miscarriage: RR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.03]; ≥33 years: [early miscarriage: RR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.13; miscarriage: RR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.13]). Conclusion: Among pregnancy cycles undergoing ART, advanced age is associated with higher risk of early miscarriage and miscarriage, and nonlinear relationship between age and early miscarriage and miscarriage were found. More attention should be paid to the risk of pregnant women with older than 33 years in ART treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33265 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33265/8342

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1910 1923 EN Lingyu Kong School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China Zhiqi Zhang School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China Yanyan Li School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, PR China Xinrui Zhu Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou, 221009, PR China Jia Fan Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, PR China Lingyue Meng School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China Qiuxia Zhang School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China 2023 12 12 2024 02 21 Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent health issue that imposes heavy burdens on personal health status and social healthcare. Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS)/Vojta therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in managing conditions related to musculoskeletal system. However, its effects on individuals with LBP remain incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the effects of DNS/Vojta therapy on pain intensity and physical function in individuals with LBP. Methods: A search of studies was conducted on several academic databases from inception through April 13, 2023. This study included clinical trials that evaluated the effects of DNS/Vojta therapy on the outcomes in individuals with LBP. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using PEDro scale, Cochrane Collaboration tool, and ROBINS-I scale. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software (RevMan version 5.4.1, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020). Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified twelve eligible studies, which demonstrated that DNS/Vojta therapy significantly alleviated pain intensity (SMD=-1.09; 95%Cl [-1.74, -0.44]; Z=3.28; P=0.001), reduced disability severity (SMD=-0.91; 95%Cl [-1.48, -0.34]; Z=3.12; P=0.002), and improved quality of life (SMD=1.05; 95%CI [0.14, 1.96]; Z=2.27; P=0.02) in individuals with LBP, while no significant improvements were observed in static and dynamic balance ability or spine flexibility. Conclusion: DNS/Vojta therapy is a promising approach for providing great benefits for individuals with LBP, particularly in terms of reducing pain intensity and disability severity, and improving quality of life, which is worth further in clinical application. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33978 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33978/8333

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2160 2162 Keun-Sook Park Department of Nursing, Gwangju Health University, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, South Korea Kweon Young Ran Department of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwang Ju, South Korea Aeri Jang Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea 2024 04 03 2024 09 03 No Abstract. No Abstract No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35073 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35073/8355

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2040 2048 Jovana Todorovic Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Zeljka Stamenkovic Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Dejan Nesic Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Katarina Vojvodic City Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Aleksandar Stevanovic Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Pavle Piperac Department of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Stefan Dugalic Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Miroslava Gojnic Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Zorica Terzic- Supic Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2023 05 04 2023 10 31 Background: Certain lifestyle characteristics, such as dietary patterns, physical activity, and maintenance of recommended body weight, low-risk alcohol consumption and non-smoking are associated with the lower likelihood for the development of chronic-non communicable disease in the general population. These lifestyles are called health promoting behaviors (HPBs). We aimed to examine the prevalence of the HPBs among the women of reproductive age in Serbia and the factors associated with the compliance with four or more of these behaviors. Methods: The study was the secondary analysis of the data from the National Health survey in Serbia from 2019 that examined social, health status, mental health (using PHQ-8) and lifestyle characteristics of the general population in Serbia. Results: The prevalence of compliance with four or more HPBs was 22%. Among the HPBs the most frequent was a non-risky alcohol consumption reported by 2585 participants (99.2%), followed by normal weight (2018-69.2%) and non-smoking (1469-69%), daily fruit and vegetables intake (969-33.2%) and sufficient aerobic PA (216-7.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis with four or more HPBs as an outcome variable showed that the association of compliance with four or more HPBs with tertiary education (OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.32-2.76) use of prescription medications (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44-0.87) and score on PHQ-8 (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98). Conclusion: There is a need for deeper promotion of health-related behaviors among all educational and vocational groups, including health promotion activities at the primary health care level, which is available to the entire population. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31928 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31928/8343

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1924 1934 EN Norizzati Amsah Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Zaleha Md Isa Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Norfazilah Ahmad Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2023 09 14 2024 02 10 Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a wide range of health outcomes, including an increased risk of depression and anxiety and a decline in quality of life. Even though the significance of biopsychological factors in the mental health status of T2DM patients has been discussed in other studies, the role of environmental factors has been lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the relationship between environmental factors and mental health status among T2DM patients. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews was utilized in this study. Using predetermined keywords, a systematic search was conducted on three electronic databases from 2005 to 2023, namely, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Articles written in English, and studies focusing on the research question are among the inclusion criteria. Ten articles were extracted that were relevant to the research question. Results: Poor socioeconomic status, urban areas, the influence of neighborhood, greenness, and air pollution had associations with mental health status among T2DM patients. Conclusion: The possible implications of these factors for mental health demand further research and policy consideration. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30370 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30370/8334

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2163 2164 Vjeroslava Slavic Institute for Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology “Dr Simo Milosevic”, Igalo, Montenegro Danijela Randjelovic Institute for Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology “Dr Simo Milosevic”, Igalo, Montenegro Dragana Vucic Institute for Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology “Dr Simo Milosevic”, Igalo, Montenegro Gordana Rajovic Spa and Wellness Center, Chenot Espace, One&Only Portonovi, Herceg Novi, Montenegro Sanja Markovic Institute for Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology “Dr Simo Milosevic”, Igalo, Montenegro 2023 12 06 2023 12 06 No Abstract. No Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33940 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33940/8356

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2049 2058 Junfeng Zhang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China Weiyi Gong Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China Xinle Wang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China Longbo Yang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China 2023 09 21 2024 09 03 Background: Long non-coding RN (lncRNAs) have been implicated in lung cancer, but the mechanisms stay unclear. We investigated the theatrical role and mechanism of lncRNA Lung cancer associated transcript 1 LUCAT1 in the malignant progress of lung cancer. Methods: From May 2022 to March 2023, a total of thirty normal and cancerous tissues were collected from patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer at Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital in Anhui Province, China. The human SPC-A1 and A549 cell lines were chosen as the subjects for the relevant cellular experiments in this study. LncRNAs were expressed in a different manner identified by bioinformatics methods, and the expression levels in lung cancer tissues as well as cells were verified by the qRT-PCR assay. The biological role of LUCAT1 in NSCLC was determined by CCK-8, EdU, and transwell assay. Results: The regulation of ubiquitin of P53 by LUCAT1 was studied, which showed that LUCAT1 was significantly elevated in NSCLC cell lines and patients’ tissues (P<0.05). High levels of LUCAT1 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells. Mechanism studies showed that LUCAT1 was mainly located in the nucleus, which bound to P53 and mediated the ubiquitinated degradation of P53. Meanwhile, LUCAT1 knockdown attenuated the ubiquitination process of P53. In addition, rescue experiments illustrated that LUCAT1 induced the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells, and played a key role in the survival and tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells by mediating the ubiquitination of P53. Conclusion: Collectively, LUCAT1 activated the malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells via regulating P53 ubiquitination, which provided a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33259 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33259/8344

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1935 1950 EN Yang He 1. Department of Urology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China 2. Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Abai Xu Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Li Xiao Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China Ying Yang Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Boping Li Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Zhe Liu Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Peng Rao Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yicheng Wang Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Li Ruan Department of Urology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Tao Zhang Department of Urology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China 2023 07 29 2024 02 05 Background: Phosphorus metabolism might be associated with tumor initiation and progression. We aimed to screen out the phosphorus metabolism genes related to bladder cancer and construct a clinical prognosis model. Methods: The dataset used for the analysis was obtained from TCGA database. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were subsequently applied to differentially expressed genes. Consensus clustering was utilized, and different clusters of the tumor immune microenvironment and other features were compared. The phosphorus metabolism-related genes involved in prognosis were screened out by univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a nomogram was constructed. The performance of the nomogram was validated using TCGA dataset and the GEO dataset, respectively. Results: Overall, 405 phosphorus metabolism-related differentially expressed genes from TCGA database were identified, which were associated with phosphorylation, cell proliferation, leukocyte activation, and signaling pathways. Two clusters were obtained by consistent clustering. After tumor immune microenvironment analysis, significant differences in immune cell infiltration between cluster 1 and cluster 2 were found. Four phosphorus metabolism-related genes (LIME1, LRP8, SPDYA, and MST1R) were associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA) patients. We built a prognostic model and visualized the model as a nomogram. Calibration curves demonstrated the performance of this nomogram, in agreement with that shown by the ROC curves. Conclusion: We successfully identified four phosphorus metabolism-related genes associated with prognosis, providing potential targets for biomarkers and therapeutics. A nomogram based on these genes was developed. Nevertheless, this study is based on bioinformatics, and experimental validation remains essential. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32707 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32707/8335

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2165 2166 Dong-Il Kim 1. Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Sports Functional Disability Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2024 07 03 2024 09 01 No Abstract. No Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35961 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35961/8357

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2059 2068 Eun Jung Lee Department of Social Welfare, School of Social Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Jee Young Kwak Department of Social Welfare, Korea Soongsil Cyber University, Seoul, Korea Hye Jin Kim Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 2023 03 10 2023 11 07 Background: As a health vulnerable group, people with disabilities require more health-promoting behavior than non-disabled people. We aimed to identify the types of health behavior of disabled people and to track the trajectories of stress by the type of health behaviors. Methods: Data came from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled Second Wave by the Employment Development Institute (EDI) in Korea. We used dataset from the first 6 years of the 2nd wave of PSEDSW (2016-2021). The current study analyzed 3,991 subjects. The types of health behavior were identified through latent class analysis (LCA) and the trajectories of stress were estimated through multi-group latent growth modeling using Mplus 8.0. Results: Two types of groups in health behaviors, smoking-drinking group (SD), nonsmoking-less drinking group (NLSD) were derived. Depending on the types of health behavior, the trajectories of stress appeared significantly different: the NLSD had significantly lower stress than the SD in the first year, and this low-level stress trajectory was maintained continuously for 6 years. Conclusion: Health behaviors could be suitable as a stress coping method for people with disabilities. This study suggests that it is necessary to make efforts to create an environment that supports people with disabilities to learn healthier ways to cope with stress. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31437 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31437/8345

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1951 1963 Haisheng Luo Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baisha Li Autonomous County People's Hospital, Baisha, 572800, Hainan, China Chunying Jing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China Hongbo Liu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China 2024 04 16 2024 06 27 Background: We aimed to examine how electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture affect treatment results, pain levels, and joint function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Research was carried out in various databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and CNKI. Following the "Cochrane manual", the risk of bias of included RCTs was assessed. A funnel plot was utilized to evaluate any potential bias in the publications. The impact size was indicated by the average discrepancy along with its 95% confidence interval. Results: The EA group showed a higher effectiveness rate (P = 0.001) and a lower WOMAC pain score (P < 0.00001) compared to the control group. The EA group had a lower WOMAC pain score compared to the SA/exercise group and the group that received manual acupuncture. The WOMAC pain score was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the manual acupuncture group under intense electroacupuncture stimulation (P < 0.0001). The WOMAC pain score was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the manual acupuncture group when weak current acupuncture was applied (P = 0.0001). However, no significant difference in WOMAC function score between EA and control group. Conclusion: Comparison to manual acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and exercise training, electroacupuncture enhanced the effectiveness of treating KOA and decreased the WOMAC pain score in patients with KOA. The level of pain relief achieved may be linked to the strength of the current stimulation. However, electroacupuncture had no significant effect on WOMAC function score. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35185 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35185/8336

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2069 2078 EN Izzet Ulker Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey Nihal Gordes Aydogdu Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey 2023 10 11 2024 04 04 Background: Dietary habits are influenced by environmental factors. Among these environmental factors are the place of residence, cultural characteristics, food accessibility, and economic status, which can all contribute to changes in the dietary pattern. Migration is another factor that can influence changes in the aspects mentioned above. We aimed to assess the dietary habits of individuals who have migrated from Turkey to Germany in comparison to those living in Turkey. Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 254 individuals were enrolled with 102 individuals in Germany and 152 individuals in Turkey between April 2022 and July 2023. The data collection tools included Socio-demographic Characteristics Forms, Dietary Habits and Health Status Forms, and Food Consumption Frequency Forms. The data was collected online via Google Forms. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the consumption frequency of processed meats, meat and poultry, sweetened beverages, sugar, desserts and pastries, vegetables, fruits, eggs and grains, olive oil, sunflower oil, hazelnut oil, grains, dairy products, coffee, starch, and carbonated beverages between the two groups (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were not found in terms of butter and tea consumption frequency. Conclusion: Overall, the study results have revealed significant differences in dietary habits between Turks living in Germany and those living in Turkey. The most noteworthy dimension of these differences is that individuals living in Turkey exhibit a stronger adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, while those living in Germany tend to follow a Western dietary pattern. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33436 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33436/8346

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1964 1975 Shiva Khaleghparast Cardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Maleki Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereidoun Noohi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yasaman Khalili Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yeganeh Pasebani Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farnaz Rafiee Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh Farrokhzadeh Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sajjad Biglari Maastricht University Medical Center MUMC+, Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht, The Nederland Saeideh Mazloomzadeh Cardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 10 13 2024 06 01 Background: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disrupted health systems and put a huge strain on hospitals and healthcare workers. Prioritizing COVID-19 patients in hospitals caused irreversible harm to cardiac patients. Although multiple studies have shown that ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients have worse admission circumstances than before the pandemic, the hospital outcomes of these patients have remained limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined STEMI patient outcomes during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: We conducted systematic searches of MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase through Jan 10, 2021. All studies with reporting in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and door-to-balloon time with over twenty participants were included. Articles without clear definitions or results were excluded. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. The outcomes of interest were door-to-balloon time, death, and hospital stay during COVID-19 pandemic compared prior. Results: Our meta-analysis included 12 studies and 21170 people (115-6609). The pooled analysis showed significantly more pandemic mortality (OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.07-1.43). Ten studies (13,091) recorded door-to-balloon times. Door-to-balloon time (in minutes) significantly increased during the pandemic (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]= 0.46; 95% CI: 0.03-0.89). The length of hospital stay was reported by five studies (n=9448). Length of hospital stay (in days) was not significantly longer during the pandemic than before the outbreak (SMD= 0.04; 95% CI: -0.19-0.26). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased mortality and door-to-balloon delay that might be attributable to the strict infection control measures in outbreak. Studies with a longer follow-up time are needed to investigate the outcomes of STEMI patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33475 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33475/8337

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2079 2089 Wuzhen Dong Department of Proctology, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China Wen Lin Department of Nursing, Ziyang College of Dental Technology, Ziyang, Sichuan, China Chong Li Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Shuanghu Branch Road No. 1, Yubei District, Chongqing, China 2023 10 12 2024 04 04 Background: We aimed to explore the role of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway in the radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance as well as cell stemness in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs and signal pathways closely related to differentially expressed mRNAs have also been analyzed in March 2022 at the Jinhua Central Hospital, China. Then, the expression of CXCL12 was detected by qRT-PCR in colorectal cancer cells and testing the effects of transfecting CXCL12 into different CRC-derived cell lines. The effects of CXCL12 on cell proliferation were evaluated by chemosensitivity assay and radiation sensitivity assay. Results: Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs found a total of 2429 differentially expressed genes, THBS3 and CXCL12 genes are two abnormally highly expressed genes in the CRC. KEGG analysis showed the correlative signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, which is related to cell stemness. Furthermore, the expression of CXCL12 in CRC cells was detected and an increasing trend was obtained in CRC cells. In addition, the chemosensitivity and radiotherapy tolerance were elevated after transfected with CXCL12. Conclusion: CXCL12 could be a potential promote biomarkers in CRC and also promote the chemosensitivity and radiotherapy tolerance. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33462 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33462/8347

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1976 1991 Fatemeh Ebrahimi Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Samaneh Torkian Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elahe Zare-Farashbandi Clinical Informationist Research Group, Health Information Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Babak Tamizifar Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2023 06 23 2024 02 02 Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who cease anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy are at risk of relapse, which is a matter of concern for the medical community. This study aimed to determine the relapse rate of IBD in patients who cease anti- TNF therapy. Methods: A systematic search of international databases (Medline, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EMBASE) was conducted until Mar 9th, 2022. The random effects model was used to calculate the IBD relapse rate, accomplusions in the retained literature and elaborated from two aspects: Psychological intervention and Rehabilitation Nursing. Psychological intervention can be carried out from the following aspects: cognitive behavior intervention, psychological and emotional intervention, social support intervention. Perioperative rehabilitation can be carried out from the following aspects: postoperative nausea and vomiting management, prevention of postoperative infection, visual care, preventing recurrent strabismus post-surgery, avoiding diplopia. Conclusion: Comprehensive perioperative care for patients with strabismus can alleviate negative emotions, improve psychological status, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and enhance patients' quality of life. However, further research is still needed to establish detailed intervention strategies for comprehensive care. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35515 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35515/8569

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1272 1281 Seyed Abbas Motevalian Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 05 2024 12 15 Background: Considering the high importance of the problem of obesity and its related factors, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between personality traits and body mass index (BMI) in the participants of the employees’ health cohort study of Iran (EHCSIR) using generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM). Methods: A secondary analysis with cross-sectional approach was conducted on the existing data using multilevel GSEM. The primary data of the cohort was collected from July 2017, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Personality traits were exposure, physical activity was the mediator, and BMI was the outcome. Sex was the stratifying variable. Then, pathways with the largest P values were removed one by one using backward stepwise approach. Results: The data of a total of 3554 participants of EHCSIR were used. Sex was subjected for grouping the analysis. In males, extroversion (EX) was the only personality trait associated with both physical activity and BMI. In the direct pathway, EX was positively associated with BMI. In the indirect pathway, EX was negatively associated with BMI (P <0.1). The total effect was positive. In females, physical activity was not associated with BMI, and therefore, no indirect pathway was formed from personality traits to BMI (P >0.1). Conclusion: The role of personality traits in obesity was more dominant in females, while in males, physical activity had a role in obesity. The hypothesized mediation pathway of the study title was not approved in females, and in males, was approved only for EX personality trait. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36272 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36272/8579

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1179 1192 Pavan Narapaka Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Manisha Singh Department of Medical Oncology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India Sarasa Meenakshi Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Jaseena C V Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Manasa Goudicharla Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Krishna Murti Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India Sameer Dhingra Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Dist. Vaishali, Bihar, India 2024 08 28 2024 12 14 Background: This study aimed to provide comprehensive information on translated versions of the 9-item shared decision-making questionnaire, widely used to measure patient involvement in shared decision-making, by combining psychometric validation information. Methods: We searched various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, along with developer website to gather pertinent literature published until Feb, 2024. This psychometric validation carried out based on item characteristics, content validity, and factor analysis results of individual studies. Our evaluation was based on predetermined cut-off values for item difficulty, discrimination index, Cronbach's alpha, Kaiser Meyer Olkin factor (KMO), Bartlett's test of sphericity, and factor extraction and rotation, confirmatory factor analysis range. The European Social Research Council guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews was employed for synthesis of validation results. Results: The final analysis included nine studies with 3090 participants from various countries, and most participants had adequate literacy, and age range was 30-60 yr. Most model versions had a good fit, and all studies reported satisfactory results, except for one study's discrimination index values. The tool's validity was satisfactory. Most of the studies reported a convenient sample was the main limitation, along with recall bias in the final responses. Conclusion: The 9-item shared decision-making tool can be used to measure patient involvement in shared decision-making in validated language-respected countries, as proper evaluation procedures reported satisfactory results in the confirmatory analysis models and reliability testing.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36488 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36488/8570

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1282 1290 Marzie Salandari Rabori Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Aghdas Souresrafil Department of Health Services and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mohsen Rezaeian 1. Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Hasan Ahmadinia 1. Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Roya Bahrami Department of Psychology, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mahdie Sadat Hosseini Educator of Midwifery Department, School of Nursing Midwifery Health, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Maryam Hasanshahi Nurse Emergency Department, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital,Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Azam Bagherizade Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2024 05 12 2025 06 02 Background: Suicide is an intentional act that results in the death of a person. Clinical researchers show that a new era has begun in understanding suicide pathophysiology. Our study assessed serum minerals (Fe, Mg) and vitamins (D, B12) to see if they are related to suicide attempts. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Ali-ebn-Abi Taleb Hospital, Rafsanjan City Central District, Kerman Province, Iran in 2022. Prior to measuring the quantity of essential minerals and vitamins in the blood, the degree of depression was assessed using the Beck depression severity scale. Chi-square, Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann Whitney U test were performed to ascertain the existence of an association between these substances within the body and suicide attempts. Results: Thirty-two attempted suicides (24 women and 8 men, mean age 14-46 yr) were included in this study. The mean and standard deviation of depression scores for 32 candidates was 16.43 ± 26.74. Moreover, our results show nearly 46.7% (50% women and 37.5% men) of participants suffer from vitamin D deficiency and 6.7% from Mg deficiency, half of them have also severe depression. Conclusion: One of the reasons for the cause of depression and suicide attempt could be the status of minerals and vitamins in the body. Therefore, it is likely that a suitable diet and checking blood factors might help to reduce suicide attempts in a society. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35486 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35486/8580

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1193 1203 Yan Gao Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China Limin Peng Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Hei-longjiang Province, China Chengkun Yuan Department of Obstetrical, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chines Medicine, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China Shanshan Zhang Department of Obstetrical, Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China 2024 12 14 2025 01 25 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for recurrent miscarriage (RMC) using meta-analysis. Methods: Literature from Jan 1990 to Feb 2024 was searched in PubMed, etc., using keywords such as “IVIG”, “repetitive miscarriage”, and “RMC”. Two authors independently assessed the literature quality and risk of via Cochrane handbook, and extracted basic information and outcome indicator data. Meta-analysis was performed employing Review Manager 5.3. Results: Eleven studies were involved, comprising 842 patients, of which 391 received IVIG therapy and 451 received placebo treatment. Relative to placebo group, IVIG group had a notably higher overall live birth rate (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.68~2.98, Z=5.51, P<0.00001) and a greatly lower miscarriage rate (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.22~0.95, Z=2.09, P=0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that both primary and secondary RMC patients in IVIG group had markedly higher live birth rates versus placebo group (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.18~3.83, Z=2.51, P=0.01; OR=1.50, 95% CI=0.98~2.30, Z=1.96, P=0.04). Nevertheless, the adverse reaction (AR) rate in IVIG group was superior to that in placebo group (OR=4.47, 95% CI=1.01~19.81, Z=1.97, P=0.05). Conclusion: IVIG can markedly increase the live birth rate, reduce the miscarriage rate, and enhance pregnancy outcomes in patients with RMC. Nevertheless, the rate of ARs with IVIG therapy is relatively high, thus large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are needed for validation.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/37527 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/37527/8571

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1291 1299 Zainab Mhmood Abdulhasan Department of Health Care Management, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ghobad Moradi 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2. Center for Comonoidal Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Hayedeh Hoorsan Department of Nursing-Midwifery, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Yousef Moradi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2024 10 09 2025 01 14 Background: Catastrophic health expenditures can lead to severe household financial burdens, exacerbating poverty and limiting access to necessary health services. This study examined the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures among households in six provinces of Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, gathering data from 2,400 households in Baghdad, Wasit, Karbala, An-Najaf, Babil, and Maysan in 2023. A two-stage cluster sampling method was utilized, selecting 400 households from each province. Data were collected using WHO "World Health Survey" questionnaire, focusing on health expenditures and household income. Catastrophic health expenditures as defined as out-of-pocket costs exceeding 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression with calculating adjusted odds ratio, were performed using STATA14 software. Results: Overall, 246 households (12.6%) faced Catastrophic health expenditures, with a higher prevalence among female heads of households (13.1%) compared to males (12.6%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that households with 4 to 6 members had 1.52 times higher odds of facing catastrophic health expenditures (AOR=1.52, CI: 1.06 to 2.20). Furthermore, the poorest households had an AOR of 95.28 for experiencing catastrophic health expenditures (OR=95.28, CI: 13.12 to 691.49). Conclusion: This study underscores the urgent need for tailored policies to reduce the impact of CHE on Iraqi households. By improving access to healthcare and promoting equitable health insurance enrollment, policymakers can alleviate financial strain and support the health and well-being of vulnerable communities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36867 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36867/8581

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1204 1215 Arghavan Madani Student Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra Esfandiari Department of Food Science and Technology, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Yadolah Fakhri Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciencethods: The retrospective data were analyzed using modern methods of biomedical statistics. We used the Electronic Register of Dispensary Patients (2015-2020), where we conducted a retrospective study and trend calculations. The study included patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (according to the International Classifier of Diseases-10, the following nosologies were identified: I25 chronic coronary heart disease and its nosological forms (I25.0-I25.9), and patients by age categories, consisting of dispensary registration in polyclinics of the northern region of the RK. Results: For 2015 - 2020 in the northern region (urban and rural) of RK, 12,315 patients were registered, who were on dispensary records for the chronic CVD. This amounted to 87.3% of urban residents, and 12.7% of rural residents. The share of patients with chronic CVD in the northern region of the republic by age groups had a bimodal growth pattern with the first peak at the age of 60-74 (40.4%) and the second - at the age of 45-59 (37.7%). Conclusion: This study notes an increase in chronic CVD, both in urban and rural areas of the northern region of the RK. This once again proves the need for the development, implementation and use of modern tools in the provision of medical services to cardiological patients at the outpatient level, taking into account the characteristics of the northern regions of our country. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30270 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30270/8168

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 433 442 Mohammad-Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Amirsina Alemzadeh Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Abbaszadeh Marzbali Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sadaf Nasserisina Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Hosnan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ameneh Naghghash Thalassemia Department, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Amir Ali Hamidieh Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Behfar Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba Mohseni Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hoda Rashidian Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Shirazi Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Aboee-Rad Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Qorbani Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran Bagher Larijani Thalassemia Department, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Zohreh Hamidi Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 06 2023 03 29 Background: Beta-thalassemia major patients frequently have endocrinopathies. We tried to determine relation between demographic and transfusion factor and endocrinopathies. Methods: Major beta-thalassemia patients (n=114 cases), 3–38 yr of age, entered this study. Female to male ratio was 51/63. Children (less than 20 yr) formed 57% of participants. Information about bone mineral density (BMD) and hormonal and biochemistry blood evaluation including fasting blood sugar (FBS), ferritin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (males), and estradiol (females) entered data sheet. Results: Sex and ferritin level showed no significant correlation with above disorders. Age significantly correlated to short stature, diabetes, low BMD at femur and neck (P, 0.031, 0.008, 0.009 and <0.001, respectively). The risk of short stature had increased in 12 yr and older patients 7.71 times than younger patients (P= 0.008). The risk of diabetes had increased in 35 yr and older patients 26.25 times than younger patients (P= 0.03).  The risk of Z-score ≤ -2 in femoral region has increased in 19 yr and older patients 5.84 times than younger patients (P= 0.002). The risk of Z-score ≤ -2 in spinal region has increased in 14 yr and older patients 17 times than younger patients (P= 0.007). Conclusion: The main factor related with endocrinopathies was age. The correlation between age and short stature, diabetes and low BMD was positive. Therefore, we recommend early monitoring of thalassemia patients (in their late childhood and early teenage) for these complications.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30593 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30593/8169

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 443 452 EN Morvarid Zarif-Yeganeh Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahboobeh Khabaz Mafinejad Health Professions Education Research Center, Education Development Center, Department of Medical Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niayesh Mohebbi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Muhammad Kiani Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eisa Rezaei Department of Educational Technology in Medical Sciences, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sholeh Ebrahimpour Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Soha Namazi 1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 11 13 2022 12 21 Background: Applying modern educational methods for digital native students seems necessary. Active learning strategies promote students’ skills and knowledge. This study was conducted to design and evaluate active learning methods by teaching psychopharmacotherapy to pharmacy students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with three randomized study groups (control, game, and multimedia), using a pre-and post-test design, conducted on 155 students of 5-year pharmacy in 2022 at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Overall, 18 clinical cases were designed for the basic structure of interventions. After teaching psychopharmacotherapy contents through lecturing, the pre-test was held. The next steps were playing the educational game, studying the multimedia case-based learning files, and then completing questionnaires, respectively. Then, a post-test was held. Results: 65.33% of participants were female and 34.66% were male. The pre-test and post-test scores comparison showed no difference in control group (P=0.409). However, in the serious game and multimedia groups, the average score of pre-test and post-test had a statistically significant difference (P<0.001, P=0.002 respectively), this difference was higher in the serious game group. Questionnaire evaluation showed substantial differences between game and multimedia groups. Conclusion: The educational interventions were able to improve student's knowledge and skills so they can better help patients and promote public health. In the sections of Confidence, Social Interactions, Fun, Focused attention, Learnability, Relevance, and Perceived Learning, the serious game far outweighed the multimedia case-based learning. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30373 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30373/8170

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 453 461 Hossein Naddafnia Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Noormohammadi Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shiva Irani Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iman Salahshoorifar Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 18 2023 01 22 v https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28797 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28797/8171

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 462 471 Khadijeh Fanaei Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Fereshteh Ameli Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iman Salahshourifar Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shiva Irani Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch,