Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1736 1745 In Sun Kim Department of Nursing, Hanyeong University, Yeosu-si, Republic of Korea Hee Jeong Yoon College of Liberal Arts, Chungwoon University, Hongseong-gun, Republic of Korea Yeon Ran Hong Department of Nursing, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si, Republic of Korea 2024 06 14 2024 08 06 Background: This descriptive survey study aimed to investigate the effects of emotional labor, work–life balance, and empowerment on nurses’ professional quality of life (ProQOL) and provide foundational data for improving the ProQOL of Korean nurses. Methods: Nurses who had been working for at least six months in hospitals in Yeosu, Suncheon, and Gwangyang, the Republic of Korea, were surveyed in April 2022. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected on general characteristics, emotional labor, work–life balance, empowerment, and ProQOL. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, independent t-tests, analyses of variance, post-hoc tests, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: ProQOL was negatively correlated with emotional labor (r=-0.550, P<0.001) and positively correlated with work–life balance (r=0.680, P<0.001) and empowerment (r=0.454, P<0.001). Emotional labor (β=-0.27, P<0.001), work–life balance (β=0.44, P<0.001), and empowerment (β=0.28, P<0.001) were identified as the predictors of ProQOL, such that reduced emotional labor and increased work–life balance and empowerment enhanced ProQOL. These factors explained 62.1% of the variance in the ProQOL of Korean nurses (F=42.86, P<0.001). Conclusion: To enhance the ProQOL of Korean nurses, it is vital to help them adjust their work–life balance, decrease their emotional labor, and increase their empowerment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35816 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35816/8308

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1695 1708 Mingtao Ding Department of Health Management Centre, Jinan Central Hospital, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, 250013, China Lei Liu Department of Internal Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, 250013, China 2023 09 25 2024 01 08 Background: Low protein diet plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, exact role is unclear so far. We aimed to find out the effect of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout the research project until 10th Apr 2023. MeSH phrases and Boolean operators were used to search PubMed for suitable studies. The entire estimate was expressed as a 95% confidence interval around the mean difference. The model was picked because of the discrepancies found in the research. Choi's Q test and I2 statistics were used to determine the degree of variation between experiments. The funnel plot was used to qualitatively examine the publishing bias. Results: Low-protein diets have a greater impact on waist circumference [-8.82 (-9.51, -8.13), P<0000.1] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [-0.05 (-0.07, -0.03), P<0000.1] alteration than non-LPD diets, as measured by the standard mean difference (SMD). Further, significant changes were observed in weight loss [1.51 (1.25, 1.77), P<0.00001], BMI, [0.46 (0.25, 0.67), P<0.0001], change systolic [2.48 (1.20, 3.77), P=0.0002] and diastolic blood pressure [1.49 (0.72, 2.26), P=0.0002], low density lipoprotein [0.09 (0.06, 0.12), P<0.00001], triglyceride [0.52 (0.49, 0.55), P<0.00001], in non-LPD group as compared to LPD group. Conclusion: The results indicated the role of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33291 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33291/8305

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1903 1904 Eunha Jin Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, South Korea Aeri Jang Department of Nursing, Mokpo, National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea 2024 01 18 2024 08 06 No Abstract. No Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33559 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33559/8329

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1898 1902 Ainura Manasovna Satarkulova Department of Fundamental Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Kanykei Sadyrbekovna Keneshova Department of Fundamental Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Shadiya Yusupdjanovna Aisaeva Integrated Research Center, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Asel Abdumomunovna Usenova Department of Special Surgical Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Shirin Syrgakovna Bakirova Department of Fundamental Disciplines, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic 2024 08 06 2024 08 06 Background: We aimed to evaluate the functional state of the population of the midlands and highlands of Alai region (Kyrgyzstan) on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and adaptation potential (AP). The characteris- tic of people with overweight and underweight are presented. A clean dependence of AP on BMI was revealed. Methods: In Alai region (Kyrgyzstan), 285 citizens of Gulcha village (1.540 m above sea level) and 312 citizens of Sary-Tash village (3.200 m above sea level) were examined in July-August 2023. Blood pressure (BP) was generally measured at rest in the seated position. The BMI and AP were calculated. Results: In the midlands and highlands BP correspond to the physiological norm. The AP scores in the mid- lands region for men was 2.32 points, for women - 2.38 points, but in highlands areas these values were slightly higher: for men – 2.52 points, for women – 2.42 points. The total BMI values for men in the midlands and highlands were 23.39 and 23.24 kg/m2 respectively, for women in the midlands this indicator became higher than normal (26.53 kg/m2), but in the highlands it corresponded to the norm (24.78 kg/m2). Conclusion: It is necessary to determine the value of AP, BMI and type of self-regulation of blood circulation when assessing the functional state of residents living in mountain areas. In the highlands overweight, which is one of the significant risk factors for health disorders, with tension of regulatory mechanisms can become a trigger for the development of cardiovascular diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36294 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36294/8328

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1746 1753 Zeynep Ayaydın Department of Medical Microbiology, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences Universi-ty, Diyarbakır, Turkey Ayşe Batgi Azarkan Department of Medical Microbiology, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences Universi-ty, Diyarbakır, Turkey Özge Alkan Bilik Department of Medical Microbiology, Selahaddin Eyyubi State Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey Ali Cem Tekin Department of Medical Microbiology, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences Universi-ty, Diyarbakır, Turkey 2023 06 06 2023 12 10 - https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32215 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32215/8309

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1709 1721 Mohammad Alam 1. Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2. Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India 3. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Haifa Almutairi College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Rowida Barayan Ministry of Health, Badanah Primary Healthcare, Badanah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Huda Abutayyem Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates Haytham Alswairki School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia Ahmed Alfawzan Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mohammad Hajeer Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus, Syria Ahmed Albalawi College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Khalid Hussain Ali Alruwaili Alruwaili College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Rakhi Issrani 1. Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2. Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India Namdeo Prabhu Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2023 05 08 2023 12 19 Background: We aimed to review studies that evaluated the effect of cigarette smoking on orthodontic treatment methods and determine whether the smoke affected appliances in a way that could impair the effectiveness of the overall treatment strategy. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were scoured using pertinent keywords, reference searches, and citation searches in accordance with the PRISMA protocol regarding articles published from 2008 till 2022. Results: Ultimately, 7 papers were chosen for further analysis at the end of the selection protocol. Overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for the impact of cigarette smoking on orthodontic treatment was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.43), with high statistical significance (P<0.00001) but also high heterogeneity (I² = 81%). The relative risk (RR) was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.66), indicating a 50% greater risk of noticeable impact, with high statistical significance (P<0.00001) and high heterogeneity (I² = 79%), and the risk difference (RD), which was -0.33 (95% CI: -0.45, -0.21), suggesting a 33% higher risk of noticeable impact, with high statistical significance (P<0.00001) and high heterogeneity (I² = 81%). The high heterogeneity in all measures indicates significant variability in the results across the included studies. Conclusion: All the 7 studies selected for our systematic review exhibited significant detrimental associations between smoking and orthodontic appliances and other modalities that were exposed to cigarette smoke. However, more studies need to be done in this regard, since the literature currently available on this relationship is quite poor and lacking in concrete evidence. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31954 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31954/8306

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1905 1906 Zohreh Rahaei Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Saeide Rastjoo Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2023 09 08 2023 12 10 No Abstract. No Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33174 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33174/8330

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1754 1768 Zhengming Huang Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China Long Yu Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China Weisong Chen Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China Dan Zhu Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China Hui Chen Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 2023 10 04 atotypes of the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients, statistically significant differences were found in the FACIT scores of the mesomorph endomorphs, the IPAQ and FACIT scores of the endomorphic mesomorphs, and the TSK and FACIT scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs (P<0.05). Conclusion: In all three somatotypes of the OSAS patients, the fatigue index scores were higher when compared to those of the healthy individuals. Moreover, when compared with the healthy individuals, the physical activity levels of the endomorphic mesomorphs with OSAS were low, while the kinesiophobia scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs with OSAS were high. Based on the results of this study, in OSAS patients, the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for reduced physical activity, while the mesomorphic endomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for increased kinesiophobia. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16049/7219

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 879 887 Mohammadreza Firouzkouhi Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mayumi Kako School of Medicine Graduate, School of Medical, Hiroshima, Japan Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Abbas Balouchi Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jebraeil Farzi Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran 2020 10 28 2021 01 13 Background: Nurses have a continuous presence and crucial role in response to disasters. During disasters, nurses apply specific knowledge and skills to minimize victims’ health and life-threatening risks. Nurses’ roles in crisis are not clearly stated in resources. Thus, this study aimed to explore nurses’ role in the nursing disaster model. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute framework. The review considered primary research and reviewed literature from following databases, including Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of articles identified for full-text review. Eligibility criteria were outlined as a priori to guide the literature selection. Results: Eight of 60 eligible articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in different countries with no limit of time of published articles. The publications’ design were three systematic reviews, one meta-synthesis, two qualitative types of research, one quasi-experimental, and one case study. The results showed nurses’ roles in the three stages before, during, and after the crisis. Conclusion: This review provided a comprehensive understanding of the concept of the nursing role in the crisis, and nurses could be useful to save victims through preparing and implementing effective care at different stages of a crisis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22674 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22674/7215

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1070 1071 Aamir Hussain Department of Health, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan 2019 01 22 2019 02 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16006 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16006/7237

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 927 937 Zhiyong Cao Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Han Wang Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Xiangyang Zhu Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China 2020 10 27 2020 11 26 Background: Serum miR-497 can be used as a predictive index of the early diagnosis and poor prognosis of atherosclerosis cerebral infarction (ATCI). Methods: Overall, 135 ATCI patients, treated in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China from Apr 2012 to Jan 2015, were included in ATCI group. Whereas, 77 patients with non-atherosclerosis cerebral infarction were put in the control group. RT-qPCR was performed for detecting serum miR-497 expression, whose relationship with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate values of serum miR-497 for diagnosing ATCI patients and their 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates (OSRs). Cox regression analysis was conducted on prognostic factors of ATCI patients. Results: miR-497 remarkably rose in the serum of ATCI patients, and was correlated with histories of hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM). Its areas under curves (AUCs) for diagnosing these pathological parameters were 0.803, 0.817 and 0.819, respectively. Its expression was higher in the serum of the patients with recurrence and poor prognoses. Its AUCs for predicting the two conditions were 0.924 and 0.937, respectively. The 3- and 5-year OSRs of patients with low expression were remarkably higher than those of patients with high expression. Conclusion: miR-497 and histories of hypertension, smoking and DM were independent prognostic factors affecting the 3-year OSR of ATCI patients. miR-497 expression rises in ATCI patients, so this miR is expected to become a serum diagnostic marker for ATCI. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22661 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22661/7220

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 888 899 Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sajjad Pourasghary Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Maryam Shirizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sanaz Mousavi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Morteza Ghojazadeh Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Hossein Hoseinifard Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Fatemeh Salehnia Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Leila Nikniaz Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran 2020 08 04 2021 01 11 Background: Group B streptococcus or streptococcus Agalactia is a gram positive beta hemolytic bacteria which is the main factor in neonatal infections. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of GBS in world and clarifying the rate of this infection in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Methods: We performed a systematic search by using different databases including Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Psycho-Info ProQuest and Web of Science published up to Feb 2019. We undertook meta-analysis to obtain the pooled estimate of prevalence of GBS colonization in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Results: Among 3324 papers searched, we identified 245 full texts of prevalence of GBS in pregnancy; 131 were included in final analysis. The estimated mean prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 15.5% (CI:95% (14.2-17)) worldwide; which was 14% (CI:95% (11-16.8)) in Islamic and 16.3% (CI:95% (14.6-18.1)) in non-Islamic countries and was statistically significant. Moreover, with regards to sampling area, prevalence of GBS colonization was 11.1 in vagina and 18.1 in vagina-rectum. Conclusion: Frequent washing of perineum based on religious instructions in Islamic countries can diminish the rate of GBS colonization in pregnant women. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21698 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21698/7216

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1072 1073 EN Zoleykha Asgarlou Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Mohammad Arzanlou Department of Psychiatry, Deputy of Medicine, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Mohammad Mohseni Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 09 2019 03 17 - https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16198 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16198/7238

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 938 948 Dae-Jung Lee Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Korea 2021 02 13 2021 04 30 Background: Efforts have often been made to improve physical education (PE) classes in response to rapidly changing societies. We applied science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education to PE classes. The purpose was to examine the effect of STEAM-based PE lessons on self-directed learning abilities, a core competency of the 21st century, and on attitudes toward PE classes related to PE alienation and avoidance. Methods: To achieve this purpose, six out of eight classes at a middle school in Jeollabuk-do province, Republic of Korea were selected in 2019. The experimental and control groups, consisting of 87 and 88 students, respectively, were chosen from among 238 first-grade students by utilizing convenience sampling. The experimental group attended PE classes based on STEAM for 14 weeks, whereas the control group attended traditionally teacher-centered PE classes. We used a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The experimental group displayed significant differences in all the sub-factors of attitudes toward PE classes and all the sub-factors of self-directed learning abilities, compared to the control group (P<0.05). PE classes based on STEAM appear to have a positive effect on students' attitudes toward PE classes and their self-directed learning abilities. Conclusion: PE is struggling to solve students' alienation and avoidance problems, despite numerous efforts. Thus, discussions have been conducted on how the STEAM philosophy can be implemented in the field of PE. Results suggest that efforts to combine STEAM education and PE are needed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23865/7221

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1074 1076 Hossein Mahmoudvand Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Maryam Sepahvand Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Bahram Nasiri Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Mehrdad Khatami Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran Ebrahim Badparva Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2019 02 15 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16249 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16249/7239

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 949 958 EN Lifang Tang School of Media and Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China Jie Wang School of Media and Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China 2021 03 31 2021 04 30 Background: Mass communication is one of the most important ways in health communication. The emergence of new media has changed the way people acquire health information and then their health behaviors. However, few studies have been conducted about complicated relations between media use and health behaviors under new media conditions and further systematic explanation is needed. Methods: A hypothesis model for the influence of WeChat use on health behaviors was constructed to explore the internal influencing mechanism of new media use on health behaviors. An empirical analysis on the internal influencing mechanism of WeChat use on health behaviors was carried out with a survey data consist of 463 young active users on famous online social network sites in China from March to June 2019. Results: New media use represented by WeChat has significant positive influence on health behaviors. Individuals who frequently use new media related to health have better health conditions than those who rarely use them. The improvement of health behaviors is mainly attributed to acquisition of health knowledge. Such effect is also mediated by the degree of individuals’ trust in health knowledge. Conclusion: This study not only discloses the influencing mechanism of new media use and health knowledge on health behaviors, but also confirms the value of new media in promoting public health communication and public health behaviors. Conclusions provide significant references in decision-making to develop effective guidance of public health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24367 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24367/7222

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1077 1078 EN Mahdi Shahriari Hematology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Saeid Dehghankhalili Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Alireza Heiran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Babak Daneshfard Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 21 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16318 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16318/7240

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 959 969 Guangxin Zong Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China Xinrong Feng Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Jinan 250200, China Xiuhua Sun Property Management Section, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Jiexin Du Department of Neurology, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Guangsheng Wang Department of Neurology, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Tingting Song No 2 Department of Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, Qingdao 266042, China 2020 10 26 2020 11 26 Background: Laryngocarcinoma is the most frequent head and neck malignant tumor. MALAT1 have a role in promoting cell proliferation and metastasis in several tumors. This research aimed to investigate the great roles of MALAT1in laryngocarcinoma. Methods: Overall, 54 cases of laryngocarcinoma tissues pathological specimens and paracancerous tissues were collected by surgical resection from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, China from Jan 2012 to Oct 2015. The microRNA and protein levels of genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferative and invasive ability were calculated usingCCK8 and transwell assays. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the survival of laryngocarcinoma patients. Results: In laryngocarcinoma tissues and cells, lncRNA MALAT1 expression was significantly increased compared to normal tissues and cells. LncRNA MALAT1 promotes proliferation and migration of laryngocarcinoma cells. LncRNA MALAT1 upregulates HMGA1 expression by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-125b. Rescue experiments showed that microRNA-125b inhibitor reversed the change in cell viability and invasion induced by sh-MALAT1. Down regulation of lncRNA MALAT1 inhibits laryngocarcinoma proliferation and invasion by modulating miR-125b /HMGA1. Conclusion: LncRNA MALAT1 promotes the development of laryngocarcinoma by regulating the expression level of HMGA1 by acting as a miR-125b ceRNA and may be considered as a new strategy for the development of laryngocarcinoma. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22646 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22646/7223

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1079 1081 Hamid Bagheri Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azad Khaledi Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Med-ical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Ghader Ghanizadeh Health School, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davoud Esmaeili Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 21 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16308 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16308/7241

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 970 977 Biljana Bajic Health Promotion Center, Institute of Public Health Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Igor Galic Center for Control and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Institute for Public Health Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Natasa Mihailovic Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Svetlana Ristic Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Svetlana Radevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Violeta Iric Cupic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sanja Kocic 1. Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandra Arnaut Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2021 03 29 2021 04 30 Background: Comorbidities are major predictors of in-hospital mortality in stroke patients. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the Elikhauser comorbidity index (ECI) are scoring systems for classifying comorbidities. We aimed to compare the performance of the CCI and ECI to predict in-hospital mortality in stroke patients. Methods: We included patients hospitalized for stroke in the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia for the last 7 years. Hospitalizations caused by stroke, were identified by the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes I60.0 - I69.9. All patients were divided into two cohorts: Alive cohort (n=3297) and Mortality cohort (n=978). Results: There were significant associations between higher CCIS and increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12) and between higher ECIS and increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.99–1.09). Almost 2/3 patients (66.9%) had comorbidities included in the CCI score and 1/3 patients (30.2%) had comorbidities included in the ECI score. The statistically significant higher CCI score (t = -3.88, df = 1017.96, P <0.01) and ECI score (t = -6.7, df = 1447.32, P <0.01) was in the mortality cohort. Area Under the Curve for ECI score was 0.606 and for CCI score was 0.549. Conclusion: Both, the CCI and the ECI can be used as scoring systems for classifying comorbidities in the administrative databases, but the model’s ECI Score had a better discriminative performance of in-hospital mortality in the stroke patients than the CCI Score model. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24348 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24348/7224

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1082 1084 Lida Hosseini School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 26 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16372 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16372/7242

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 978 989 Milad Heidari Nia Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mahdieh Jafari Shahroudi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Ramin Saravani Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Saman Sargazi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mahdiyeh Moudi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Azizollah Mojahed Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2019 07 12 2019 11 03 Background: Schizophrenia (SZN) is a heterogeneous disorder. Recently, the role of purinergic receptor’s signaling in mental disorders has implicated. There is no evidence regarding the association of P2XR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of behavioral disorders. Therefore, this preliminary study, we determined the association of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G variants located in P2XR4 gene with the risk of SZN. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 150 SZN patient referring to Baharan Hospital, Zahedan (Eastern of Iran) in 2018. Genotyping was done by tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). Different databases were used to determine the effects of the SNPs on the secondary structure of P2XR4 pre-mRNA and protein as well as binding of transcriptional regulators. Results: The G allele of rs1169727 significantly increased the risk of SZN (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.02-1.93, P=0.039), but there was no significant association was found between the other SNP and SZN. Moreover, GG model of rs1169727 (OR=2.46, 95%CI= 1.32-4.62, P=0.004) and rs25644 (OR=3.45, 95%CI= 1.12-5.10, P=0.013) increased the risk of SZN. The substitution of A and G alleles of rs1169727 significantly altered the secondary structure of pre-mRNA (P=0.1). In silico analysis revealed that rs25644A/G could act as an intronic cryptic donor site. Screening for flanking sequence of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G predicted a novel enhancer and silencer for both SNPs. Conclusion: rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G are linked to SZN susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population. In-silico analysis indicated that rs25644 have substantial roles in determining the pre-mRNA and protein structure of P2XR4 gene. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17735 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17735/7225

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1085 1087 Saman Maroufizadeh Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Reza Omani-Samani Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproduc-tive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Hosseini Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 09 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16477 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16477/7243

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 990 998 EN Sevil Güner Department of Midwifery, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey Birsen Karaca Saydam Department of Midwifery, Ege University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 35100, İzmir, Turkey 2020 10 02 2021 03 06 Background: Anemia during infancy causes irreversible physical, cognitive, motor, and behavioral development disorders. This study aimed to determine the effect of delaying umbilical cord clamping time on certain parameters regarding anemia during the infancy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a university hospital in west of Turkey (Dec 2017-Dec 2018). Overall, 110 participants were evaluated for the research, 65 participants were randomized after excluding those who did not meet the inclusion criteria (intervention=32, control=33). Randomly assigned to delayed clamping (1 min after delivery) or early clamping (in 15 sec after delivery), and followed up until 4 months postpartum. 48th-hour hematocrit, bilirubin values, need for phototherapy and hematocrit, hemoglobin values, diagnosis of anemia at the postnatal fourth month were compared between two groups. The data showing normal distribution were assessed using the parametric tests. The level of statistical significance was determined as P<0.05. Results: The 48th-hour hematocrit and bilirubin levels of the intervention group were significantly higher than the control (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). No significant difference regarding the need for phototherapy due to postnatal hyperbilirubinemia was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Means of the intervention group hematocrit and hemoglobin levels measured during anemia screening performed at the fourth month were found to be higher than those of the infants in the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Delaying umbilical cord clamping had a positive impact on the haematological parameters of infants. Clamping the cord at least one minute in birth can be performed to prevent the iron deficit anemia that could be seen during the first years of infants’ lives. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22385/7226

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 999 1008 Jing Jia Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medi-cine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Fei Kong Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong, China Xueling Xin Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Jiwei Liang Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Hualei Xin Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Liyan Dong Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Fachun Jiang Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China 2019 07 15 2019 10 05 Background: In China, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks have become an important issue recent years. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD outbreaks in Qingdao during 2009-2018, and provided evidences for prevention and control of the disease. Methods: Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, and throat swabs were detected for enterovirus RNA using RT-PCR. Results: Overall, 116 HFMD outbreaks were reported in Qingdao during 2009-2018, with the epidemic of the outbreaks exhibiting a decreasing tendency. The characteristics of outbreaks presented two patterns, including two-peak pattern and rural area to urban-rural fringe area to urban areas pattern. Male patients were predominant in these outbreaks. The location of the outbreaks changed from nursery to community. Non-EV71/CA16 enteroviruses were gradually becoming predominant enteroviruses serotypes. The durations of outbreaks were positively correlated with response times and the number of cases. Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics analysis of HFMD outbreaks could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control the disease. Reporting and handling promptly are the keys to control epidemic outbreaks of HFMD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17768 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17768/7227

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1009 1016 Ronak Bakhtiari Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Javadi Department of Medical Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran Malihe Aminzadeh Department of Education Office, Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Shaffaghat Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 13 2020 10 14 Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infection in human. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of genes involved in biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolated from patients and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Methods: Biochemical tests were used for the identification of K. pneumonia isolated from urine samples referred to hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from Sep 2018 to Jan 2020. The antibiotic resistance pattern was performed and biofilm formation was assessed phenotypically. Finally, β-lactamase genes and adhesion genes were detected by the PCR method. Results: We collected 457 K. pneumoniae isolates from hospitals in Tehran, Iran. 110 isolates were resistant to ‎imipenem. Fifty isolates were positive for metallo-β-lactamases that thirty-nine isolates (35.45%) has blaKPC gene, 18 isolates (16.36%) had blaVIM-‎‎1 gene and 9 isolates (8.18%) had blaIMP-1 gene‎ detected by PCR. Sixty isolates (54.54%) had strong biofilm, 35 isolates (31.81%) had moderate ‎biofilm and 15 isolates (13.63%) had weak biofilm. ‎ The presence of adhesion genes in K. pneumoniae isolates significantly ‎correlated with resistance genes (P<0.001). Conclusion: It is clear antibacterial resistance has been significant association with biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, understanding resistance pattern and mechanisms leading to biofilm formation can facilitate efficient treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19438 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19438/7228

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1017 1027 Majid Safaei Lari Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Emamgholipour Sefiddashti Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 15 2019 10 13 Background: Mental disorders and problems put a heavy burden on communities. Since resources allocated to the mental health systems are finite, it seems necessary to assess the efficiency of mental health systems. In this study, we assess the efficiency of mental health care systems across 12 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in 2014. Methods: We used data envelopment analysis (DEA). The number of psychiatrists and nurses working in the mental health sector, the number of beds in mental hospitals, and the healthcare expenditures were included as inputs. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of mental and substance use disorders was considered as the output. This approach is an input-oriented and a variable returns to scale. Results: Countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, and Qatar with the efficiency scores of 1.00 are entirely efficient. However, Bahrain and Iran with the efficiency scores of 0.50 and 0.58 are the most inefficient countries, respectively. After measuring the efficiency model, the radial super-efficiency showed that Egypt and Lebanon with the efficiency scores of 4.73 and 4.09 were ranked as the first and second by far. Qatar and Iraq compared with the previous analysis, and with the efficiency scores of 1.72 and 1.58, were ranked as the third and fourth. Bahrain and Iran were as inefficient as the previous model. Conclusion: This study depicted a general portrait of the performance of mental health systems across MENA countries. Countries performed efficiently, have taken advantage of comprehensive programs in mental health sector. Countries are strongly recommended to complement their datasets of mental health to make future studies able to evaluate mental health systems more accurately and perfectly. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17460 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17460/7229

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1028 1036 EN Mostafa Shakhsi-Niaei 1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 3. COVID-19 Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Ehsan Heidari Soureshjani 1. COVID-19 Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Teh-ran, Iran 3. Shahrekord Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Shahrekord, Iran Ali Babaheydari Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2021 01 06 2021 01 25 Background: The COVID-19 is a pandemic viral infection with a high morbidity rate, leading to many worldwide deaths since the end of 2019. The RBD (Receptor Binding Domain) of SARS-CoV-2 through its spike utilizes several host molecules to enter host cells. One of the most important ones is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme normally engaged in renin angiotensin pathway and is responsible for hypertension regulation. As different articles have analyzed separate compounds which can bind ACE2 as the potential virus en