Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1508 1516 Seong-Hi Park School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea Heashoon Lee School of Nursing, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea 2022 07 22 2023 04 07 Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has different prevalence by region. This study aimed to identify the differences in the effects of obesity and depression on DM in South Korean adults by region. Methods: The participants were 14,343 adults (≥30 yr) from Ulsan (regions with the lowest prevalence of DM) and Jeonbuk (regions with the highest prevalence of DM), and data were extracted from the Community Health Survey 2019. We applied a complex sampling design analysis to reflect the stratified, clustering and weights. The data were analyzed using the unweighted frequencies, weighted percentage, mean, standard error, Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression analysis (SPSS 25.0). Results: Regarding the main result for Ulsan, the odds ratio of DM increased by 1.94, 2.52,1.57, and 4.87 times for obesity(25-29.9kg/m²), high obesity(≥30kg/m²), depression, and receipt of psychological counseling for depression, respectively. In Jeonbuk, the odds ratio of DM increased by 1.79, 2.84, and 3.59 times for obesity, high obesity, and unmet medical experience, respectively. On the other hand, depression-related variables were found to not influence DM Conclusion: We provided the rationale for conducting a health project that interventions for obesity and depression should be included in DM management programs differently in Ulsan and Jeonbuk regions. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29382 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29382/8283

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1469 1481 Mojtaba Norouzi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran Ali Akbar Haghdoost HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Setayesh Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2024 02 12 2024 07 07 Background: Although observational studies are valuable sources of scientific evidence, they are prone to bias and confounding. This study aimed to assess the quality of observational studies in Traditional Persian medicine (TPM). Methods: A systematic search was conducted in national and international databases up to the end of 2022 to identify observational studies on TPM. The quality of articles was evaluated using the STROBE checklist and CARE guidelines. Results: Out of the 192 articles identified, 109 met the eligible criteria for quality assessment. Cross-sectional and case-control studies had a mean STROBE score of 1.2±0.51 out of 2, with the introduction section scoring highest and the results and methods sections scoring lowest. The worst reported items in the method section involved sensitivity analyses, bias control, and management of missing data. Case reports and case series had a mean score of 1.4±0.55 out of 2, with the section on therapeutic interventions scoring the highest. Other sections like keywords, follow-up and outcomes, diagnostic assessment, patient perspective, and informed consent scored below one. Conclusion: Many reviewed articles did not adhere to the recommended formatting in the evaluation tools, making it challenging to assess their quality. Having said that, the quality of observational studies in the field of TPM is a point of concern. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34603 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34603/8280

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1686 1688 JaeWoo Lee Sports Convergence Institute, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea JunSung Park Department of Physical Education, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Republic of Korea 2023 06 22 2023 08 12 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32410 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32410/8301

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1681 1685 In Cheol Hwang Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea Heuy Sun Suh Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea Hong Yup Ahn Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Miryoung Seo Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, In-cheon, Republic of Korea Jina Yeo Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, In-cheon, Republic of Korea 2023 04 20 2023 09 09 Background: Neck circumference (NC) measurement has been recently developed as a simple and time-saving anthropometric method for predicting cardiovascular risk. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is known as one of the cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated the association between NC and asymptomatic hyperuricemia among the general population of Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined data from 7,629 participants in the 2019–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with hyperuricemia. Results: Approximately 10% of participants corresponded to hyperuricemia group who were likely to be male, have more comorbidities, poorer habits, and larger NC. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that NC was significantly associated with hyperuricemia in women (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.06-1.30), but not in men (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.96-1.12). Conclusion: A large NC is independently correlated with hyperuricemia among Korean women.   Methods: This cross-sectional study examined data from 7,629 participants in the 2019–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with hyperuricemia. Results: Approximately 10% of participants corresponded to hyperuricemia group who were likely to have more comorbidities, poorer habits, and larger NC. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that NC was significantly associated with hyperuricemia in women (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.06-1.30), but not in men (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.96-1.12). Conclusion: A large NC is independently correlated with hyperuricemia among Korean women. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31811 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31811/8300

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1517 1527 Guanglong Dong Vascular Surgery Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang 161000, China Xiangwen Yu Vascular Surgery Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang 161000, China Mingyu Zhao Vascular Surgery Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang 161000, China Shusen Lin Vascular Surgery Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang 161000, China Qingyu Meng Vascular Surgery Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang 161000, China 2023 11 08 2024 04 04 Background: There is increasing evidence that macrophages are involved in the development of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), but the specific mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the key genes that play a regulatory role on macrophages in the progression of CAS. Methods: From 2021 August to 2023 August, GEO datasets GSE100927 and GSE43292 were downloaded and the key gene modules related to CAS were identified by weighted Gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed on the genes of the key modules to identify common gene enrichment pathways. Differential expression analysis of pathway-related genes was performed by the "limma" package of R software. Case groups were categorized into high and low expression groups based on the expression levels of key genes, and ssGSEA immune infiltration analysis was performed. Results: The turquoise module of GSE100924 (threshold=12) and the brown module of GSE43292 (threshold=7) were obtained through WGCNA analysis. The analysis of KEGG showed that the differentially expressed genes in the turquoise and brown modules were co-enriched in the staphylococcus aureus infection signaling pathway. Differential expression analysis identified 18 common differentially expressed genes, all of which were highly expressed in the case group. C1QA is the gene of interest. According to ssGSEA analysis, the high expression group of C1QA showed a significant increase in the number of macrophages (GSE43292, P=0.0011; GSE100927, P=0.025). Conclusion: This study identified the key gene C1QA involved in regulating macrophage functional activity during the CAS process, providing new ideas for effective control of CAS. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33703 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33703/8284

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1482 1495 EN Aydın Çivilidağ Department of Psychology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye Şerife Durmaz Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye Berk Uslu Akdeniz University Institute of Social Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye 2023 03 07 2023 12 10 Background: We aimed to examine the job satisfaction (JS), work stress (WS) and burnout (B) levels of healthcare workers (HCWs), who are at the forefront of the fight against the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic process, which negatively affects the whole world, by meta-analysis. Methods: Articles, theses and papers in the literature before the COVID-19 (2014-2019) and during COVID-19 (2020-2022) were systematically reviewed. The sample size of 54 studies conducted from 13 countries was 49.139. Data analysis was performed with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) 3.0 Version program. Results: According to the random effect model analysis result, a negative, significant and low-level relationship was found between WS and JS, before and during COVID-19. There was a negative, significant and medium level relationship between JS and B. It was found positive, significant and high-level relationship between WS and B. Human development level (HDL) has a moderating effect on WS and B. In addition, sample size has moderating effect on WS and JS. Conclusion: During the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs have experienced more burnout due to strict isolation, working conditions requiring overtime, fatigue, insomnia and concerns about virus transmission. Intense work tempo, inadequate health equipment, patient deaths, and low wages are the factors that decrease JS and increase WS and B. It is recommended to improve working conditions globally and provide financial support and mental health protection for HCWs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31415 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31415/8281

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1689 1690 Yudai Kaneda School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan 2023 08 29 2023 09 18 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33059 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33059/8302

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 7 2024 07 07 1528 1536 Marija Anđelković Apostolović Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty University of Niš, Niš, Serbia Miodrag Stojanović Center for Informatics and Biostatistics in Health Care, Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia Dragan Bogdanović 1. Center for Informatics and Biostatistics in Health Care, Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia 2. State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia Branislav Apostolović Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia Marija Topalović Department of Pulmonology, University Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia Zoran Milošević 1. Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty University of Niš, Niš, Serbia 2. Center for Informatics and Biostatistics in Health Care, Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia Roberta Marković 1. Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty University of Niš, Niš, Serbia 2. Center for Health Promotion, Institute of Public Health Niš, Niš, Serbia Aleksandra Ignjatović 1. Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty Uar>2024 02 17 2024 04 08 Background: COVID-19 infection is transmitted easily and quickly, exposing medical care workers, especially nursing workers, to tremendous stress. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing the sleep quality of nurses and implementing corresponding interventions are conducive to improving the sleep quality of nurses and enhancing their nursing quality. Methods: Form September to December 2022, a survey-based evaluation was conducted on 1074 front-line clinical nurses randomly selected from three hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China. Based on the survey results, 152 nurses were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 76 nurses in each group. A 2-month psychological intervention based on the self-transcendence theory was conducted, and the two groups were compared before and after the intervention. Results: The average PSQI score of nurses was 7.19±3.65, with 471 of them suffering from poor sleep (PSQI>7), accounting for 45.46%. In addition, 57.10% of the nurses were under excessive stress, whereas 62% of them had a Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score of ≥50. After the intervention, the PSQI score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Clinical nurses in tertiary hospitals have poor sleep quality and more severe stress and anxiety problems during COVID-19 than during non-epidemic periods. Clinical interventions based on the self-transcendence theory can effectively improve the sleep quality of nurses. Results of this study provide reference for enhancing the sleep quality of nurses and ensuring their physical and mental health during epidemic. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34646 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34646/8210

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 4 2024 04 08 774 784 EN Rehmaita Malem Department of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Technology and Health, Bina Bangsa Getsempena University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Ristiani Ristiani Department of Midwifery, Nusantara Midwifery Academy 2000, Jakarta, Indonesia Muhibbullah Puteh Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cut Nyak, University of Science Dhien Langsa, Langsa, Indonesia 2023 07 19 2023 09 09 Background: Brisk walking exercise is an aerobic exercise with the moderate intensity that can reduce the risk in people with hypertension. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of interventions related to brisk walking and blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients. Methods: Search strategy through the PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases limited from 2018 to 2023. The components measured are systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. This study uses the Black and Downs checklist to measure the quality of the study, which consists of 3, namely high quality, medium quality, and low quality. Effect size analysis of the study used the standard mean difference between brisk walking exercise and not doing brisk walking exercise. Results: The results of the identification of the database obtained 1700 articles, then limited by title, year, abstract (n = 381), and full-text article feasibility (n = 76) to obtain nine articles included. Nine articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis by study quality: six studies of high quality, 2 of medium quality, and 1 of low quality. Systolic blood pressure had a substantial effect size in all studies (P<0.05; SMD: -0.55) while diastolic blood pressure had an effect medium size (P=0.05; SMD: 0.13). Conclusion: Brisk walking exercise can significantly reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension—recommendations for the future to carry out community-based physical activity in improving physical health, including heart health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32506 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32506/8206

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 4 2024 04 08 976 977 Sang Soo Kim Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daugu, South Korea Yu-Ree Yi Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2022 12 01 2023 01 22 No Abstract No Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30525 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30525/8228

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 4 2024 04 08 828 836 Zorana Babic Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Nemanja Rancic Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia Sanja Ilic Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Snezana Corovic Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Vesna Milicic Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Gordana Djordjevic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ognjen Djordjevic Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sladjana Ilic Department of Dermatovenerology, General Hospital “Medical System Belgrade”, Belgrade, Serbia Svetlana Radevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2024 02 12 2024 04 08 Background: We aimed to investigating the sex-specific and age-specific melanoma mortality trends observed on the territory of Serbia between 2000 and 2021. Methods: This population-based study used data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia database during the period 2000–2021. The calculation of the gender and age-standardized rates (ASR) was performed. We used a regression analysis complete with linear trend model. Results: The mean ASR was 1.77 per 100,000 people, meaning that male mortality rates (2.24 per 100,000) was higher than female mortality rates (1.34 per 100,000). During the observation period, a rising trend in mortality from melanoma skin cancer was reported. Observed by gender, the change of melanoma mortality trend was significant in men (P=0.021), but not in women (P=0.747). The annual growth rate of ASRs values was 1.43%. A increase in the melanoma mortality rate was observed since 2000 by 2.44% annually in males and by 2.79% annually in females. Mortality rates were increasing in both sexes as they aged, and the greatest number of deaths was recorded in the group of those aged 80 yr or above (16.25 per 100,000 for men; 10.45 per 100,000 for women). Conclusion: Our study findings underline the importance of launching more effective public health awareness campaigns to educate people about the dangers of melanoma and its symptoms’ detection along with establishing a diagnosis at an early stage of the disease, especially among male patients and those at an advanced age. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34615 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34615/8211

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 4 2024 04 08 785 798 EN Jiaxian Shao School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China Yuncong Yu School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China Cheng Cheng WeiFang Mental Health Center, Weifang, Shandong, China Min Gao School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China Xiaona Li School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China Dongping Ma School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China Wenqiang Yin School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China Zhongming Chen School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China 2023 06 13 2023 11 26 Background: We aimed to analyze the prevalence of depression among the global public during COVID-19, identify its influencing factors in order to provide reference, and help safeguard public mental health. Methods: A comprehensive literature on global public depression in various countries during the COVID-19 pandemic was obtained through electronic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases, combined with literature tracing from Dec 2019 to Mar 2023. Then a meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects model by Stata 16.0. The heterogeneity was evaluated by I2. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity and the factors influencing public depression. Egger's test was used to test publication bias. Results: Overall, 68 articles with 234,678 samples were included in the study. Analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of depression among the population during COVID-19 was 32.0% (95% CI: 29.0%-35.0%). Of these, marital status (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.87), presence of infected cases (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.82-3.30), and fear of being infected by the virus (OR=9.31, 95% CI: 6.03-14.37) were the main factors influencing people’s depression and the main source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among the global public is at a high level during COVID-19. The prevalence of depression among people unmarried, divorced, or widowed, surrounded by infected cases, contact infection cases, and worried about being were higher than others. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32289 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32289/8207

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 4 2024 04 08 972 975 Hee-Tae Roh Division of Sports Science, College of Arts and Sports, Sun Moon University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea Taikyeong Jeong School of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea 2024 02 04 2024 04 04 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34534 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34534/8227

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 4 2024 04 08 837 845 Huafeng Li Medical Genetics Department, Linyi Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, Linyi 276000, China Yongli Li Medical Genetics Department, Linyi Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, Linyi 276000, China Yanli Zhang Medical Genetics Department, Linyi Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, Linyi 276000, China Jinping Zhu Medical Genetics Department, Linyi Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, Linyi 276000, China Yuqiang Huang Medical Genetics Department, Linyi Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, Linyi 276000, China 2023 07 26 2024 04 08 Background: We aimed to compare the difference of the chromosomal abnormalities using karyotype analysis and chromosomal microarray (CMA) as well as to evaluate their application in different prenatal diagnosis indications. Methods: Overall, 3007 pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis indications from Medical Genetics Department of Linyi Women and Children’s Health Care Hospital, who underwent standard G-banded karyotype analysis and CMA, were enrolled from 2018-2022. G-banded karyotype analysis and CMA were undergone simultaneously. All fetuses with genetic variants were enrolled for further analyzing. The frequency and differences of chromosomal abnormalities of the two methods were compared in different prenatal diagnosis indications groups. Results: CMA improved 4.09% (123/3007) of genetic changes compared karyotype analysis. CMA is on par with karyotyping for detection of aneuploidies and gross unbalanced rearrangements. Serological screening and ultrasound abnormalities were the main indications of prenatal diagnosis. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities was highest in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) abnormal group. In the ultrasound abnormality group, the detection rate of genetic variants in nuchal translucency (NT) increased group was higher than other subgroups and there was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of pCNVs. CMA can detect 5.57% (40/718) more genetic abnormalities in ultrasound abnormality group on the normal karyotype. CMA improved 0.67% (20/3007) of genetic changes with clinically significant compared karyotype, brought 3.42% (103/3007) of variants with uncertain significance (VOUS). Conclusion: CMA identified additional, clinically significant genetic variants on the basis of normal karyotype analysis, brought a proportion of unclear significant variants. All the pregnant women accepted amniocentesis should be informed about their characteristics of karyotype analysis and CMA by genetic counselors. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32683 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32683/8212

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 4 2024 04 08 846 854 Sara Samim Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology, and Environment, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Sem-lalia, Marrakech, Morocco Mohamed Loukid Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobioy> 2024 06 01 Background: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disrupted health systems and put a huge strain on hospitals and healthcare workers. Prioritizing COVID-19 patients in hospitals caused irreversible harm to cardiac patients. Although multiple studies have shown that ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients have worse admission circumstances than before the pandemic, the hospital outcomes of these patients have remained limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined STEMI patient outcomes during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: We conducted systematic searches of MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase through Jan 10, 2021. All studies with reporting in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and door-to-balloon time with over twenty participants were included. Articles without clear definitions or results were excluded. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. The outcomes of interest were door-to-balloon time, death, and hospital stay during COVID-19 pandemic compared prior. Results: Our meta-analysis included 12 studies and 21170 people (115-6609). The pooled analysis showed significantly more pandemic mortality (OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.07-1.43). Ten studies (13,091) recorded door-to-balloon times. Door-to-balloon time (in minutes) significantly increased during the pandemic (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]= 0.46; 95% CI: 0.03-0.89). The length of hospital stay was reported by five studies (n=9448). Length of hospital stay (in days) was not significantly longer during the pandemic than before the outbreak (SMD= 0.04; 95% CI: -0.19-0.26). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased mortality and door-to-balloon delay that might be attributable to the strict infection control measures in outbreak. Studies with a longer follow-up time are needed to investigate the outcomes of STEMI patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33475 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33475/8337

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2079 2089 Wuzhen Dong Department of Proctology, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China Wen Lin Department of Nursing, Ziyang College of Dental Technology, Ziyang, Sichuan, China Chong Li Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Shuanghu Branch Road No. 1, Yubei District, Chongqing, China 2023 10 12 2024 04 04 Background: We aimed to explore the role of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway in the radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance as well as cell stemness in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs and signal pathways closely related to differentially expressed mRNAs have also been analyzed in March 2022 at the Jinhua Central Hospital, China. Then, the expression of CXCL12 was detected by qRT-PCR in colorectal cancer cells and testing the effects of transfecting CXCL12 into different CRC-derived cell lines. The effects of CXCL12 on cell proliferation were evaluated by chemosensitivity assay and radiation sensitivity assay. Results: Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs found a total of 2429 differentially expressed genes, THBS3 and CXCL12 genes are two abnormally highly expressed genes in the CRC. KEGG analysis showed the correlative signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, which is related to cell stemness. Furthermore, the expression of CXCL12 in CRC cells was detected and an increasing trend was obtained in CRC cells. In addition, the chemosensitivity and radiotherapy tolerance were elevated after transfected with CXCL12. Conclusion: CXCL12 could be a potential promote biomarkers in CRC and also promote the chemosensitivity and radiotherapy tolerance. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33462 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33462/8347

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1976 1991 Fatemeh Ebrahimi Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Samaneh Torkian Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elahe Zare-Farashbandi Clinical Informationist Research Group, Health Information Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Babak Tamizifar Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2023 06 23 2024 02 02 Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who cease anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy are at risk of relapse, which is a matter of concern for the medical community. This study aimed to determine the relapse rate of IBD in patients who cease anti- TNF therapy. Methods: A systematic search of international databases (Medline, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EMBASE) was conducted until Mar 9th, 2022. The random effects model was used to calculate the IBD relapse rate, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval. Results: The IBD relapse rate in patients who discontinued anti-TNF therapy was 44%. The pooled IBD-UC and IBD-CD relapse rate in patients who stopped anti-TNF therapy were 43% and 46%, respectively. The studies using infliximab (IFX) showed a pooled IBD relapse rate of 45%, and the IBD relapse rate in the IFX/ADA (Adalimumab) group was 42%. The IBD relapse rate for papers with treatment durations of less than or equal to 12 months was 51%, while for articles with treatment durations of more than 12 months, it was 30%. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for careful evaluation and monitoring of IBD patients who cease anti-TNF therapy, as well as further investigation of alternative treatments for those who exhibit intolerance or inadequate response to anti-TNF therapy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32427 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32427/8338

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2090 2102 Arash Poursheikhani 1. Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Meysam Mosallaei Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Nasrollahzadeh Sabet Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Foad Heidari Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Rajaeinejad AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA‐ CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Chamanara 1. Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Yousefi zoshk 1. Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Peyman Aslani 1. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Infectious Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Hazrati Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan Mohammadimehr Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Behroozi 1. Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 17 2022 11 19 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most invasive types of brain cancer. LncRNAs can be considered a new prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in GBM. This study comprehensively explored the interaction of lncRNAs with mRNAs in the TCGA database and proposed a novel promising biomarker with favorable diagnostic and prognostic values. Methods: The public data of RNA-seq and related clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA database. Differential expression analysis was conducted in R. GO and KEGG signaling pathways were used for enrichment. The STRING database was used for PPI analysis. CE-network was constructed by STAR database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and ROC curve analysis to indicate the biomarkers' diagnostic and prognostic values. Results: Differentially expressed data illustrated that 4428 mRNAs were differentially expressed in GBM. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in critical biological processes. The PPI showed that WEE1, BARD1, and CDK6 were the important PPI hubs. The ceRNA network data demonstrated critical lncRNAs. The data revealed that the lncRNA CRNDE, LINC00957, AC072061.1, AC068888.1, and DBH-AS1 are potential diagnostic prognostic biomarkers in the GBM patients. Conclusion: Altogether, we demonstrated lncRNA, and mRNA interaction and mentioned regulatory networks, considered a therapeutic option in GBM. In addition, we proposed potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28777 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28777/8348

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1992 2005 EN Nooshin Mohtasham 1. Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahtab Tarrah Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh Arab Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Masoumeh Sadeghi Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Farnaz Mohajertehran Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2023 08 12 2024 01 15 Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in several biological processes, such as control of tissue homeostasis, cell signaling, differentiation, proliferation, neoplastic transformation, and activation/inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms. In this systematic review, we evaluated the changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs in salivary gland tumors (SGTs). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, and Scopus with no language and date restrictions in Feb 2023. All the studies on SGTs that evaluated miRNA profiling were included. Relevant data regarding the overexpression and down-regulation of the miRNAs were extracted. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with Newcastle–Ottawa checklist. The altered expression of miRNAs was evaluated between SGTs and normal cases, benign and malignant tumors, and primary and high-grade tumors. Results: Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review. There were considerable differences between malignant and benign tumors regarding the miRNAs expression level. In the five studies, the miRNA profile of the primary tumors was compared with metastatic tumors to reveal the involvement of the miRNA in the prognosis of the salivary tumors. The miRNAs expression changes were correlated with tumor size, stage, recurrence, and occurrence of solid components. Perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis were also reported in ACC-LM cell line and recurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) tissues. Conclusion: The miRNA profiling confirms their prognostic value in salivary gland tumors. Significant alternations of the miRNAs expression are useful for distinguishing different types of salivary tumors and malignant tumors from benign types. The miRNA expression changes also affect the prognosis of salivary tumors. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32842 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32842/8339

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2103 2112 EN Dariush D. Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Paleogenomics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Dr. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Mahsa Azari 1. Research Center for Paleogenomics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Dr. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Archeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Rahbar Organization of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, Tehran, Iran 2023 05 28 2024 09 03 Background: Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is a contagious and infectious disease; in the first stage, it destroys the lungs and in the next stage other body organs, such as the spine and long bones. This disease is transmitted through an infected person and due to the weakness of the immune system, the infection intensifies. Tuberculosis has two stages: low activity and high activity. In this article, we have discussed the signs of tuberculosis destruction with high intensity on the bones of prehistory human remains. Methods: The examples of our research are related to human remains from the ancient cemetery of 4000 years ago from Sagezabad region of Qazvin Province of Iran. That period of history coincides with the Iron Age 2 and 3 in the region. People inside the Sagezabad cemetery were very near to early urban (the late rural) society. Results: By matching the form of bone destruction with international atlases for tuberculosis, we have reached a satisfactory result in this article. Due to the strong penetration of the infection into the bones, destruction in the remains was high, so it has simplified the diagnosis for us. Conclusion: We found tuberculosis among the bones. This common ancient disease existed even among Neanderthals. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32140 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32140/8349

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2006 2019 Ali Ghaffarian Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Azam Cheraghi Department of Hospitals Supervision and Accreditation, Vice-Chancellery for Clinical Affairs, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Masoud Ferdosi Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2023 08 23 2024 02 12 Background: One of the upcoming challenges in hospital accreditation is using the same and similar standards for all types of hospitals in size and type of activity. We aimed to identify the accreditation modules for all types of hospitals in size (small hospitals) and type of activity (special hospitals). Methods: This research was conducted as a scoping review from Mar to May 2023. "Arsky and O'Malley" six-step protocol was used to conduct this study. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) was used to identify, evaluate, and select research articles. The "framework analysis" method was used to analyze the data. Results: Of 14 articles, 64% have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Moreover, 36% of them were accreditation organizations' standards at the national level. The accreditation modules of small hospitals are Responsibilities of Management, Care of Patients, Management of Medication, Patient Safety, Infection Control, Continuous Quality Improvement, Patient Rights and Education, Blood and Blood Products, and Partnering with Consumers. The accreditation modules of special hospitals are Governing Body and Administration, Clinical Management, Prevention and Health, Care and Treatment, Diagnostic Services, Patient Rights, and Quality Improvement. Conclusion: Identifying the main modules of accreditation for small and special hospitals can help policymakers and hospital managers improve the quality and safety of their hospitals by using appropriate standards and help improve the services provided to patients and increase their satisfaction. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32987 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32987/8340

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2113 2120 EN Abbas Bahrampour Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Reza Baneshi Australian Women and Girls’ Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia Ali Karamoozian Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Navisa Sadat Seyedghasemi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Abbas Etminan Physiology Research Center, Departments of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mostafa Eghbalian Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2023 10 23 2024 01 13 Background: Along with the increasing prevalence of ESRD in developing countries, the use of more up-to-date statistical models is highly recommended. It is crucial to control potential cure pattern and heterogenicity among patients. Methods: In this longitudinal study, the data of 170 hemodialysis patients who visited the dialysis department of Shafa Hospital in Kerman from 2006 to 2016 were collected. To provides robust estimates the time to event data (death) were analyzed with a gamma frailty mixed cure Weibull model (MC-WG) using Bayesian inference. Results: About 49% of patients experienced the death and median survival time was 37.5 months. Older patients (0.264), female patients (0.269), and patients with higher mean serum urea levels (0.186) had a higher risk of death. Moreover, we observe a decrease in death with increase in Creatine (Cr). Conclusion: In the MC-WG Bayesian model, the diabetes, AST, calcium, phosphorus and uric acid variables had a significant effect on the survival of hemodialysis patients, while they were not significant in the Cox PH model. The results of MC-WG Bayesian model are more consistent with other studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33553 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33553/8350

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2020 2029 Nader Salari Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mehrab Ahmadi Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Hooman Ghasemi Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Reza Yarani Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford Uni-versity, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Masoud Mohammadi Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 2023 10 09 2024 01 13 Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of sedentary time in diabetes and metabolic syndrome worldwide via a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Methods: This study was conducted using the systematic review method following PRISMA 2020 criteria. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2022. The heterogeneity of studies was measured using the I2 test. Results: The prevalence of sedentary time in diabetic patients was 52.3% (CI 95 %:46.2-58.2) and the prevalence of sedentary time in metabolic syndrome was 43.3% (95% CI: 31- 56.5).  Also, the results of subgroup analysis show that the prevalence of inactivity in diabetic women was 60.3% higher than that of diabetic men. The prevalence of inactivity in patients with metabolic syndrome was 28.6% in men and women, respectively. Conclusion: Sedentary time has a very high prevalence in metabolic syndrome and diabetic patients. In other words, almost half of these patients experience their life patterns. Therefore, effective and efficient efforts to improve activity and exercise in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome will have a more effective therapeutic effect and improve their quality of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33423 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33423/8341

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2121 2129 Shohreh SeyyedHosseini Deapartment of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Paramedicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Mohammadreza Yazdankhahfard Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Maryam Azargoon Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Reza BasirianJahromi Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Paramedicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2023 09 07 2024 02 12 Background: Nowadays, blended learning in medicine (BLM) has gained the attention of most experts as an invaluable approach to improving the quality of medical education. The level of attention to articles in this field on social networks is substantial. This study aimed to study the effectiveness of published articles in blended learning, indexed in Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2013 and 2022, from an altmetrics perspective. Methods: The research is descriptive-analytical, with a scientometrics approach (using the Altmetrics index). The population includes all the articles on blended learning in medicine, indexed in Scopus and Web of Science databases, two well-known citation databases worldwide. Data were extracted using the Altmetrics bookmarklet tool and analyzed with descriptive statistics methods in Excel software. Results: Out of 1327 articles, 136 articles (10.25%) did not have a digital object identifier (DOI) or PMID number. Mendeley, X (previously Twitter), and Dimensions were the most widely used social networks in blended learning. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia had the highest number of tweets in blended learning in medicine. Conclusion: The number of articles with altmetrics indicators, categorized by publication year, demonstrates an improvement in the familiarity and use of social media by blended learning researchers in medicine. Blended learning researchers are advised to carefully select reputable journals - preferably with DOI - to increase the visibility and attention to their articles on social media. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33155 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33155/8351

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2130 2139 Riaz Alaei Kalajahi Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ghorbani Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Mohammad Arab Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Yaseri Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 09 09 2023 02 02 Background: We aimed to investigate Tehran’s University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) affiliated hospitals organizational readiness toward implementing the ‘Autonomous Hospitals’ program as a change initiative from a managerial perspective in 2020. Methods: A census covering all eligible managers working in TUMS affiliated hospitals, Tehran, Iran (350 individuals) was carried out. Overall, 281 questionnaires were returned (a 30% non-responsiveness rate). A standard construct was adopted for data collection which was validated through a process of translation- back translation, face validity, and content validity (CVI=0.86, CVR=0.76). The reliability was acquired using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.87 and over 0.7). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to draw conclusions .SPSS 26 was used for data analysis. Result: Total organizational readiness for change (TORC) in hospitals was 60.75%±10.11 showing a state of medium to upper-medium readiness status. Also, the 'Clear mandate and centralized leadership' theme scored the lowest mean (53.02%±15.78) for ORC. 'Hospi