Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1058 1067 Min Sook Bae National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea Hyunjong Song Department of Health Policy & Management, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea 2023 02 05 2024 05 04 Background: A local clinic-based chronic disease management intervention including care planning, education about disease management, monitoring, and evaluation of the achievement of objects was introduced in Korea in 2019. We evaluated the effect of the intervention on medication adherence in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Methods: In 2019, a one-year retrospective case-control group study design was performed using data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. Propensity score matching was used to control for selection bias. Medication adherence, calculated by medication possession rate, was the dependent variable. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the association between participation in the intervention and medication adherence, adjusting for covariates. A control group was set as a reference for participation in the full/partial component intervention. Results: The proportions of participants in the full component intervention in the experimental group were 43.2% and 42.6% for patients with hypertension or diabetes, respectively. Both these groups tended to be more medication adherent than their counterparts (hypertension OR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.45, diabetes OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.24-2.17). Conclusion: Institutionalizing a comprehensive chronic disease management program using multidisciplinary teams in the primary care context is crucial. Also, it is necessary to refine reimbursement payment systems. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31147 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31147/8235

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 978 987 Young Ho Lee Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Gwan Gyu Song Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2023 09 03 2023 12 19 Background: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between mean platelet volume (MPV) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity, and laboratory parameters including the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), C3 levels, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Methods: The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched comprehensively to identify relevant articles. Meta-Analyses were performed to assess differences in MPV between patients with SLE and control groups and between active and inactive SLE. A separate meta-analysis explored correlation coefficients between MPV and SLEDAI, C3, anti-dsDNA, and ESR. Results: Fourteen studies comprising 659 patients with SLE and 682 controls were included. No significant difference in MPV was found between patients with SLE and control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.406; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.087 to 0.899; P = 0.107). When stratified by ethnicity, the Arab population displayed markedly elevated MPV levels within the SLE group (SMD: 1.032; 95% CI: 0.475–1.588; P <0.001), unlike their European and Asian counterparts. MPV levels were higher in the active disease group than in the inactive group, particularly among the Arab population (SMD: 2.100; 95% CI: 0.406–3.794; P = 0.015), while no significant difference was observed within the Asian population (SMD: –1.493; 95% CI = –4.465 to 1.479; P = 0.325). MPV did not correlate with SLEDAI (correlation coefficient: 0.252; 95% CI: –0.016 to 0.486; P = 0.065), ESR, C3, or anti-dsDNA. Conclusion: MPV levels were generally higher in patients with SLE among the Arab population. Moreover, MPV and disease activity were positively correlated within the Arab population, underscoring the potential of MPV as a disease activity indicator in specific ethnic groups. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33105 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33105/8229

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 05 1209 1210 Jupil Ko Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Sang-Won Seo Department of Sports Science, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Ji Hoon Cho Department of Exercise Prescription, Dongshin University, Naju, Republic of Korea 2023 08 03 2023 09 18 No Abstrat.No Abstract No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32790 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32790/8252

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1068 1076 Zhixiang Luo Institute of Intercultural Language Education and Communication, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China Ningfang Wang Institute of Intercultural Language Education and Communication, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China 2024 03 22 2024 05 04 Background: Compared with able-bodied people, speech disabilities are more prone to various mental health problems. We aimed to explore the impact of positive psychology-based intervention strategies on emotional cognition, mental health, and recovery of speech function in speech disabilities. Methods: In May 2023, 306 cases of speech disabilities were selected from 112 village committees and 129 neighborhood committees in Jingmen City, China. The control group was given routine speech rehabilitation training, and the observation group was given an intervention strategies-based on positive psychology based on the above training. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Chinese Facial Emotion Test (CFET), Comprehensive Function Assessment for Disabled Children (CFADC), and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) were used to evaluate the two groups of patients before and after intervention. Results: After the intervention, the mental state scores (psychotic, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization, paranoia, terror, hostility, anxiety, and depression) of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The correct emotional scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group were. However, the remote error scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group were. The difference was also statistically significant (P<0.05). The cognitive function score, speech function score, and BDAE score (retelling, writing, fluency, and reading comprehension) of the observation group were all higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The intervention strategies-based on positive psychology could promote the improvement of health problems and speech function in speech disabilities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34957 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34957/8236

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 988 996 Jingyan Zhang Six Departments of Introneurosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Hei-longjiang Province, China Yan Wang Six Departments of Introneurosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Hei-longjiang Province, China Yongliang Gai Six Departments of Introneurosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Hei-longjiang Province, China Hanmei Cui Six Departments of Introneurosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Hei-longjiang Province, China Bo Liu Six Departments of Introneurosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Hei-longjiang Province, China Jie Li Three Departments of Introneurosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Hei-longjiang Province, China Yuguang Wang CT Room, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Juncheng Lv Six Departments of Introneurosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Hei-longjiang Province, China Shaosen Chen Thoracic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China 2023 08 24 2024 05 04 Background: We aimed to analyze the variability of the permanent trigeminal artery (PTA) and its relationship with cerebrovascular disease. Methods: To analyze the variability of the PTA and its relationship with cerebrovascular disease by using the terms "primitive trigeminal artery", "persistent primitive trigeminal artery", " persistent trigeminal artery variant", "PPTA", "PTAV", "carotid- basilar anastomoses", "carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses", "persisting embryonic vessels" were used as keywords, and the English-language literature related to PTA and cerebrovascular diseases published in PubMed, EMBAS, and Web of Science databases from 2000 to 2022 were searched by using "subject terms + free words". A meta-analysis of the collected data was performed using stata14.0 statistical software to assess the relationship between the immortal trigeminal artery and cerebrovascular-related diseases. Results: A total of 1908 relevant articles were initially retrieved for this study. Ten papers were initially screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, while the literature was then read one by one to exclude duplicates, reviews, case reports, and conference abstracts, and six papers were finally included for meta-analysis. The six papers included in this paper were all cross-sectional studies with 39,355 subjects, of which 206 subjects had PTA, with a variation rate of approximately 0.52%, including 77 males and 129 females, 117 left-sided variants and 87 right-sided variants. In contrast, of the 206 subjects with a PTA, 52 had cerebrovascular disease, with an overall prevalence of approximately 25.24%. Conclusion: The PTA could influence the development of cerebrovascular disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32995 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32995/8230

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 05 1209 1210 Mohammad Khammarnia Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mehdi Zanganeh Baygi Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2023 03 08 2023 08 12 This is a Letter to the Editor https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31420 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31420/8253

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 1077 1086 Ye Seul Choi Graduate Student, Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Minkyung Gu Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Daejin University, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Sohyune Sok College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2023 06 13 2024 05 04 Background: Symptoms of depression, sleep, and fatigue in stroke patients are associated with each other, and intervention development for improving of these symptoms is needed. This study aimed to examine the effects of hot red bean bag on depression, sleep state, sleep satisfaction, and fatigue among Korean stroke patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The study participants included 57 stroke patients (Intervention: n=28, Control: n=29) in a hospital in Seoul, South Korea from Aug 2017 to Mar 2018. Hot red bean bag, as an intervention, was heated in a 2,450 MHz microwave oven for 3 min, and applied for 30 min at 41±6 ℃ in the lower limbs of the intervention group for 5 days. Results: There were statistically significant differences on depression (P<0.001), sleep state (P<0.001), sleep satisfaction (P<0.001), and total fatigue (P<0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion: Hot red bean bag was an effective intervention for decreasing depression and total/subcategories fatigue, and for improving sleep state and sleep satisfaction of Korean stroke patients. Research on complementary and alternative therapies for stroke patients needs be studied continuously. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32292 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32292/8237

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 5 2024 05 04 33203 33203 EN Diana Araújo Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal Ana Bártolo 1. Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal 2. CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal 3. Research in Education and Community Intervention, Piaget Institute – ISEIT/Viseu, Viseu, Portugal 4. Center for Global Studies, Open University, Lisboa, Portugal Cláudia Fernandes CATIM -Technological Center for the Metal Working Industry, Porto, Portugal Anabela Pereira 1. Department of Psychology, Colégio Pedro da Fonseca, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal 2. Center for Research in Education and Psychology (CIEP), University of 2049 2058 Junfeng Zhang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China Weiyi Gong Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China Xinle Wang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China Longbo Yang Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongkegengjiu Hospital of Anhui/Gengjiu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China 2023 09 21 2024 09 03 Background: Long non-coding RN (lncRNAs) have been implicated in lung cancer, but the mechanisms stay unclear. We investigated the theatrical role and mechanism of lncRNA Lung cancer associated transcript 1 LUCAT1 in the malignant progress of lung cancer. Methods: From May 2022 to March 2023, a total of thirty normal and cancerous tissues were collected from patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer at Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital in Anhui Province, China. The human SPC-A1 and A549 cell lines were chosen as the subjects for the relevant cellular experiments in this study. LncRNAs were expressed in a different manner identified by bioinformatics methods, and the expression levels in lung cancer tissues as well as cells were verified by the qRT-PCR assay. The biological role of LUCAT1 in NSCLC was determined by CCK-8, EdU, and transwell assay. Results: The regulation of ubiquitin of P53 by LUCAT1 was studied, which showed that LUCAT1 was significantly elevated in NSCLC cell lines and patients’ tissues (P<0.05). High levels of LUCAT1 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells. Mechanism studies showed that LUCAT1 was mainly located in the nucleus, which bound to P53 and mediated the ubiquitinated degradation of P53. Meanwhile, LUCAT1 knockdown attenuated the ubiquitination process of P53. In addition, rescue experiments illustrated that LUCAT1 induced the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells, and played a key role in the survival and tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells by mediating the ubiquitination of P53. Conclusion: Collectively, LUCAT1 activated the malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells via regulating P53 ubiquitination, which provided a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33259 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33259/8344

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1935 1950 EN Yang He 1. Department of Urology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China 2. Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Abai Xu Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Li Xiao Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China Ying Yang Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Boping Li Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Zhe Liu Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Peng Rao Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yicheng Wang Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Li Ruan Department of Urology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Tao Zhang Department of Urology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China 2023 07 29 2024 02 05 Background: Phosphorus metabolism might be associated with tumor initiation and progression. We aimed to screen out the phosphorus metabolism genes related to bladder cancer and construct a clinical prognosis model. Methods: The dataset used for the analysis was obtained from TCGA database. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were subsequently applied to differentially expressed genes. Consensus clustering was utilized, and different clusters of the tumor immune microenvironment and other features were compared. The phosphorus metabolism-related genes involved in prognosis were screened out by univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a nomogram was constructed. The performance of the nomogram was validated using TCGA dataset and the GEO dataset, respectively. Results: Overall, 405 phosphorus metabolism-related differentially expressed genes from TCGA database were identified, which were associated with phosphorylation, cell proliferation, leukocyte activation, and signaling pathways. Two clusters were obtained by consistent clustering. After tumor immune microenvironment analysis, significant differences in immune cell infiltration between cluster 1 and cluster 2 were found. Four phosphorus metabolism-related genes (LIME1, LRP8, SPDYA, and MST1R) were associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA) patients. We built a prognostic model and visualized the model as a nomogram. Calibration curves demonstrated the performance of this nomogram, in agreement with that shown by the ROC curves. Conclusion: We successfully identified four phosphorus metabolism-related genes associated with prognosis, providing potential targets for biomarkers and therapeutics. A nomogram based on these genes was developed. Nevertheless, this study is based on bioinformatics, and experimental validation remains essential. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32707 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32707/8335

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2165 2166 Dong-Il Kim 1. Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Sports Functional Disability Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2024 07 03 2024 09 01 No Abstract. No Abstract. No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35961 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35961/8357

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2059 2068 Eun Jung Lee Department of Social Welfare, School of Social Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Jee Young Kwak Department of Social Welfare, Korea Soongsil Cyber University, Seoul, Korea Hye Jin Kim Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 2023 03 10 2023 11 07 Background: As a health vulnerable group, people with disabilities require more health-promoting behavior than non-disabled people. We aimed to identify the types of health behavior of disabled people and to track the trajectories of stress by the type of health behaviors. Methods: Data came from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled Second Wave by the Employment Development Institute (EDI) in Korea. We used dataset from the first 6 years of the 2nd wave of PSEDSW (2016-2021). The current study analyzed 3,991 subjects. The types of health behavior were identified through latent class analysis (LCA) and the trajectories of stress were estimated through multi-group latent growth modeling using Mplus 8.0. Results: Two types of groups in health behaviors, smoking-drinking group (SD), nonsmoking-less drinking group (NLSD) were derived. Depending on the types of health behavior, the trajectories of stress appeared significantly different: the NLSD had significantly lower stress than the SD in the first year, and this low-level stress trajectory was maintained continuously for 6 years. Conclusion: Health behaviors could be suitable as a stress coping method for people with disabilities. This study suggests that it is necessary to make efforts to create an environment that supports people with disabilities to learn healthier ways to cope with stress. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31437 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31437/8345

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1951 1963 Haisheng Luo Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baisha Li Autonomous County People's Hospital, Baisha, 572800, Hainan, China Chunying Jing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China Hongbo Liu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University (Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences), Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China 2024 04 16 2024 06 27 Background: We aimed to examine how electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture affect treatment results, pain levels, and joint function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Research was carried out in various databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and CNKI. Following the "Cochrane manual", the risk of bias of included RCTs was assessed. A funnel plot was utilized to evaluate any potential bias in the publications. The impact size was indicated by the average discrepancy along with its 95% confidence interval. Results: The EA group showed a higher effectiveness rate (P = 0.001) and a lower WOMAC pain score (P < 0.00001) compared to the control group. The EA group had a lower WOMAC pain score compared to the SA/exercise group and the group that received manual acupuncture. The WOMAC pain score was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the manual acupuncture group under intense electroacupuncture stimulation (P < 0.0001). The WOMAC pain score was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the manual acupuncture group when weak current acupuncture was applied (P = 0.0001). However, no significant difference in WOMAC function score between EA and control group. Conclusion: Comparison to manual acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and exercise training, electroacupuncture enhanced the effectiveness of treating KOA and decreased the WOMAC pain score in patients with KOA. The level of pain relief achieved may be linked to the strength of the current stimulation. However, electroacupuncture had no significant effect on WOMAC function score. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35185 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35185/8336

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2069 2078 EN Izzet Ulker Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey Nihal Gordes Aydogdu Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey 2023 10 11 2024 04 04 Background: Dietary habits are influenced by environmental factors. Among these environmental factors are the place of residence, cultural characteristics, food accessibility, and economic status, which can all contribute to changes in the dietary pattern. Migration is another factor that can influence changes in the aspects mentioned above. We aimed to assess the dietary habits of individuals who have migrated from Turkey to Germany in comparison to those living in Turkey. Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 254 individuals were enrolled with 102 individuals in Germany and 152 individuals in Turkey between April 2022 and July 2023. The data collection tools included Socio-demographic Characteristics Forms, Dietary Habits and Health Status Forms, and Food Consumption Frequency Forms. The data was collected online via Google Forms. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the consumption frequency of processed meats, meat and poultry, sweetened beverages, sugar, desserts and pastries, vegetables, fruits, eggs and grains, olive oil, sunflower oil, hazelnut oil, grains, dairy products, coffee, starch, and carbonated beverages between the two groups (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were not found in terms of butter and tea consumption frequency. Conclusion: Overall, the study results have revealed significant differences in dietary habits between Turks living in Germany and those living in Turkey. The most noteworthy dimension of these differences is that individuals living in Turkey exhibit a stronger adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, while those living in Germany tend to follow a Western dietary pattern. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33436 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33436/8346

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1964 1975 Shiva Khaleghparast Cardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Maleki Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fereidoun Noohi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yasaman Khalili Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yeganeh Pasebani Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farnaz Rafiee Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh Farrokhzadeh Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sajjad Biglari Maastricht University Medical Center MUMC+, Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht, The Nederland Saeideh Mazloomzadeh Cardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 10 13 2024 06 01 Background: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disrupted health systems and put a huge strain on hospitals and healthcare workers. Prioritizing COVID-19 patients in hospitals caused irreversible harm to cardiac patients. Although multiple studies have shown that ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients have worse admission circumstances than before the pandemic, the hospital outcomes of these patients have remained limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined STEMI patient outcomes during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: We conducted systematic searches of MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase through Jan 10, 2021. All studies with reporting in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and door-to-balloon time with over twenty participants were included. Articles without clear definitions or results were excluded. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. The outcomes of interest were door-to-balloon time, death, and hospital stay during COVID-19 pandemic compared prior. Results: Our meta-analysis included 12 studies and 21170 people (115-6609). The pooled analysis showed significantly more pandemic mortality (OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.07-1.43). Ten studies (13,091) recorded door-to-balloon times. Door-to-balloon time (in minutes) significantly increased during the pandemic (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]= 0.46; 95% CI: 0.03-0.89). The length of hospital stay was reported by five studies (n=9448). Length of hospital stay (in days) was not significantly longer during the pandemic than before the outbreak (SMD= 0.04; 95% CI: -0.19-0.26). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased mortality and door-to-balloon delay that might be attributable to the strict infection control measures in outbreak. Studies with a longer follow-up time are needed to investigate the outcomes of STEMI patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33475 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33475/8337

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 2079 2089 Wuzhen Dong Department of Proctology, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China Wen Lin Department of Nursing, Ziyang College of Dental Technology, Ziyang, Sichuan, China Chong Li Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Shuanghu Branch Road No. 1, Yubei District, Chongqing, China 2023 10 12 2024 04 04 Background: We aimed to explore the role of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway in the radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance as well as cell stemness in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs and signal pathways closely related to differentially expressed mRNAs have also been analyzed in March 2022 at the Jinhua Central Hospital, China. Then, the expression of CXCL12 was detected by qRT-PCR in colorectal cancer cells and testing the effects of transfecting CXCL12 into different CRC-derived cell lines. The effects of CXCL12 on cell proliferation were evaluated by chemosensitivity assay and radiation sensitivity assay. Results: Bioinformatics analysis of DEGs found a total of 2429 differentially expressed genes, THBS3 and CXCL12 genes are two abnormally highly expressed genes in the CRC. KEGG analysis showed the correlative signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, which is related to cell stemness. Furthermore, the expression of CXCL12 in CRC cells was detected and an increasing trend was obtained in CRC cells. In addition, the chemosensitivity and radiotherapy tolerance were elevated after transfected with CXCL12. Conclusion: CXCL12 could be a potential promote biomarkers in CRC and also promote the chemosensitivity and radiotherapy tolerance. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33462 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33462/8347

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 9 2024 09 03 1976 1991 Fatemeh Ebrahimi Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Samaneh Torkian Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elahe Zare-Farashbandi Clinical Informationist Research Group, Health Information Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Babak Tamizifar Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2023 06 23 2024 02 02 Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who cease anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy are at risk of relapse, which is a matter of concern for the medical community. This study aimed to determine the relapse rate of IBD in patients who cease anti- TNF therapy. Methods: A systematic search of international databases (Medline, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EMBASE) was conducted until Mar 9th, 2022. The random effects model was used to calculate the IBD relapse rate, accomp

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2041 2047 Mo Li Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China Xianxin Xie Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China Hui Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China Hui Li Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China 2022 04 01 2022 06 29 Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of a psychological nursing intervention on inflammatory factors, negative emotions and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Patients at the Cancer Hospital of China Medical University from January 2017 to January 2020 were stratified into two groups based on the way of nursing. Patients in the control group received routine care, and the experimental group received appropriate psychological care interventions in addition to routine care. We compared the inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP)), negative emotions (self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)) and quality of Life (short form-36 survey (SF-36)) between two groups. Results: A total of 226 patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. Before the intervention, the CRP, IL-6, SAS and SDS between two groups were not significantly different (t=0.205, 0.971, 0.590, 1.579; P=0.838, 0.332, 0.556, 0.116). After the intervention, the CRP, IL-6, SAS and SDS between two groups were decreased and significantly different (t=-17.648, -18.079,-18.267,-18.613; P<0.05)  Besides, the social function , physiological function, mental health, physical pain, physical limitation, vitality, emotional functions and overall health were improved and  significantly different between two groups after intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: A psychological nursing Intervention has the beneficial effect on the inflammatory factors, negative emotions and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28291 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28291/7717

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2048 2059 EN Masroor Babar The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan Akhtar Ali Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Syed Abbas Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Mirza Hasnain Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Nida Babar Resident Histopathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Hira Babar Resident Hematology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Tanveer Hussain Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Asif Nadeem Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Namra Ayub Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Sundus Shahid Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Muhammad Pervez Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan 2021 03 24 2021 07 18 Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) belongs to pigmentary retinopathies, a generic name for all retinal dystrophies with a major phenotypical and genotypical variation, characterized by progressive reduction of photoreceptor functionality of the rod and cone. Global prevalence of RP is ~ 1/4000 and it can be inherited as autosomal dominant (adRP), autosomal recessive (arRP) or X- linked (xlRP). We designed this study to identify causative mutations in Pakistani families affected with arRP. Methods: In 2019, we recruited two unrelated Pakistani consanguineous families affected with progressive vision loss and night blindness from Punjab region. Clinical diagnosis confirmed the; bone spicule pigmentation of the retina, and an altered electroretinogram (EGR) response. Proband and healthy individual from each family were subjected for whole-exome sequencing (WES).  Various computational tools were used to analyze the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data and to predict the pathogenicity of the identified mutations. Results: WES data analysis highlighted two missense homozygous variants at position c.T1405A (p.S469T) in PLCE1 and c.T11C (p.V4A) in HPS1 genes in proband of both families. Healthy individuals of two families were tested negative for p.S469T and p.V4A mutations. The variant analysis study including molecular dynamic simulations predicted mutations as disease causing.  Conclusion: Compound effect of mutations in rarely linked PLCE1 and HPS1 genes could also cause RP. This study highlights the potential application of WES for a rapid and precise molecular diagnosis for heterogeneous genetic diseases such as RP. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24223 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24223/7718

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2060 2068 Wei Guofang Rainbow Fish College of Rehabilitation Nursing, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China 2022 06 14 2022 09 04 Background: During rehabilitation, patients with limb fracture should receive physical and psychological nursing. The study aimed to explore the intervention effect of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior on the physical and psychological health of patients with limb fracture. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients with limb fracture who underwent orthopedic treatment in three hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China from 2021-2022. In total, 118 volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into intervention (n = 60) and control (n = 58) group. The control group received routine treatment and nursing of limb fracture, whereas the intervention group received nursing intervention under the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the effect of nursing intervention under the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. Results: The intervention group had significantly lower SDS, SAS, AIS, and VAS scores than the control group (P < 0.001) and significantly higher differences before and after treatment than the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior can effectively improve the physical and psychological health of patients with limb fracture. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29039 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29039/7719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2069 2077 Kyue-Nam Park Department of Physical Therapy, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeonrabuk-do, South Korea Si-Hyun Kim Department of Physical Therapy, Sangji University, Wonju-si, South Korea 2021 02 16 2021 07 10 Background: A slouched lumbar posture during sitting is risk factor for the low back pain (LBP). Various chairs have been used to maintain sagittal lumbar lordosis and sacral alignment during sitting. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of a pelvic-support chair on the lumbar lordosis and sacral tilt in patients with LBP. Methods: We recruited 29 patients with non-specific LBP and 11 healthy subjects in South Korea from Apr 2017 to Mar 2018. The sagittal lumbosacral alignment was examined radiographically in three sitting postures: usual, erect, and sitting in a pelvic-support chair. Five angles [the lumbar lordosis, upper lumbar (ULA), lower lumbar (LLA), lumbosacral (LSA), and sacral slope (SS) angles] were compared between the subjects with LBP and healthy subjects in the three sitting conditions. Results: There were significant differences in the lumbar lordosis, ULA, LLA, LSA, and SS according to sitting condition (P<.05). All five angles were significantly greater when participants sat erect or in a pelvic-support chair than in their usual sitting position (P<.05). ULA and SS were significantly greater when sitting erect than in a pelvic-support chair (P<.05). LLA was significantly greater in controls than in patients with LBP (P=.042). Conclusion: The sagittal alignment of the lumbosacral region differed significantly among usual, erect, and pelvic-support chair sitting in patients with LBP and controls. Decreased lordotic curve of the lumbar spine in the usual sitting position can be changed in both patients with LBP and healthy subjects by sitting with pelvic support chair. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23889 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23889/7720

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2078 2088 Xuan Zhong 1. Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China 2. School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China Hui Wang Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China Chun Chen Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China Xiaoni Zou Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 510010, China Tiegang Li Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission, Guangzhou 510062, China 2021 01 13 2021 07 01 Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) reinfection is common because of the limited cross-protection from infections of different enterovirus. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and its influential factors of HFMD reinfection in Guangzhou, China. Methods: Data on HFMD patients aged ≤5 yr from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from surveillance system. Influential factors of reinfection were assessed using the logistic regression model. Results: Of 369,054 HFMD patients, 11,321 patients (3.07%) were classified as reinfection. The reinfection rate in male was higher than in female (χ2=60.11, P<0.001). The reinfection rate in patients ≤1 yr was 3.86%, which showed a downward trend with age (Z=37.37, Ptrend<0.001). The highest reinfection rate was observed in the scattered children (3.38%), followed by nursery care children and others (χ2=514.75, P<0.001). Besides, higher risk of reinfection was detected among those who were male, lower age group, rural residence and other enteroviruses infection compared with their respective counterparts. Seasonality was illustrated according to the number of reinfections peaked from April to July. Time intervals curves revealed the number of reinfections gradually increased after 13 months from the initial infection. Conclusion: Male ≤4 yr, living rural area, especially those lived scattered and infected with other enteroviruses were more likely to be reinfection. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23480 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23480/7721

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2089 2098 EN Moon-Ju Jeon Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea Jae-Hyun Kim Department of Health Administration, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea Sung-Man Bae 1. Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea 2021 01 19 2021 06 23 Background: The aim of this study was to reveal the longitudinal associations of health status (HS) and Self-rated Health (SRH) on mortality. Methods: Data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used in this study. The baseline data (2006) included 10,239 participants. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to verify the hypothesis. Results: The mortality was high when the health status was Bad and higher when the SRH was Bad. The HS‑Bad–SRH‑Bad group had the highest mortality. Middle-aged people with diseases had higher mortality than older people who perceived themselves as in Bad health. For older people, mortality was high for SRH‑Bad people of all health statuses. Conclusion: The results predict a high rate of mortality for middle-aged and older people with a combination of HS‑Bad and SRH‑Bad, with SRH being relatively more influential in mortality. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23531 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23531/7722

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2099 2107 Xue Bai School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China Wenjun Liu School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China Hui Huang Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of CM, Nanjing 210029, China Huan You School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 2021 03 05 2021 06 23 Background: Hypertension is the main reason why the incidence of cardiovascular disease has increased year-by-year and early diagnosis of hypertension is necessary to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. This also puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of diagnosis. We tried a variety of feature selection methods to improve the accuracy of logistic regression (LR). Methods: We collected 397 samples from Nanjing, Jiangsu, China between Jan 2016 and Dec 2017, including 178 hypertension samples and 219 control samples. It includes not only clinical and laboratory data, but also imaging data. We focused on the difference of imaging attributes between the control group and the hypertension group, and analyzed the correlation coefficients of all attributes. In order to establish the optimal LR model, this study tried three different feature selection methods, including statistical analysis, random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and accuracy were used as the main criterion for model evaluation. Results: In the prediction of hypertension, the performance of LR with RF as the feature selection method (accuracy: 0.910; AUC: 0.924) was better than the performance of LR with XGBoost as the feature selection method (accuracy: 0.897; AUC: 0.915) and the performance of LR with statistical analysis as the feature selection method (accuracy: 0.872; AUC: 0.926). Conclusion: LR with RF as the feature selection method may provide accurate results in predicting hypertension. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity at the end of systole (ESPWV) are two key imaging indicators in the prediction of hypertension. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24077 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24077/7723

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2108 2116 Nahid Askari Tajabadi 1. Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Hamid Pakmanesh Department of Urology, Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Moghaddameh Mirzaee 1. Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Yunes Jahani 1. Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2021 04 16 2021 06 23 Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in men. This study was carried out to determine effective factors on the survival rate of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in Kerman, Iran. Methods: The present study was conducted as a retrospective cohort of 238 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2011 to 2019 in Kerman, Iran. First, the demographic and clinical information of patients were collected. Then, the information on patient survival up to June 2019 was tracked, and their latest statuses of death or survival were recorded. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Bayesian Weibull parametric accelerated failure- time model were used for data analysis. Data analysis was carried out by Stata and SAS. Results: The mean age of patients in the diagnosis was 73.28±10.08 year. The patient’s 1, 2, 3 and 5-years of overall survival rates were equal to 78.54%, 65.97%, 56.64% and 49.30, respectively. Patients under surgical therapy relatively held longer survival times compared to the rest of the therapies. Patients under chemotherapy had shorter survival times. Age at diagnosis, occupation, chemotherapy, surgery, education, and smoking variables significantly affected patients’ survival (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients' survival duration increases if the disease is diagnosed at younger ages and its preliminary development stages. Smoking cessation is strongly recommended after diagnosis, as it is associated with a lower survival rate. Patients who underwent radical prostatectomy surgery showed higher survival rates than radiotherapy, hormone ablation, or chemotherapy. Moreover, patients with higher education had more prolonged survival. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24604 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24604/7724

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2117 2127 Xiangtao Yu Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China Dianjun Liu Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China Lin Wang Department of Pharmacy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China Liguo Wang Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China 2021 02 21 2021 08 16 Background: Non-coding RNA played one pivotal role in NSCLC in terms of pathogenesis and progression. We aimed to determine the LncRNA, which can be one new potential target for NSCLC treatment and its possible mechanisms from Jan 2017 to Aug 2020. Methods: Gene LOC285758, which produced new cells in tumor cellular system, was knocked out. Its specific effects were tested in terms of cellular phenotype. LOC285758 was chosen to target for miRNA as well as downstream mRNA targeted by miRNA, which verified the combination predicted before. Specific impacts brought from miRNA on NSCLC cells were examined. At last, dynamic impacts produced through miRNA and LOC285758 on mRNA expression and NSCLC cellular phenotype were examined. Results: LOC285758 expression was up-regulated in tissues and cells from NSCLC. Knocking out gene LOC285758 could repress cellular survival and migration of A549 and H292 cells. miRNA-204 was repressed via LOC285758 targeting. miRNA-204 over-expressing repressed invasion ability of NSCLC cells and CDK6 targeted by miRNA-204. CDK6 knocking out suppressed survival and migration of NSCLC cells. The influence brought from gene LOC285758 knocking out could be reversed through suppressing miRNA-204, causing up-regulated CDK6 as well as LOC285758 expression in NSCLC tissues. miRNA-204 was negatively correlated with CDK6 as well as LOC285758, respectively. Nonetheless, CDK6 possessed the positive relationship with LOC285758. Conclusion: An axis of lncRNA LOC285758/miRNA-204/CDK6 can modulate NSCLC cells in terms of migration as well as survival.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23953 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23953/7725

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2128 2134 EN Arzu Altunçekiç Yıldırım Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey Ahmet Doğan 2. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ordu State Hospital, Ordu, Turkey Celali Kurt Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey Yeliz Çetinkol Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey 2021 10 04 2022 06 10 Background: Rabies disease is zoonotic disease-causing encephalitis and resulting in death. It is possible to prevent the disease with suitable prophylaxis approaches. This study examined the compliance of post-exposure prophylaxis approaches with the guidelines and the reasons for non-compliance in contact cases at risk of rabies. Methods: This retrospective cross-