Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2055 2062 Jongsoon Won Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea Hyungsub Kim Department of Paramedicine, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea Hyeongyeong Yoon Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea 2023 06 21 2023 09 30 Background: Suicide rate in South Korea is the highest among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. Particularly it is a major public health concern among adolescents. We investigated the factors affecting suicidal ideation among female Korean adolescents who had experienced sexual intercourse. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis using the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted using a complex sampling design in 2022. A complex sample multiple logistic regression was performed to analyze data of 1,166 female students who had experienced sexual intercourse. Results: Among the general characteristics, significant differences in suicidal ideation depending on grade, household income, living with family, academic achievement, and allergic dermatitis were observed (P<0.05). Additionally, the factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation were contraceptive use, mental health (generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and stress), current smoking, drinking, insufficient sleep, and insufficient breakfast consumption (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors affecting suicidal ideation were generalized anxiety disorder, perceived stress, loneliness, depressive symptom, and smartphone addiction. Conclusion: For female adolescents with sexual experience, negative mental health and smartphone addiction needed to be managed to reduce suicidal ideation. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32402 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32402/8052

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 29 2025 2035 Chiqiong Liu School of Medical, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, 421005, China Fengying He School of Medical, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, 421005, China 2023 06 29 2023 08 16 Background: Preventive care can support and direct the nurse's efforts to deliver an asthma intervention for children as part of nursing interventions. Despite the significance, there have been few meta studies demonstrating the effectiveness of nursing interventions for the treatment of childhood asthma that includes only randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Therefore, this meta study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of nursing care interventions for the management of childhood asthma. Methods: STATA 14.2 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) was used to conduct the meta-analysis. From 1964 to July 2022, we searched Medline, the Cochrane library, EMBASE, Scopus Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Depending on the type of outcome, a meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, pooled weight mean difference (WMD), standardised mean difference (SMD), and/or risk ratio (RR) with stated 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs). PRISMA guidelines were followed for conducing this study. Results: Nine studies were analysed in total. The pooled RR for emergency visits was 0.49 (95%CI: 0.32 to 0.77), for hospitalizations was 0.64 (95%CI: 0.21 to 1.89). The pooled SMD for frequency of asthma attacks was -2.88 (95%CI: -3.22 to -2.54), quality of life was 0.49 (95%CI: 0.22 to 0.75) and asthma control was 1.25 (95%CI: -0.77 to 3.28). Conclusion: Paediatric asthma patients who received nursing interventions reported an improved quality of life and a decrease in emergencies and acute attacks due to asthma. Future RCTs should focus on uncovering the short- and long-term effects of these nursing interventions to provide optimal management and care. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32503 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32503/8049

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2225 2227 Hyun-Na Ahn Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea Eun-Young Jeon Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyung-Bok University, Namyangju, South Korea Sa-Beom Park Center of Biohealth Convergence and Open Sharing System, Hongik University, Seoul, South Korea Jong-Tae Park Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Dan-kook University, Cheonan, South Korea 2022 06 15 2022 09 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29051 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29051/8072

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2063 2072 EN Daren Zhao Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China 2022 08 31 2022 12 21 Background: Syphilis remains a major public health concern in China. We aimed to construct an optimum model to forecast syphilis epidemic trends and provide effective precautionary measures for prevention and control. Methods: Data on the incidence of syphilis between 1982 and 2020 were obtained from the China Health Statistics Yearbook. An exponential smoothing model (ES model) and a BP neural network model were constructed, and on this basis, the ES-BP combination model was created. The prediction performance was assessed to compare the MAE (Mean Absolute Error), MSE (Mean Squared Error), MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error), and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). Results: The optimum ES model was Brown’s linear trend model, which had the lowest MAE and MAPE values, and its residual was a white noise sequence (P=0.359). The optimum BP neural network model had three layers with the number of nodes in the input, hidden, and output layers set to 5, 11, and 1, and the mean values of MAE, MSE, and RMSE by five-fold cross-validation were 1.519, 6.894, and 1.969, respectively. The ES-BP combination model had three layers, with model nodes 1, 4, and 1. The lowest mean values of MAE, MSE, and RMSE obtained by five-fold cross-validation were 1.265, 5.739, and 2.105, respectively. Conclusion: The ES, BP neural network, and ES-BP combination models can be used to predict syphilis incidence, but the prediction performance of the ES-BP combination model is better than that of a basic ES model and a basic BP neural network model. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29686 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29686/8053

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2036 2041 Serpil Duran Faculty of Nursing, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus Gülşen Vural Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey 2022 10 27 2023 06 19 Cesarean delivery rates have been increasing which leads to a rise the problems experienced. After cesarean deliveries important problems for the mother and baby may be seen. The most common problems in the mothers after cesarean delivery are; bleeding, infection, fatigue, sleep disorders, breast problems, self-care issues, and sense of inadequacy in care of the newborn. The method used in this study was narrative review. A literature review was conducted by searching the materials published in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar search engine and, the WHO website. Pain, maternal death, breastfeeding problems, worsened sleep quality and comfort, anxiety, delayed recovery, prolonged hospitalization and infection rates in the cesarean deliveries are higher than in vaginal deliveries. Nurses can facilitate adaptation to the role of motherhood and prevent risky situations by evaluating mothers’ care needs and providing proper interventions and support. Nurses should not only focus on the physical care needs of the mother and baby; they should also ensure the physical and psycho-social adaptation of family members in the face of role changes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30233 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30233/8050

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2228 2229 EN Fatemeh Amiri Department of Radiology and Nuclear Meadicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Amir Shiani Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Maryam Mirzaei Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2022 06 03 2022 07 31 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28939 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28939/8073

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2073 2082 Sudhakar Vundavalli Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia Alwaleed Bader R Alarjan Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia Radhika Doppalapudi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia Namdeo Prabhu Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia Rakhi Issrani Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia Naif Abdulrahman Aljunaydi Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia Muhammad Nadeem Baig Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia 2022 05 15 2022 11 19 Background: Cigarette smoking has been identified as most perilous risk factor for several health ailments. Increased price may discourage smoking habits. There is limited literature available on impact of price rise on smoking behaviors in Saudi Arabia, which is the fourth largest importer of cigarettes and this study assessed the impact of tax increase (in 2020) on smoking behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between July 2021 and December 2021.i.e.one year after new value added tax (VAT) system came into force. Data was collected with 14-item pretested questionnaire from 721 adult smokers in Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia selected through stratified cluster ransom sampling. We measured effects of tax increase on smoking behaviors, its impact on decision to quit and perceived health improvements as outcome variables. Results: Nearly 40% of the respondents said that increased price lead them to smoke less number of cigarettes per day (P=0.000), decreased smoking improved their health in terms of breathing capacity, mood, ability to exercise and sleep in hierarchy. 67.4% of the participants are currently thinking of quitting smoking due to increased prices (P=0.001) and logistic regression models identified reduced smoking due to tax rise (Odds=5.68), improvement in health (Odds=2.94) and excess spending of above 20% (Odds=1.72) significantly associated with intentions to quit smoking. Conclusion: Increased price of cigarettes due to VAT significantly decreased smoking behaviors and has impact on smokers’ decision to quit smoking. Future studies needed to assess the long-term effect of increased tax on smoking behaviors and its relapse. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28757 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28757/8054

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2042 2054 Hossein Akbari Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mahla Mohammadi Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Abolfazl Husseini Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2022 08 23 2023 09 30 Background: Stigma is a sociological concept that is important in medicine and health because it threatens health as much as the disease itself. We aimed to explore the causes, stigmatizers, consequences and coping strategies related to the stigma of diseases by systematically analyzing relevant literature. Methods: This systematic review examined 65 articles on Disease-Related Stigma by searching Noormags, Magiran, SID, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. The articles were published in Persian and English between 2001 and 2022 and conducted in Iran. We used a three-step systematic review process to select articles that met the research criteria. Results: Conflict in society, lack of knowledge, specific characteristics of the disease, and the contagious nature of disease are the main causes of stigma, leading to stigmatization by different groups such as significant others, generalized others, institutional others, and macro others. Patients experiencing stigma face various psychological, physical, and social complications, and they may use concealment as a coping strategy, which can pose a potential threat to society's general health. Conclusion: By knowing the causes and stigmatizers of disease-related, it is possible to reduce stigma with less cost and time. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29633 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29633/8051

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2230 2231 Jin-Wook Jeon Department of Sports Science, HwaSung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea Ji-Hoon Cho Department of Exercise Prescription, Dongshin University, Naju, Republic of Korea 2023 02 09 2023 08 09 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31180 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31180/8074

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2083 2089 Lana Mahrous Department of Basic Health Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Ri-yadh, Saudi Arabia Nada Benajiba Régional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/AIEA, Ibn Tofail University-CNESTEN, Rabat-Kénitra, Morocco Elizabeth Dodge College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, ME 04103, USA Anoud N. Bakri College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Applied Nutrition Graduate Program, Boston, USA Ghadir Salsa Brownsville Regional Campus, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, USA Enmanuel Chavarria Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA Basil H. Aboul-Enein Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 2022 07 03 2022 11 12 Background: The Syrian Arab Republic (SAR) is experiencing high rates of malnutrition. While many adults experience overweight and obesity, as a direct result of the continuing conflict, SAR is also noted as one of the most food-insecure regions in the Arab world. To combat the health impacts and outcomes related to diet and dietary behaviors, trained nutrition professionals are needed. We aimed to examine current nutrition-affiliated programs offered in post-secondary institutions in the SAR. Methods: The search was conducted between Jan and Feb 2021. An electronic review of universities and colleges’ websites, department webpages, and academic programs’ homepages and resources of all the private and public universities in SAR was conducted to find programs related to nutrition, nutrition sciences, and dietetics. Results: Only 13%, or 4 out of 30 SAR colleges and universities had bachelor’s programs in nutrition or nutrition science, and none had nutrition programs at the graduate or terminal degree levels. Conclusion: A pathway for integration of graduates from nutrition sciences into the healthcare and public health workforce should be defined and an understanding of the value of those with a degree in nutrition should be cultivated in clinical and community care settings. Partnering with existing or creating independent organizations charged with defining the scope of practice and ensuring educational quality and competence of graduating students, as well as readiness to practice as part of a healthcare team or in a public health nutrition role will be integral to moving the nutrition profession forward in the SAR. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29190 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29190/8055

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2232 2233 Niloofar Etemadi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Romina Habibi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Samadnezhad Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Alishvandi Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Gilan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Arina Attaran Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2022 05 01 2022 09 13 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28606 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28606/8075

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2090 2098 Kyounglee Kim Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea Byung-Ro Seo Korea Department of Global MICE, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea 2023 06 02 2023 08 12 Background: The three-year the pandemic has increased the preference for "safer and healthier" medical tourism destinations at a global level. Busan in South Korea aims to increase its competitiveness as a "medical city" destination. This study aimed to explore the best marketing strategies designed based on country-specific attraction model. Methods: We collected data from surveys with 10 participants of a focus group from the medical tourism field in Busan and 352 participants of doctors, stakeholders, and moderators working in the medical tourism field in Nov and Dec 2022 to investigate key success factors for the medical tourism in Busan. Results: The interview identified key target countries and effective strategies such as ease of visa acquisition, non-face-to-face care, insurance billing systems, foreign language expertise, win-win systems for agencies and healthcare organizations, and international accessibility. When participants were asked about their country-specific attraction for patients, they ranked healthcare quality and tourism resources as both important and satisfactory. Although cultural environment, economic support, and administrative support were ranked important, they were less satisfactory. For Japanese patients, the infrastructure showed high levels of importance and satisfaction. Conclusion: This study identified specific items for a new model of patient attraction customized to target countries. This model was based on cultural background and preferences of each target country. Strategies are needed to strengthen the cultural environment and administrative support. Results of this study can be used to promote medical cities through target specific policies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/32182 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/32182/8056

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2099 2108 Yanpeng Wang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China Yinzhen Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China Changwei Zhao Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China Wenjun Cai Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130399, China ZhengYan Wang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China Wenhai Zhao Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China 2023 03 31 2023 06 02 Background: Sedentary behavior and physical activity are still ambiguous in their effects on osteoarthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on osteoarthritis to provide a reference for the prevention of osteoarthritis. Methods: This study was conducted in Changchun, China in 2022. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization with the SNP as an instrumental variable to investigate the effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on osteoarthritis. In addition, a two-step Mendelian randomization method was used to test whether mediating factors (BMI, smoking, Apolipoprotein B) were involved in mediating the effects of exposure factors on osteoarthritis. Results: TV watching was causally related to knee osteoarthritis and spine osteoarthritis, and they were positively correlated (knee osteoarthritis: OR=1.162,95 %CI: 1.027-1.315, P=0.017; spine osteoarthritis: OR=1.208,95 %CI: 1.033-1.413, P=0.018). BMI played a mediating role in the process of TV watching with knee osteoarthritis and spine osteoarthritis. ((The proportion of BMI mediating effect: knee osteoarthritis: 47.1% (95% CI: 36.7%~63.2%); spine osteoarthritis: 29.5% (95% CI: 19.3%~40.8%)). The proportion of Smoking mediating effect in the process of TV watching with spine osteoarthritis was 16.1% (95% CI: 3.7% ~ 31.6%). Conclusion: TV watching is a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis and plays a role through modifiable factors such as BMI and smoking, therefore, interventions on these factors have the potential to reduce the burden of osteoarthritis caused by longer TV watching times. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31595 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31595/8057

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2109 2116 EN Lucia Mazúchová Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia Mária Murínová Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakiaa Simona Kelčíková Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakiaa Erika Maskálová Department of Midwifery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakiaa Nora Malinovská Department of Foreign Languages, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia 2021 10 07 2022 09 15 Background: Assessment of quality of life (QoL) during pregnancy can be a starting point for streamlining and promoting the humanization of evidence-based healthcare. We aimed to determine the life quality in pregnant women and its predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women from Slovakia from March 2020 to January 2021. A method of purposive sampling was used. The research sample consisted of 393 women (age 29.11±4.65) with physiological pregnancy. Questionnaire method was used. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of a set of questions focused on identification items, which also represented the investigated predictors. The second part was the standardized questionnaire “Quality Of Life-Gravidity Questionnaire“(QOL-GRAV), with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.74. The received data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The average life quality score was 18.79±5.04, which oscillates at the level of very good life quality. The lower life quality was recorded in connection with physical changes, satisfaction with social life, concerns about childbirth management failure and a need for physical activity reduction. Education (P=0.008), course of pregnancy (P=0.001), support from healthcare professionals (P=0.003) and concerns about COVID-19 (P=0.001) were the predictors of life quality. Conclusion: The proven significant predictors of life quality of pregnant women have shown that healthcare professionals should pay increased attention to the pregnant women with higher education and with problematic pregnancy, positively support and motivate pregnant women and be even more attentivedue to the current COVID-19 pandemic. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26507 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26507/8059

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 10 2023 09 30 2117 2127 Deshuai Ren Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Xiaoyu Zhuang Hospital Chief Office, Tailai People's Hospital, Qiqihar 161000, China Yanxin Lv Basic Medicine Department, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China Yun Zhang Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Jiazhi Xu Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Fengquan Gao Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Dagang Chen Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 162400, China Yu Wang Basic Medicine Department, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China 2023 05 10 2023 09 30 Background: Gliomas are the most frequent and dangerous primary cerebral tumors. Therefore, there is a need to develop molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment for glioma. Methods: In September 2020, we retrieved the expression matrix of glioblastoma (GBM) sufferers and pertinent clinical data from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Prognostic differences between various families with sequence similarity 110 member C (FAM110C) expression groups were assessed by Kaplan-Meier with log-rank testversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pedram Rastegari Department of Health, Safety and Environmental, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Noradin Gharari Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 06 28 2023 11 28 Background: Working in hot environments can cause diseases and reduce performance by upsetting the balance of physiological parameters of workers' bodies. Bakers are among the people exposed to heat stress continuously and daily. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on bakers. Methods: In this review study, the related articles based on keywords were reviewed using “IranMedex”, “Science Direct”, “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Web of Science”, “SID”, “Google Scholar”, and “Magiran” databases from the years 2000 to 2021. The used search terms were "Heat stress", "Heat strain", "Heat exposure", "Heat waves", "Workplace", "Baker", and "health effects". In order to extract the required data, all parts of the articles have been reviewed. Results: Out of the 16 studies reviewed in this study, 43.75% were cross-sectional, 25% were descriptive cross-sectional, and 31.25% were performed according to other study designs. In all of the studies, the WBGT index was used to assess ambient heat stress. In most studies, the mean exposure temperature was higher than the WBGT-ACGIH limit, especially among traditional bakery workers. The findings showed that exposure to thermal stress significantly affects some hematological parameters of blood, oxidative stress, heart rate, and body temperature. Conclusion: The situation of heat stress in the bakery environment is worrying in terms of health and reduced productivity of employees. Therefore, it is essential to take the necessary preventive and control measures to reduce heat stress and the resulting strain. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29132 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29132/8106

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2601 2610 Zhengpeng Yang Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Hao Wu Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Defu Dai Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Yufeng Yuan Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China Xueqian Shao Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161002, China 2023 05 09 2023 08 12 Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common cancer happened in gastrointestinal tract, with the overall incidence rate of 4%-5% among human beings. Like most malignancies, we uncovered the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer yet. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecules that can be used as diagnostic maker at early stage. In addition, we also need to define the essential factors that related to the prognosis and treatment of the colon carcinoma. Methods: The study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China in September 2020. The R language was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the diagnostic markers for COAD. The machine learning strategy was used to assess the effectiveness of genes in the diagnosis of COAD. The molecular mechanism and prognostic value of genes were explored by bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments. Results: The expression level of heat shock factor 4 (HSF4) was significantly elevated in COAD patients (P=1.89×10-29), according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, survival analysis showed the higher expression level of the HSF4 was correlated with the poor prognosis in COAD. Conclusion: The HSF4 was the target gene of zinc finger protein 692(ZNF692). HSF4 might promote the progression of COAD through the apoptosis pathway. It was diagnostic and prognosis maker of COAD. Furthermore, the upstream gene of HSF4, ZNF692, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating HSF4 expression. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31971 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31971/8113

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2541 2553 Bahareh Shateri Amiri Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran Neda Sabernia Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behdokht Abouali Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Parya Amini Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran Hadi Rezaeeyan Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran 2023 02 01 2023 05 08 Various factors are effective in the development of minimal residual disease (MRD), one of which is MicroRNAsmiRNAs miRNAs and their dysfunction in gene expression have influential role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Nowadays, treatments that lead to the suppression or replacement of miRNAs have been developed. Focusing on the role of miRNAs in managing the treatment of leukemia, in this review article we have investigated the miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in the process of apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as miRNAs with oncogenic function in malignant leukemia cells. Among the studied miRNAs, miR-99a, and miR-181a play an essential role in apoptosis, proliferation and oncogenesis via AKT, MAPK, RAS, and mTOR signaling pathways. miR-223 and miR-125a affect apoptosis and oncogenesis via Wnt/B-catenin, PTEN/PI3K, and STAT5/AKT/ERK/Src signaling pathways. miR-100 also affects both apoptosis and oncogenesis; it acts via IGF1 and mTOR signaling pathways. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31111 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31111/8107

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2611 2620 Hande Bakırhan Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaras Istiklal University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Serap İncedal Irgat Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 2022 11 15 2023 01 15 Background: Dietary pattern may be one of the determinants of cardiovascular health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between a heart-healthy diet, the phytochemical content of a diet, and Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Methods: This study was conducted with healthy volunteers (n=1446) from Turkey between August 2022 and September 2022. As risk assessment systems to determine CVD risks, SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) and ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) were used. We utilized MEDFICTS (Meats, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, Fat in Baked Goods, Convenience Foods, Fats Added at the Table, and Snacks) to establish the suitability of the current diet for heart health, and MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) to examine the Mediterranean diet characteristics of the current diet. The phytochemical content of the diet was determined using the Phytochemical Index method developed by McCarty. Results: The lifetime and 10-year risk scores of SCORE and ASCVD were positively correlated with the MEDFICTS score (r=0.12, P<0.001; r=0.06, P=0.020; r=0.10, P=0.001, respectively). Mediterranean diet characteristics were correlated with lower CVD risk as per the SCORE categories (r=-0.07, P=0.009). A one-unit increase in MEDFICTS scores increased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 1.01 times, while a one-unit increase in the Mediterranean diet score decreased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 0.91 times and 0.95 times, respectively. In addition, high values of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and neck circumference were associated with higher CVD risk (P<0.001). Conclusion: Adopting a Mediterranean diet and a heart-healthy diet may be a good strategy to reduce CVD risks. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30393 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30393/8114

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2621 2629 EN Akram Sadat Ahmadi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nazanin Zahra Shafiei–Jandaghi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kaveh Sadeghi Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Nejati Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sevrin Zadheidar Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Talat Mokhtari-Azad Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jila Yavarian 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 28 2023 08 13 Background: Whole viral genome sequencing with next generation sequencing (NGS) technique is useful tool for determining the diversity of variants and mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). In this study we have attempted to characterize the mutations and circulating variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran in 2021. Methods: We performed complete genome sequencing of 15 SARS-CoV-2 detected from 15 COVID-19 patients during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic with NGS. Three groups of the patients at the beginning, middle and the end of the 4th wave were compared together. Results: We detected alpha and delta variants during the 4th wave of the pandemic. The results illustrated a dominance of amino acid substitution D614G in spike, and the most frequent mutants were N­-R203K, G204R, S235F, nsp12-P323L, nsp6-G106del, G107del and F108del. Conclusion: The detection of the virus mutations is a useful procedure for identifying the virus behavior and its genetic evolution in order to improve the efficacy of the monitoring strategies and therapeutic measures. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30768 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30768/8115

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2630 2642 EN Fatemeh Suri Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdullah Biginaloo School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mehdi Ghadimi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Hossein Dehghan Banadaki Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Hassan Paylakhi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 06 28 2022 09 29 Background: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a superfamily of extracellular proteinases found in both mammals and invertebrates. Although there is some evidence about the role of ADAMTSs in ocular diseases such as glaucoma and ectopia lentis, but there is little information about the expression patterns of ADAMTS-1-20 and ADAMTS-like (ADAMTSL-1-6 and PAPLN) genes in human ocular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiling of ADAMTS(L) superfamily of genes in different ocular tissues based on age. Methods: In 2019, nine human donated eye globes were provided from the Central Eye Bank of Iran, and were divided into three different groups based on age (under 3 yr old, between 20 to 50 and upper 50 yr old). To assess expression patterns of ADAMTS(L) genes in different ocular tissues including trabecular meshwork, lens, retinal pigment epithelium, macula, and optic nerve in the three age groups, total RNA was extracted from the tissues and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by Real-time PCR was performed. Results: We demonstrated not only each member of ADAMTS(L) superfamily shows different expression pattern between the five investigated ocular tissues, but also some members have differential expressions among the investigated age groups in same tissues. Conclusion: Differential expression of ADAMTS(L) genes in ocular tissues from different age groups could explain some functional aspects of the tissues and also may be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for ocular diseases and pathologies. Further studies are required to explore their functional roles associated with ocular pathologies.ADAMTS Proteins https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25392 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25392/8116

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2643 2650 Elham Khatooni Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Ahmadnezhad National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Olyaee Manesh National Institute of Health Research, Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Majdzadeh 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center and Community-Based Participatory Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Interdisciplinary Research and Practice Division, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK 2021 07 31 2022 07 16 Background: In May 2014, the Iranian government announced it would cover all uninsured Iranians. Despite free-of-charge insurance, the studies found that the coverage still needed to be completed (93%). This study aimed to understand why certain population groups remain without insurance despite the accessibility of free-of-charge coverage. This issue is not unique to Iran; it is prevalent in many other countries where, despite free coverage, not all individuals avail themselves of it, thereby exposing themselves to risks. Methods: In a matched case-control study, 89 non-insured patients were compared with 178 hospital-based controls with health insurance (2:1). The samples were recruited at one of the leading public hospitals in the country (Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran) in 2019. Two insured controls were selected and matched for age (± five years) and sex for each person without insurance. A conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the magnitude of effects and the goodness of fit test used to examine the model. Results: Unemployment (Odds Ratio (OR)=8.33, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.05-50.0), being single (OR=3.69, CI: 1.18-11.55), low economic status (OR=1.85, CI: 1.02-3.33) and attitude towards performance of health insurance (OR=0.86, CI: 0.75-0.99) were affected not having health insurance. Conclusion: Approaches that cover the entire population may struggle to ensure no one is left without needed services. There is a need for greater focus on vulnerable groups to achieve universal health coverage conscientiously. Moreover, improved services and education can positively shape public perceptions of insurance efficacy, affecting their enrollment choices.Health sector reform https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25738 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25738/8117

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2651 2662 Mahshid Malakootian Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Gholipour Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maziar Oveisee Orthopedics Department, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran 2022 11 08 2023 03 29 Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the principal causes of chronic joint disease and may progressively engender disability in elderly individuals. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and associated signaling pathways in end-stage osteoarthritis. Methods: Differentially expressed messenger RNAs in the early and end stages of osteoarthritis were examined through gene expression omnibus 2R (GEO2R) in the GSE32317 dataset. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted. Furthermore, microRNAs targeting hub genes were investigated using the miRcode database. This study was conducted jointly at Bam University of Medical Sciences and Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center on October 2022. Results: Differentially expressed data demonstrated downregulation in 134 genes and upregulation in 189 genes in end-stage knee osteoarthritis. The results of the enrichment and PPI analyses determined 4 end-stage knee osteoarthritis-related hub genes: IL-1B, CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1. The knee osteoarthritis-related key genes were involved in the Wnt signaling, B cell receptor signaling, calcium signaling, circadian entrainment, arginine and proline metabolism, axon guidance, and cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways. Additionally, the microRNAs targeting the 4 aforementioned genes were predicted. Conclusion: The present study is the first to provide fresh insights into the potential therapeutic targets of key genes, namely CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1, differentially expressed in end-stage osteoarthritis and their relevant signaling pathways and interactive microRNAs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30334 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30334/8118

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2663 2672 Majid Jalili Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Farzad Nazem Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Arian Qaragozlou Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran 2021 10 28 2022 10 01 Background: Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of overall health and is considered a key physiological measure in health care settings. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is considered the gold standard for measuring CRF. Non-exercise VO2max regression equations provide a safe, simple and relatively accurate means of measuring CRF in the general population. This study aimed to develop first native regression equations to predict of CRF without exercise test in Iranian healthy boys. Methods: Laboratory gold standard CRF and anthropometric variables were measured in 597 healthy boys (8-17 yr) in Hmadan City, Iran in 2019. Multiple regression analysis was used to generate CRF regression equations. Cross validation of the CRF regression equations was assessed using PRESS statistics, Pearson correlation, Bland-Althman plot and paired t-test. Results: CRF regression equations based on age, body mass index, body fat and resting heart rate were developed (R2=0.602 – 0.639, SEE = 3.42 – 3.73 ml/kg/min). PRESS statistics show that, shrinkage of the R2 (0.04 – 0.06) and the increment of SEE (0.18 – 0.25 ml/kg/min) is minor. There was strong correlation (R =0.847–0.883, P<0.001) and no significant difference (min diff= 0.09–0.18 ml/kg/min, P>0.05) between measured and predicted CRF. The Bland-Altman plot illustrates the strong agreement between the two values. Conclusion: We introduced simple and satisfactorily accurate CRF regression equations based in healthy boys. Prediction of CRF of the boys by regression equations would provide a simple tool for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in large studies including Iranian boys. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26711 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26711/8119

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2673 2685 Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Mazahery Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Batool Ahmadi Department of Health Care Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Kazemzadeh Atoofi Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Kompani Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nazila Rezaei Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran Universi-ty of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shirin Djalalinia Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2023 01 01 2023 04 26 Background: Recent evidence provides the facts behind the perceptions about women researchers participating in health research (HR). Women scientists as almost half of active researchers in HR fields have important and fundamental role. The present study aimed to analyses the situation of women participation in HR of Iran. Methods: The present study comprised three complementary phases intended to identify and analysis challenges and problems of women participation in health research in Iran (2021-22). Following a review phase, using the content analysis approach through semi-structured interviews data gathered from key stakeholders of health research. At final step, aimed to aggregate and conclude the main key findings, through an expert panel all of the results analyzed to clarify the main messages of the study, focus on reflection to the target group. Results: The results reveal considerable gender differences in research contribution between Iranian men and women. The need for legal infrastructure and support for the active participation of women in HR was the main extracted point of study. The need for transparent documentation and implementation of related research that demonstrates the necessary challenges and gaps was another major point. Conclusion: Findings may help illuminate policy makings to promote participation of women in the country research. The optimal management of HR require facilities can play an important role in improving the quality and quantity of health studies and achieving scientific competitive positions at the regional and global levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30804 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30804/8120

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2686 2694 Negin Esfandiari Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran Ehsan Mosa Farkhani Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Laleh Sharifi Uro-Oncology Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saied Bokaie Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2021 12 03 2022 09 02 Background: Despite the declining trend, salmonellosis is still an important preventable cause of death in Iran