Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 07 950 959 EN Le Thi Vui Department of Population and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi ,Vietnam Duong Minh Duc Department of Population and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi ,Vietnam Chu Thi Thuy Quynh Department of Population and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi ,Vietnam Duong Kim Tuan Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam Nguyen Mai Huong Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam Nguyen Thi Minh Thanh Department of Research Management and Cooperation, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam Nguyen Minh Hung Department of Science and Technology for Economic Branches, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Hoang Van Minh Department of Health Policy and Economics, Health Management Training Institute, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam Bui Thi Thu Ha Department of Population and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi ,Vietnam 2021 06 25 2022 03 02 Background: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are common behavioral syndromes but limited critical evidence in Vietnam. This study aimed to identify ante-, peri- and neonatal factors for ASDs amongst children in Vietnam. Methods: This population-based study applied the cross-sectional design with a multistage sampling in 21 urban and rural districts in seven cities/provinces in Vietnam during 2017-2018. Overall, 42,551 children age 18 to 30 months were enrolled in the study. Two phases of assessment using Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for screening and diagnostic assessment using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for confirmation. We employed univariate and binary logistic regression to identify. Results: Our study showed a fast-growing trend of ASDs amongst children age 18 and 30 months (75.8 per 10,000 individuals). Nine ante-, peri-, and neonatal factors were associated with ASDs: five factors of antenatal period (history of miscarriage/abortion or stillbirth, children conceived by assisted reproduction technologies, having cold, flu or acquiring virus during pregnancy, having gestational diabetes, toxemia, high blood pressure or pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, and having stress or mental disorders during pregnancy); one factors of perinatal period (mode of delivery); and three factors of neonatal period (jaundice, respiratory distress, and newborn seizures) Conclusion: This first large-scale survey in Vietnam confirms some prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors with ASDs amongst children age 18 and 30 months. Future interventions should focus on these factors to early diagnosis and intervention to improve functional outcomes for risky children. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25379 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25379/7929

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 07 870 879 Milena Corbic Department of Neurology, Agnes Karll Laatzen Hospital, Laatzen, Germany Jasmina Sretenovic Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Vladimir Zivkovic 1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Pharmacology, First Moscow State Medical University, University I.M. Sechenov, Moscow, Russia Vladimir Jakovljevic 1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University, University I.M. Sechenov, Moscow, Russia Tamara Nikolic Turnic 1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Public Health and Healthcare N. A. Semashko, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, First Moscow State Medical University, University I.M. Sechenov, Moscow, Russia 2022 01 12 2023 01 22 Background: Three selective and most used inhibitors of PDE-5- sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil- have been successfully used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases might be considered as two dissimilar clinical signs of the identical systemic disease. PDE-5 inhibitors can through different models and mechanisms induce vasodilation, decrease apoptosis and cell proliferation, and they are widely present in various tissues that make them promising targets in a range of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: PubMed was explored to identify papers published from 1990-2019, presenting data for the most used PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil or vardenafil) in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Results: This article analyses the therapeutic potentials of PDE-5 inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases and discusses mechanisms, possible risks and limitations. Comparable to earlier studies, newer studies suggest cardioprotective effects of PDE-5 inhibitors, which include different models and mechanisms and do not indicate an increased rate of significant cardiovascular adverse reactions. Dissimilarity in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PDE-5 inhibitors are significant to their risk- benefit profile and clinical use. Some of the studies suggesting infarct size reduction after PDE-5 inhibition described the especially close dose-effect relation, other studies dosage adaptation in drug- drug interactions. Conclusion: PDE-5 inhibitors indicate the encouraging useful effects by ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy and systolic and diastolic congestive heart failure. Therefore, this and similar reviews can help for additional clinical targeting in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27461 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27461/7923

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 08 1089 1091 Denis Niyazi Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Stephanie Radeva 1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria 2. Microbiology Laboratory, MHAT “St. Anna” – Varna, Bulgaria Milena Bozhkova 1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria 2. Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, UMHAT “St. Marina”- Varna, Bulgaria Dobromira Savova 1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria 2. Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, UMHAT “St. Marina”- Varna, Bulgaria Temenuga Stoeva 1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria 2. Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, UMHAT “St. Marina”- Varna, Bulgaria 2021 10 27 2022 01 16 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26700 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26700/7943

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 08 960 968 Ling Zhang Center for Mental Health, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China Haibin Wang School of Educational Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, China Junjie Zhang Center for Mental Health, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China 2023 02 07 2023 05 08 Background: Middle and primary school teachers are experiencing considerable stress from their careers. However, previous studies on work stress among teachers focused on the influence of various types of stress on individuals but failed to explore the relationship among middle and primary school teachers’ work stress, psychache. We aimed to examine the basic conditions of the challenge-hindrance stress of middle and primary school teachers as well as its relationship with psychache and psychological resilience. Method: A total of 512 middle and primary school teachers from Zhejiang and Anhui in China were enrolled from May to October 2021. The subjects were evaluated with the challenge–hindrance stress questionnaire, psychache scale, and psychological resilience scale. t-test, ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between challenge-hindrance stress and psychache Results: Middle and primary school teachers generally experience high challenge–hindrance stress and psychache. The challenge-hindrance stress had a significantly positive correlation with psychache (r=0.295, 0.439, P<0.01) and a significantly negative correlation with psychological resilience (r＝−0.320, −0.494, P<0.01). Challenge–hindrance stress could be used to significantly predict the psychache. Specifically, challenge stress and hindrance stress could significantly positively predicted the psychache (β=0.295 and β=0.439, respectively). In addition, psychological resilience exerted a partial mediating effect on the relationship between challenge–hindrance stress and psychache. Conclusion: The challenge–hindrance stress of middle and primary school teachers influences their psychache directly as well as indirectly through the mediating effect of psychological resilience.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31163 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31163/7930

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 07 880 891 Jiale Yu 1. Graduate School of Physical Education, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea 2. School of Physical Education, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, Jiangxi Province, China Buongo Chun Graduate School of Physical Education, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea Dongjun Lee Graduate School of Physical Education, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea Ladan Rokni Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2023 02 08 2023 04 18 Background: While people’s living standards are improving, the incidence of chronic diseases due to a lack of exercise is increasing. Complex health conditions (e.g., metabolic syndrome) are becoming common, and means to lower their incidence are essential. Methods: This study systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis on the effects of Baduanjin exercise on metabolic syndrome-related factors. Using four English databases and three Chinese databases, randomized controlled trials on the effects of Baduanjin exercise on metabolic syndrome were identified. We analyzed whether Baduanjin could alleviate various metabolic syndrome indicators according to our selection guidelines. Results: We found that Baduanjin exercise had positive effects on blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: mean difference (MD)=-6.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): -9.86 to -2.92; I2=12%; diastolic blood pressure: MD=-2.86; 95% CI: -5.96 to -0.23; I2=35%; P=0.07) and total cholesterol (standardized mean (SMD)=-0.55; 95% CI: -1.11 to 0.02; I2=86%; P=0.06), triglyceride (SMD=-0.29; 95% CI: -1.13 to - 0.56; I2=94%; P<0.51), and low-density cholesterol (SMD =-0.33; 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.14; I2=0%; P<0.0007) levels. Conclusion: This evidence shows that Baduanjin exercise provides beneficial effects by improving metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adults. This suggests that Baduanjin exercise could be an effective alternative or complementary approach to conventional treatments for adults with metabolic problems. Additionally, these findings suggest that more rigorous randomized control trials are needed in the future.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31176 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31176/7924

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 08 1092 1094 Byeongmin Chae Department of Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea Do Gyun Lee Department of Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea 2021 10 12 2021 11 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26554 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26554/7944

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 5 2023 05 08 969 977 Wiesław Chwała Department of Biomechanics of the University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland Katarzyna Burdacka Department of Recreology and Biological Regeneration of the University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland Robert Walaszek Department of Recreology and Biological Regeneration of the University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland Marcin Burdacki Med Coach, Non-Public Continuing Education Institution, 31-573 Cracow, Poland 2021 10 30 2022 02 23 Background: Dynamic balance monitoring involves the assessment of the muscular control during changes of the centre of gravity location in space above the supporting plane. We aimed to determine the structure of the Y-Balance Test and its accuracy based on measurements of strength and resistance to fatigue of muscles acting on the knee Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 191 192 George IMATAKA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Shigemi YOSHIHARA Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 2020 01 07 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19382 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19382/6647

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 181 185 Alireza BADIRZADEH Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saber RAEGHI Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Vahid FALLAH-OMRANI Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila ROUHANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The main objective of the current study was to investigate on the cryopreservation of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus, a causative agent of cystic hydatidosis in man. Methods:  This study was conducted on isolated protoscoleces from hydatid cysts infected livers collected from slaughterhouse of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by dye test. Cryopreservation of isolated protoscoleces in the presence of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol using a three-step cooling protocol involving an initial period at -20 °C, -80 °C and liquid nitrogen was performed. Results: The mean viability rate of 10% DMSO and 15% glycerol were 9% and 8% respectively. The protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus have been successfully thawed and recovered after 6 months storage in liquid nitrogen. Conclusion: Cryopreservation method needs to be improved for each species of helminthes and can be useful for other immunological and laboratorial studies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19377 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19377/6644

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 37 45 Qing LU Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, P.R. China 2020 01 07 Background: Continuously deeper reform of public hospitals has put forward the need to innovate the philosophy and system of large medical equipment operation and management, and the phenomenon featuring “more attention to purchasing and less attention to management” need to be turned around. Methods: This research took use of information management to set up ID fields (unique number) for target stand-alone equipment; integrated statistics functions of HIS, PACS, LIS, RIS and equipment management system to get the basic operation data; informationized the work flow and reform technology to set up a post evaluation indictor system for the performance of stand-alone equipment; compared the service condition of newly purchased equipment with the feasibility application of relative department from various dimensions; designed objective post-evaluation indicators from various angles to scientifically manage existing medical equipment and support decision-making of new application for purchasing medical equipment. Results: Application performance of stand-alone equipment and clinical departments were ranked in a standardized manner. Decision-making mode based on data case of stand-alone equipment was set up. Net present value was evaluated. However, re-purchasing the instrument did not continuously increase the contribution of each instrument. The laboratory can purchase new instruments again, while the imaging department is not recommended to purchase. Conclusion: The performance evaluation mechanism based on information construction for large stand-alone medical equipment and its support for decision-making of purchasing is of great significance to improve the service life of equipment, exert the maximum effect and reduce economic waste. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19357 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19357/6628

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 193 195 Ahasanul HAQUE Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Naila ANWAR Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Farzana YASMIN Faculty of Science, Lincoln University, Jalan Stadium, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia Arun KUMAR TAROFDER Faculty of Business Management and Professional Studies, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Nazmul Mohammad Hassan MAZIZ Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS, Perdana, Malaysia 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19384 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19384/6648

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 46 55 Se-Young JU Major in Food Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea 2020 01 07 Background: The quality of out-of-home foods is an increasingly important issue due to increasing popularity of eating out. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of eating-out frequency with general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes among Korean adults. Methods: This study collected data from 2010- 2015 KNHANES. The total number of participants was 33,427 Korean adults aged 19 years and older. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software version 9.3.  Results: Eating-out more frequently was associated with younger, unmarried, employed, urban resident, higher income, higher education, and being male. Regarding dietary behavior, subjects with skipping breakfast and taking snack behavior showed a tendency to eat out more frequently. Meanwhile, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and sodium intake were higher in subjects with ≥ 5/week eating-out frequency than those in subjects with < 5/week eating-out frequency. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the effect of targeted public health education and policies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19359 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19359/6629

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 196 197 Hengjun JIANG Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China Xingling CHEN The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Yuxiu HU The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China Feng TAO The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19385/6649

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 56 67 Chunyan QIU Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yue ZHANG Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Longhua CHEN Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 2020 01 07 Background: Risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined by genetic predisposition and environmental factors that often co-occur and interact, resulting in diversiform biological reactions. The present study attempted to investigate transcriptome alteration and adaptation associated with CRC progression. Methods: The study consisted of patients who presented at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China with a colonic neoplasm in 1992-2004. Microarray GSE41258 of the study was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus and 253 included microarrays were categorized by groups of normal colon, early primary tumor, lymph node metastases primary tumor, advanced primary tumor and distant metastases. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) was applied to discover tumor grade-dependent gene expression patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out to explore functional enrichment of differential expression genes (DEGs). Results: Overall, 2870 significant DEGs were screened out on all groups. Six significant grade-dependent gene expression patterns were statistically significant. DEGs in all significant patterns were mainly assembled in GO terms of metastases and deterioration of tumor, epithelial proteins and cytokines, and protein binding and bridging. DEGs in profile 0 down-regulated with higher tumor grade, prominently enriched in KEGG pathways of metabolism. Conclusion: Besides many well-known colorectal cancer-related pathways, DEGs of profiles especially those down-regulated with CRC progression, clustered in various metabolic pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, as well as xenobiotics biotransformation that link to tumorigenesis, demonstrating the impairment of physiological metabolic pathways in the context of tumor progression. These results gave a high potential for therapeutic strategies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19360 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19360/6630

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 198 200 Yong-Keum CHOI Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science and Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea Jin-Sun CHOI Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19386 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19386/6650

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 68 76 Nurbek IGISSINOV Department of Surgical Diseases № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Science and Analytic, International High School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan AND Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Alma AUBAKIROVA Republican Center for Health Development, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Galiya ORAZOVA Department of Public Health, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Gulnur AKPOLATOVA 1. Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2. Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Saltanat URAZOVA Department of General Medical Practice № 2, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Dinar Tarzhanova Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Akmaral ZHANTUREYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Yerlan KUANDYKOV Department of Family Medicine, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan 2020 01 07 Background: As a result of the road traffic accidents 1.25 mln. of working-age people die each year on the roads. Frequency of the RTA is 11 times higher in our country than in Europe, that influence on demographic and economic situation in the republic. Creation of the math modeling and prediction of traffic mortality rate in Kazakhstan will allow to develop measure on its decrease. Methods: Short-term dotted prediction of population mortality level of Kazakhstan was used, in particular – methods of regressive analysis. General prognosis throughout the country up to 2021 was made on the basis of data for 1999-2018. The more relevant method for prediction is exponential function taking into account the features of mortality rate level trend. Results: Prediction of traffic fatalities without division into the age-related groups for 2019 is 2132±181 case with a probability 2/3. Expected levels for 2020-2027 cases, for 2021-1927 cases. Annual mortality decrease rate according to the 0-19 age-related at an average is 6.4% among men and 5.8% among women, according to age group as a whole – by 6.2%; from 20 up to 64 age related group – 5.1 % on all population category; older 65 age –group is by 2.2 %, 3.7 % among men, 2.9% among women as a whole. Conclusion: In the foreseeable future the number of traffic deaths in Kazakhstan will tend to decrease at a slower pace. Mortality rates due to road traffic accidents among working-age men will be 3 times higher than women in this age group. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19361 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19361/6631

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 201 202 Ammar N.H. ALBUJEER Nab’a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq AND School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain AND School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza KHAMI School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alya ALMAHAFDHA School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19387 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19387/6651

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 77 85 Mehdi BAGHERI Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Mozhgan FAZLI School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Sara SAEEDNIA School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Majid GHOLAMI KHARANAGH Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Naghmeh AHMADIANKIA School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran AND Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: We aimed to assess the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on breast cancer cell migration and also its effect on the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and β-catenin. Methods: This study was performed in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran from 2017- 2018. In this experimental study, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of SFN (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μM) at different time points of 24, 48, and 72 h. The control group was untreated cells. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of SFN on cell migration at different time points were evaluated using scratch assay. Moreover, apoptosis was assessed by using flow cytometric analysis. The expression of βcatenin and EMT markers of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 were determined by real-time PCR. Western blotting analysis of β-catenin was applied to determine its changes after SFN treatment Results: SFN markedly inhibited the migration of cells at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40µM after 24, 48, and 72 h. At relatively, high concentrations (30, 40µM), SFN induced apoptosis. Moreover, SFN reduced the gene expression of ZEB1, fibronectin, and claudin-1 after 72 h. The expression of β-catenin revealed a time-dependent decrease at the concentration of 40 µM SFN. Conclusion: Downregulation of EMT markers and β-catenin showed accordance with the inhibition of migration. SFN could be a promising drug candidate to reduce metastasis in breast cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19363 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19363/6632

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 203 205 Arlin ADAM Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia Andi ALIM Department of Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia Dedy MAULANA Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Pejuang Republic of Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia 2020 01 08 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19388/6652

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 86 95 Hossein MIRZAEI HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Zhaleh ABDI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham AHMADNEZHAD National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshad GOHRIMEHR National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham ABDALMALEKI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rezvaneh ALVANDI National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj HARIRCHI School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of the Iranians following the sustainable development goals’ (SDGs) introduction and the recent health reform implementation in Iran and to compare with those of the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) and global average. Methods: This comparative study used secondary data to investigate socio-demographic and health status indicators. The sources included census, population-based surveys and death registries. Global and regional health status indicators were obtained from international databases including WHO, the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metric and Evaluation (IHME). Results: Life expectancy and human development index improved following the reform implementation. Among causes of death, 74.6% were attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There was an increasing trend in risk factors for NCDs in Iran, while at the same time neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates reduced. Compared to the MENA, Iran has a lower maternal mortality ratio, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality rates, and a higher life expectancy. NCDs and road traffic injuries accounted for a larger portion of disability-adjusted life years in Iran compared to the MENA and worldwide. Conclusion: Actions against communicable diseases and road traffic injuries are required together with continued efforts to address NCDs. Although based on the results, Iran has relatively high rankings, there is a need ‎to develop a roadmap to accelerate achieving global health goals and SDGs targets.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19365/6633

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 08 206 208 Ensiyeh JENABI Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Salman KHAZAEI Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2020 01 08 NO Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19389/6653

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 1 2020 01 07 96 103 Laleh HOVEIDA Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Behrooz ATAEI Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Nour AMIRMOZAFARI Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra NOORMOHAMMADI Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 07 Background: The presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species and their enterotoxin-encoding genes in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied in some developing countries. This study aimed to assess the frequency of Staphylococcus spp. and their related virulence factors in foodstuffs in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: Overall, 139 foodstuff samples, collected from Isfahan City (center of Iran) from Sep 2015 to Oct 2016, were processed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. using standard bacteriological prole="en_US">Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jila Yavarian 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 28 2023 08 13 Background: Whole viral genome sequencing with next generation sequencing (NGS) technique is useful tool for determining the diversity of variants and mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). In this study we have attempted to characterize the mutations and circulating variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Tehran, Iran in 2021. Methods: We performed complete genome sequencing of 15 SARS-CoV-2 detected from 15 COVID-19 patients during the 4th wave of COVID-19 pandemic with NGS. Three groups of the patients at the beginning, middle and the end of the 4th wave were compared together. Results: We detected alpha and delta variants during the 4th wave of the pandemic. The results illustrated a dominance of amino acid substitution D614G in spike, and the most frequent mutants were N­-R203K, G204R, S235F, nsp12-P323L, nsp6-G106del, G107del and F108del. Conclusion: The detection of the virus mutations is a useful procedure for identifying the virus behavior and its genetic evolution in order to improve the efficacy of the monitoring strategies and therapeutic measures. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30768 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30768/8115

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2630 2642 EN Fatemeh Suri Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdullah Biginaloo School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mehdi Ghadimi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Hossein Dehghan Banadaki Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Hassan Paylakhi School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 06 28 2022 09 29 Background: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a superfamily of extracellular proteinases found in both mammals and invertebrates. Although there is some evidence about the role of ADAMTSs in ocular diseases such as glaucoma and ectopia lentis, but there is little information about the expression patterns of ADAMTS-1-20 and ADAMTS-like (ADAMTSL-1-6 and PAPLN) genes in human ocular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiling of ADAMTS(L) superfamily of genes in different ocular tissues based on age. Methods: In 2019, nine human donated eye globes were provided from the Central Eye Bank of Iran, and were divided into three different groups based on age (under 3 yr old, between 20 to 50 and upper 50 yr old). To assess expression patterns of ADAMTS(L) genes in different ocular tissues including trabecular meshwork, lens, retinal pigment epithelium, macula, and optic nerve in the three age groups, total RNA was extracted from the tissues and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by Real-time PCR was performed. Results: We demonstrated not only each member of ADAMTS(L) superfamily shows different expression pattern between the five investigated ocular tissues, but also some members have differential expressions among the investigated age groups in same tissues. Conclusion: Differential expression of ADAMTS(L) genes in ocular tissues from different age groups could explain some functional aspects of the tissues and also may be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for ocular diseases and pathologies. Further studies are required to explore their functional roles associated with ocular pathologies.ADAMTS Proteins https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25392 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25392/8116

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2643 2650 Elham Khatooni Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Ahmadnezhad National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Olyaee Manesh National Institute of Health Research, Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Majdzadeh 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center and Community-Based Participatory Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Interdisciplinary Research and Practice Division, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK 2021 07 31 2022 07 16 Background: In May 2014, the Iranian government announced it would cover all uninsured Iranians. Despite free-of-charge insurance, the studies found that the coverage still needed to be completed (93%). This study aimed to understand why certain population groups remain without insurance despite the accessibility of free-of-charge coverage. This issue is not unique to Iran; it is prevalent in many other countries where, despite free coverage, not all individuals avail themselves of it, thereby exposing themselves to risks. Methods: In a matched case-control study, 89 non-insured patients were compared with 178 hospital-based controls with health insurance (2:1). The samples were recruited at one of the leading public hospitals in the country (Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran) in 2019. Two insured controls were selected and matched for age (± five years) and sex for each person without insurance. A conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the magnitude of effects and the goodness of fit test used to examine the model. Results: Unemployment (Odds Ratio (OR)=8.33, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.05-50.0), being single (OR=3.69, CI: 1.18-11.55), low economic status (OR=1.85, CI: 1.02-3.33) and attitude towards performance of health insurance (OR=0.86, CI: 0.75-0.99) were affected not having health insurance. Conclusion: Approaches that cover the entire population may struggle to ensure no one is left without needed services. There is a need for greater focus on vulnerable groups to achieve universal health coverage conscientiously. Moreover, improved services and education can positively shape public perceptions of insurance efficacy, affecting their enrollment choices.Health sector reform https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25738 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25738/8117

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2651 2662 Mahshid Malakootian Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Gholipour Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maziar Oveisee Orthopedics Department, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran 2022 11 08 2023 03 29 Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the principal causes of chronic joint disease and may progressively engender disability in elderly individuals. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and associated signaling pathways in end-stage osteoarthritis. Methods: Differentially expressed messenger RNAs in the early and end stages of osteoarthritis were examined through gene expression omnibus 2R (GEO2R) in the GSE32317 dataset. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted. Furthermore, microRNAs targeting hub genes were investigated using the miRcode database. This study was conducted jointly at Bam University of Medical Sciences and Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center on October 2022. Results: Differentially expressed data demonstrated downregulation in 134 genes and upregulation in 189 genes in end-stage knee osteoarthritis. The results of the enrichment and PPI analyses determined 4 end-stage knee osteoarthritis-related hub genes: IL-1B, CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1. The knee osteoarthritis-related key genes were involved in the Wnt signaling, B cell receptor signaling, calcium signaling, circadian entrainment, arginine and proline metabolism, axon guidance, and cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways. Additionally, the microRNAs targeting the 4 aforementioned genes were predicted. Conclusion: The present study is the first to provide fresh insights into the potential therapeutic targets of key genes, namely CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1, differentially expressed in end-stage osteoarthritis and their relevant signaling pathways and interactive microRNAs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30334 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30334/8118

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2663 2672 Majid Jalili Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Farzad Nazem Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Arian Qaragozlou Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran 2021 10 28 2022 10 01 Background: Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) is ree groups parental, application, and neonatal outcomes. In the parental outcomes, maternal stress/stress coping, parenting self-efficacy, satisfaction, anxiety, partnership advocacy/improved parent-infant relationship, feeling of being safe, reassurance and confidence, increase awareness, as well as discharge preparedness, were identified. In the application outcomes, application usage, ease of use/user-friendly, and usability of the designed application were placed. Finally, the neonatal outcomes include health and clinical items. Conclusion: Mobile applications can be useful in prematurity for educating pregnant mothers, managing stress and anxiety, supporting families, and preparing for discharge. Moreover, due to the coronavirus condition, providing remote services for parents is an appropriate solution to reduce the in-person visits to neonatal care centers. Development of tailored apps can promote the neonates' health and reduce their parents’ stress. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28135 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28135/8007

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1739 1748 EN Majid Babaie Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Habibollah Pirnejad 1. Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2. Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management (ESHPM), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands Jafar Rezaie Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Ur-mia, Iran Gholamreza Roshandel Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Rana Hoseini Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2021 12 29 2022 08 09 Background: Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common cancer worldwide, remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The etiology of GC may arise from genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to determine the association between GC incidence and socioeconomic status in Iran. Methods: An ecological study was designed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the risk of GC incidence. The data of socioeconomic variables such as income changes, unemployment rate, urbanization ratio, inflation rate, and air pollution changes in 31 provinces were collected from the Statistical Center of Iran, and the data of GC of 31 provinces were provided from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR). Data from 2014 to 2017 was analyzed using panel data analysis, the fixed effects model by EViews software. Results: Panel data model was suitable for the present study. Results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between GC incidence and socioeconomic factors including income changes (P≤ 0.001), unemployment rate (P≤0.01), inflation rate (P≤ 0.05), and air pollution changes (P≤ 0.001). The urbanization ratio showed a negative relationship and was not statistically associated with GC incidence (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a positive and significant association between socioeconomic status and GC incidence, proposing a GC risk factor. The key public health policies and welfare policies' priority should therefore be to schedule for the GC management.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27332 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27332/8017

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 07 1749 1757 Ebrahim Alijani Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Farhad Riazi Rad Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Asal Katebi Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Soheila Ajdary Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 09 2022 06 29 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Besides, one-third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) while staying clinically asymptomatic; the situation is called latent TB infection (LTBI). MiR-21, miR-31, miR-146a, and miR-155 play an important role in many immune and inflammatory pathways. In the present study the expression levels of MiR-21, miR-31, miR-146a, and miR-155 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with active TB, latently infected individuals (LTBI), and healthy controls (HC) were investigated. Participants were recruited at the Bouali Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran from 2010 to 2011. Methods: PBMCs were stimulated with PPD before RNA extraction. TaqMan RT-qPCR assay was used to analyze the expression levels of miRNAs. Results: The results indicated no significant differences in the expression of miR-21 and miR-31 between different groups; however, in patients with active TB, the expression of miR-21 (P=0.03) and miR-31 (P=0.04) were significantly increased after stimulation with PPD compared to the unstimulated condition. The expression of miR-146 in response to PPD in both LTBI (P=0.02) and TB (P=0.03) groups compared to the HC group was increased. No significant differences were found in the expression level of miR-155 in response to PPD between LTBI and HC groups. However, the fold change was significantly higher in the TB group in comparison with the HC (P=0.03) and LTBI (P=0.05) groups. Conclusion: The results confirm the main role of miR-146 and miR-155 in TB infection and suggest a role for miR-146 and miR-155 as infection and activation markers in tuberculosis infection, respectively. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28684 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28684/8018

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 07 1758 1763 Zahra Karimi Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Ranjbar Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Najafi Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 02 13 2022 07 06 Background: Salmonella is one of the most leading causes of food-born infection and death among infants and people with the poor immunity system. Because Salmonella spp. have diversity in the genome composition and pathogenicity, access to rapid identification and genotyping is necessary to control of salmonellosis. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) typing is a genotyping method that checks these variable sequences in the bacterial genome in a specific species. This study aimed to differentiate Salmonella strains using CRISPR region. Methods: Salmonella isolates, previously identified via standard micro