Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 306 314 Xiangyue Zeng Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Inpatient Area 2), Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China Xinhui Yang Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Inpatient Area 2), Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China Shayim Parhatsayim Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Inpatient Area 2), Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China Abulajiang Abudoukelimu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Inpatient Area 2), Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China Yin Shu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Inpatient Area 2), Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China Zeliang Zhao Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Inpatient Area 2), Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China 2022 07 19 2022 09 29 Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor in the world and substantial death cases are reported each year. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Methods: The expression levels of Forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) in colorectal cancer tissues were first analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). More multiple in vitro experiments established the role of FOXA2 in colorectal cancer progression. The potential downstream target of FOXA2 was identified by Western blot analysis. Results: FOXA2 expression level was significantly up-modulated in colorectal cancer specimens and cells (P<0.05). Silencing FOXA2 remarkably inhibited colorectal cancer cells growth, invasion and migration. BCL2-associated X (BAX) protein was identified as a potential downstream protein of FOXA2. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the essential role of FOXA2 in colorectal cancer progression and identified BAX protein as its potential target.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29347 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29347/7855

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 219 229 Yongjin Li College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China Li Wang College of Humanities, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China Jianfeng Ni Ningbo Geneinn Biotechnology Co., LTD, Ningbo, 315201, China Jiali Gu College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China 2022 11 03 2022 12 21 Background: A good perception of disease risk can help patients adopt correct preventive behaviors and good adherence to treatment. We examined knowledge, awareness, and perception towards thyroid cancer (TC) by a systematic analysis of published literature. Methods: Four databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of science were searched using relevant keywords for papers prior to June 30, 2022. The levels of knowledge, awareness, and perception about TC, as well as risk factors, clinical signs, and sources of health were narratively synthesized. Results: Ten papers were finally included in this study for analysis. Despite relative good awareness, both the general population and medical students have relatively poor levels of knowledge and perception of TC and risk factors. The results of most studies showed that less than half of the participants had good knowledge about TC and its risk factors. Most participants are increasingly turning to the Internet and social media to obtain information about TC. This study also indicated that poor levels of knowledge regarding TC were strongly related to educational attainment and type of participants. Conclusion: The findings of this paper provide valuable information for intervention providers to prevent and control of TC and encourage them to carry out health promotion campaigns to enhance knowledge and awareness of TC.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30303 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30303/7848

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 215 218 Dariush D Farhud Editor-in-Chief 2023 01 30 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31079 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31079/7847

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 446 448 Parisa Abedi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roshanak Daie Ghazvini Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Jamal Hashemi 1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Rafat Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Pegah Ardi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Zareei Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hasti Kamali Sarvestani Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 12 14 2021 01 25 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23196 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23196/7870

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 315 324 EN Mustafa Çakir Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkey 2022 06 14 2022 10 23 Background: Although preventive health practices are extremely effective in preventing diseases and mortality, there is still a need to determine the frequency of these practices in different countries and improve these rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate preventive health practices in Turkey. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional research. The study was conducted by utilizing the “Turkey Health Survey 2019” microdata set from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The data of 17,084 people aged 15 years and over were evaluated. Results: Approximately 54.4% of the participants were women, 24.5% were 15–29 years old, and 21.0% were 60 years of age or older. Approximately 51.2% of the participants stated that their general health status as good. 2.3% of the participants had taken the flu vaccine in the last year, 38% of people aged 50–70 years had undergone a fecal occult blood test in the last 5 years, 32% of women aged 40–69 years had undergone mammography/breast X-ray in the last 2 years, and 44% of women aged 30–65 years had undergone a cervical swab test in the last 5 years. Conclusion: Although the rate of public participation in cancer screenings in Turkey is considerable, the data show that the rates should be further increased. In contrast, flu vaccination frequency is considerably low. To increase the frequency of preventive health practices, Turkish public should be informed about these practices, where they can be performed, and their importance.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29032 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29032/7856

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 230 242 Suraya Hamid Department of Information System, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Fatokun Faith Department of Information System, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Zulkarnain Jaafar Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Norjihan Ghani Department of Information System, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Farrah Yusop Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2022 03 15 2022 05 30 Background: Emerging technology research focusing on promoting healthy lifestyles for the middle-aged and elderly is paramount in recent literature. However, limited evidence is available for the middle-aged population. This paper reviews how emerging technologies can help in promoting a healthy lifestyle for the middle-aged and elderly. Methods: A scoping literature review method was employed. Articles were extracted from online databases published within 2010–2021. Overall, 3,152 articles related to the topic were obtained and 2979 articles were archived via different search procedures. Moreover, 173 articles that met the inclusion criteria underwent qualitative synthesize for conclusive inferences. Results: Most studies focused on people aged 60 and up, leaving the middle-aged population under-studied and unprepared to age. Older adults have high technology anxiety and resistance to change. Limited studies are available to support technology-based healthy lifestyle promotion for middle-aged people. The emerging technologies that are useful in promoting healthy lifestyle behavior among middle-aged people include: robotics, virtual reality, wearables, artificial intelligence, smart textiles, as well as centralized health information systems. Conclusion: This review sets as a pace-setter for future research on how emerging technologies can aid in the development of healthy lifestyles for the middle-aged and elderly population, allowing them to live a quality life as they age.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28161 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28161/7849

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 449 450 EN Chaeeun Cho Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea Kyoungkyu Jeon Division of Sport Science & Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea Sewon Lee Division of Sport Science & Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea 2020 12 31 2021 01 25 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23301 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23301/7871

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 325 333 AIli Qi Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, Guizhou, China Fatao Wang Phsical Education Department, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China Tiwang Cao Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, Guizhou, China 2022 12 09 2023 01 30 Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a widespread mental growth disorder. Children with ASD are unlikely to restore the ability of living independent, which definitely brings their parents greater psychological pressure and psychological problems such as social anxiety. Therefore, it is pressing to conduct intervention research on social anxiety and other problems in parents of children with ASD.  Methods: In 2022, Seventy-three parents of children with ASD were enrolled from Beijing Tongkangyuan Children's Rehabilitation Institute. They were randomly divided into the experiment group (N=36) and the control group (N=37). The experiment group was intervened with psychological counseling based on problem management plus in combination with Tai Chi. The control group did not receive any psychological intervention. Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and Social Support Rate Scale were used for measurement before and after the intervention. Results: The experiment group had significantly higher decreases than the control group in the total score in social anxiety and the scores in its two dimensions after intervention (P=0.001). The experiment group had significant decreases in the total score in parenting stress and the scores in parenting distress and dysfunctional parent-child interaction (P=0.001), while there was no change in the control group. The experiment group had significant improvement in social support, which was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Psychological counseling based on problem management plus could effectively alleviate social anxiety and parental pressure in parents of children with ASD, improve their social support and play a significant role in enhancing their mental health.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30616 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30616/7857

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 243 253 Nur Hidayati 1. Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia 2. Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Suryani Suryani Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Laili Rahayuwati Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Efri Widianti Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia 2022 10 02 2022 12 21 Background: Women prisoners are a population that is vulnerable to mental health problems. Women prisoners have a higher risk of mental health problems than women in the general population. So far, there have been very few studies with specific on women prisoner populations discussing mental health needs in prisons. The high prevalence of mental health problems in women prisoners is inseparable from meeting the mental health needs of women prisoners in prison. This review aimed to identify the mental health needs of women prisoners. Methods: A scoping review was used, a systematic search of the articles on Oxford Academic Journals, Emerald Insight, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Mental Health” OR “Health” AND “Needs” OR “Needs Assessment” OR “Addressing Needs” AND “Female” OR “Woman” OR “Women” AND “Inmates” OR “Prisoners” OR “Offenders” OR “Convicts”. Results: A total of 10 out of 254 selected, were considered eligible for inclusion and the results showed that the six major themes of mental health needs of women prisoners were treatment of substance, drug, and alcohol abuse, support system, empathy, training, mental illness treatment and access to health services, and health intervention: therapy and counselling. Conclusion: It is recommended for further research to focus more on the problem of access to gender-based mental health services in prisons. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29981 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29981/7850

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 451 452 Melahat Melek Oğuz Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Esma Altinel Acoglu Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Fatma Zehra Oztek-Celebi Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Emine Polat Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Husniye Yucel Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Sanliay Sahin Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Meltem İleri Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Saliha Senel Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 2022 09 04 2022 12 18 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29724 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29724/7872

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 334 339 Sain Sattar Safarova Department of Internal Medicine, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan 2022 03 26 2022 06 29 Background: This study aimed to determine the directionality of changes in serum bone remodeling markers and bone mineral density in the pre- and postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study was carried out during the years 2016–2017 on the basis of Azerbaijan Medical University and included 142 pre- and postmenopausal women with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 1and DM2) were compared with 43 age-matched non-diabetics. The groups evaluated Ca2+, PTH, CT, 25(OH)D levels, serum bone remodeling markers (ALP, P1NP, b-CTx), lumbar spine, proximal and femoral neck areas using DXA assessment. Results: The results showed inconsistency observed between bone remodeling processes in women with diabetes. A negative correlation was observed between duration of diabetes and Lumbar T-scores (DM1: r = -0.568, P = 0.001; DM2: r = -0.267, P = 0.04). Lumbar T-scores was negatively correlated with b-CTx level (DM1: r = -0.452, P = 0.002; DM2: r = -0.357, P = 0.09). Postmenopausal groups with DM1 and DM2 were slightly higher b-CTx levels than premenopausal. Conclusion: The patients with DM2 compared to DM1 had higher average BMD at all measured areas. Bone fragility is the result not so much of a decrease in BMD, but alterations in bone microstructure, as indicated by the disregulation of bone remodeling markers. This suggests that patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of bone turnover disorders compared to individuals without diabetes, which does not necessarily correlate with differences in BMD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28254 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28254/7858

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 254 264 Ali Yalfani Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, School of Sport Sciences, Bu-ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Mohamadreza Ahmadi Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, School of Sport Sciences, Bu-ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran 2022 04 03 2022 05 30 Background: Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) can lead to the development knee osteoarthritis. This review systematic and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the VGRF in patellofemoral pain patients (PFP) during weight bearing tasks. Methods: Search strategy was conducted in databases: Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar from Sep 2020 to Jun 2021. The VGRF components we measured were passive impact (Fz1)/peak and propulsion/active peak (Fz2). The quality of the studies was evaluated with Down and Black index and it was divided into three groups: low quality (LQ), medium quality (MQ) and high quality (HQ). The standardized mean difference between PFP and healthy individuals was used to calculate the effect size. Results: Nine articles were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis of which 5 studies was HQ, 3 studies were MQ and 1 study was LQ were classified. PFP compared to healthy individuals with moderate and small effect size have reduced impact and propulsion respectively.  Conclusion: The in PFP, VGRF is influenced psychological, behavioral and biomechanical factors. Therefore, psychosomatic therapeutic approaches may have a long time effectiveness on the rehabilitation of PFP.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28311 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28311/7851

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 340 349 EN Jongho Park Department of Public Health Administration, Gwangju University, Gwangju, South Korea Yeaeun Kim Department of Health Care Management, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, South Korea 2021 01 28 2021 11 29 Background: Hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are common chronic diseases in South Korea, and medication is a key factor in managing these diseases and preventing disease advancement to multimorbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic disease on medication intake and adherence among Koreans. Methods: This study was conducted utilizing data collected from 5,529 individuals that participated in the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) in 2014-2017. The dependent variables were medication intake and adherence, and independent variables included socioeconomic status and the type of chronic disease. The differences in the medication intake and medication adherence by sociodemographic variables and the type of chronic disease were analyzed by chi-square test. The effect of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia on medication intake and adherence was analyzed via multiple logistic regression using SAS statistical software. Results: The rate of medication intake and adherence were significantly different among patients with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, especially lower in patients with hyperlipidemia compared to those with hypertension and diabetes. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the probability of medication intake increased in female gender, older age, medical aid, medication adherence was higher in married, lower educational level and lower household income. Compared to hyperlipidemia, patients with hypertension and diabetes had more likely to take medication as prescribed. Conclusion: The importance of considering the type of chronic disease in developing and implementing public health programs aiming for improved medication adherence. Targeting better medication intake and adherence for each chronic disease could be a valuable policy strategy to effectively manage chronic diseases as well as prevent their complications. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23648 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23648/7859

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 265 277 EN Mohammad Frough Khosravi Department of Management Sciences and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad Department of Management Sciences and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Arab Department of Management Sciences and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 09 02 2022 06 19 Background: Governance is one of the critical functions of the health system. Good governance of the health system leads to better performance and outcomes. Evaluation is the first step to improving health system governance. Therefore, this research aimed to identify evaluation tools for health system governance. Methods: In the current scoping review, we searched all documents related to health system governance evaluation indexed in Medline, EMBASE, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct databases, and Google Scholar search engines to 2022, extracted, and assessed. Finally, documents were selected and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: Thirty tools were found to evaluate health system governance. Among the proposed tools, 11 specific tools have been designed just for health system governance evaluation, while others have governance as a component of health system evaluation. Health system governance’s significant components are health policy-making, strategic planning, organizing, stewardship, and control. Indicators such as accountability, participation, transparency, equity, efficiency, accountability, corruption control, effectiveness, ethic, the rule of law, and sustainability could be used to evaluate the health system governance.  Conclusion: Different tools have been used to evaluate governance worldwide, and each governance evaluation tool has different components suitable for governance evaluation. However, these tools cannot fully evaluate governance and have shortcomings. A comprehensive evaluation of governance and sharing lessons denrael will affect the health system's capacity and ability to provide quality, safe and effective health services. It will lead to the stability of the health system.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25737 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25737/7852

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 350 359 Shucai Wang Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Fang Xu Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Yanfang Wang Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Han Wen Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Mo Wang Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Caixin Yuan Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Xiaoli Xu Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Yaqiang Du Physical Examination Center, the Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2022 09 27 2023 01 30 Background: We aimed to explore the risk factors of lung nodules and lung cancer in physical examination population with low-dose multi-slice spiral CT (LDCT) screening, to provide basis for lung cancer screening and follow-up management after CT examination. Methods: The general data, serum tumor markers and CT images of 2,274 patients underwent LDCT in the Physical Examination Center of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China in 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and followed up for three years. Results: The detection rate of lung nodules was 48.42%. The detection rate of lung nodules was higher in females, those over 70, those with history of smoking, passive smoking, drinking, precious history of lung diseases and family history of malignant tumors, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The abnormal rate of serum tumor markers (CA199, CA125 female and CYFRA211) were higher than that in the non-nodule group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, history of smoking, passive smoking, family history of malignant tumors and serum tumor markers (CYFRA211 and CA199) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of lung nodules. Conclusion: Gender female, age>35, history of smoking, passive smoking, history of drinking, history of past lung disease, family history of malignant tumors, abnormal CYFRA211 tumor markers were detected and low dose multi-slice spiral CT image showed ground-glass nodules are risk factors for lung nodules and lung cancer, which should be paid close attention to during physical examination and follow-up.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29927 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29927/7860

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 278 289 Siavash Etemadinezhad Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Arezoo Sammak Amani Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mahmood Moosazadeh Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mehran Rahimlou Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Seyed Ehsan Samaei Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2022 02 28 2022 06 10 Background: A large portion of Iranian Working Population (IWP) is becoming at risk of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (ONIHL). Several primary studies have evaluated the prevalence of ONIHL in Iran with a variety of prevalence rates. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of ONIHL in the IWP using data from relevant studies. Methods: The present study is a meta-analysis and systematic review of previously published studies on ONIHL in Iran. Accordingly, the relevant articles published until Sep 1, 2021 were searched through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, together with Iranian scientific electronic databases. Heterogeneity between among the studies and data analysis was assessed using the I2 test and Random-Effect Model (REM) respectively. Results: Having performed a quality assessment, the meta-analysis was performed on the data from twenty-six studies involving a total of 85685 participants. The prevalence of ONIHL was observed to range from 12.9% to 60.5% in the reviewed studies. Moreover, after combining the results from the primary research by the Random Effects Model (REM) approach, the prevalence of ONIHL among IWP was estimated to be 34.69% (95% CI: 29.10, 40.28). Conclusion: ONIHL is a significant concern with regard to public and occupational health in Iran. The results also highlighted the urgent need for taking appropriate preventive and control measures in the workplaces; particularly by encouraging the employers and health-related policymakers to focus on preventive noise control techniques along with administrative and legislative approaches to mitigate the risk of developing ONIHL.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28027 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28027/7853

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 2 2023 01 30 360 370 EN Jeehye Jun School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Dahye Park Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea 2021 09 10 2021 11 02 Background: South Korea has the fastest growing aging population in the world, and the Korean older adult population has been reported to have poor self-rated health (SRH). This cross-sectional descriptive survey aimed to examine the SRH and associated factors among the Korean older adult population using the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods: The differences in SRH according to socioeconomic, health-related, and mental health-related factors and their relationships were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression, using data from 1,521 older adults in Korea from the 8th KNHANES. Results: Self-rated health was higher among older adults with a high family income (odds ratio [OR]=1.58, 95% CI: 1.05−2.36), those who finished elementary school or lower as opposed to those with a middle school diploma (OR=0.52, 95% CI:0.29−0.95), those with a low body mass index (BMI) compared to those with a higher BMI (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.21−0.88), those with no unmet health needs (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.31−3.06), those with better diet-related circumstances (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.15−3.39), those with lower stress (OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.28−2.44), those with no suicidal ideation (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.75−4.87), and those without a history of psychiatric counseling (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.02−4.34). Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of health behaviors in promoting SRH among older adults in Korea, and emphasize the need for developing and implementing educational programs that reflect these findings. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26225 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26225/7861 Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Ekaphop Sirachainan Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 2021 04 29 2021 08 02 Background: In Thailand, data on colorectal cancer (CRC) patient characteristics and overall survival (OS) rates are limited. We aimed to describe the overall 5-year, 10-year survival and to examine factors effecting the survival outcome among patients who were diagnoses of colorectal cancer. Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with invasive CRC from 2007 through 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected upon diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the association of overall (OS) with risk factors. Results: A total of 3,402 CRC patients (colon 59.4%, rectum 34. 5%, and rectosigmoid 6.1%) were identified. Mean (SD) and median age were 62.9 (12.7) and 63 years old (rang 14-98 years). Stages at diagnosis were I (10.1%), II (23.3), III (35.9%) and IV (30.7%). Five-year and 10-year OS of the entire cohort were 52.7% and 41.5%, respectively. Over the part 10 years, there was a trend toward improved 5-year OS in stages I, II and III. However, 3-year OS in stage IV patients remained unchanged. Confirmed poor prognostic factors included patient age ≥65 years, high grade, and advanced stage at diagnosis. Conclusion: Advanced disease was a significant prognostic factor for shorter survival. A trend toward improvement in 5-year OS in early stages over the past decade might be related to better surgical quality, improved radiation technique, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Given that patients received better systemic treatment in stage IV disease, the reason their OS was not improved should be examined.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24764 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24764/7779

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2449 2457 Hamad Alkharji Quality and Accreditation Department, Al-Hamra Tower, Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Kuwait Quan Fu Gan Department of Pre-Clinical Science, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia Chai Nien Foo Department of Population Medicine, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia 2022 07 08 2022 09 10 Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability, and it decreases the health-related quality of life due to functional disability and poor functional recovery in stroke. Tai Ji has been recently introduced to overcome disabilities. This review aims to explain the effects of Tai Ji on functional recovery in stroke patients, linking it to current approaches, concepts and therapies such as Bobath and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. A compilation of recent literature on Tai Ji's use in stroke rehabilitation from Google scholar and PubMed Central (2018 to 2022). The benefits of Tai Ji in stroke functional recovery were studied and explained based on its similarity in concepts to current conventional stroke rehabilitation approaches. There were few randomized controlled trials on Tai Ji in functional recovery among stroke patients. However, all literature identified Tai Ji as beneficial in stroke rehabilitation. However, there was no literature on explaining the Tai Ji movement based on current conventional stroke rehabilitation approaches. Tai Ji carries similar theories to the current neurorehabilitation approach. Tai Ji can be modified and incorporated into stroke rehabilitation programs based on patients’ needs to produce promising outcomes.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29235 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29235/7770

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2549 2554 Zhujuan Yang Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China Weipei Zhu Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China Yan Liu Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China Xin Chen Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China 2021 05 20 2021 09 27 Background: We aimed to examine the effectiveness of Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test for detection of cervical lesions in a large Chinese population. Methods: Overall, 4,350 women, who received simultaneously Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test and HPV DNA test, followed by cervical biopsy in the Department of Gynecology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, China from 2016-2020, were recruited. The detection of cervical lesions was compared between Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test and HPV DNA test. Results: Overall, HPV DNA test exhibited a higher detection of all cervical lesions than Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test (P<0.05), and showed a higher efficacy for detection of normal tissues and chronic cervicitis (P<0.05) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (P<0.05) than Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test; while Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test showed a greater detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (P<0.05) and invasive cervical carcinoma than HPV DNA test. Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test exhibited a higher specificity P<0.05), positive and negative prediction rates than HPV DNA test for detection of cervical lesions, and the sensitivity was comparable between the two tests (P>0.05). Conclusion: Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA test gradually improves the detection of cervical lesions with disease severity, and shows a higher specificity, positive and negative prediction rates and comparable sensitivity for detection of clinical cervical lesions as compared with HPV DNA test. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25002 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25002/7780

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2458 2471 Yang-Jie Zhu Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China Kang Tang Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China Fang-Jie Zhao Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China Bo-Yang Yu 1. Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China 2. Department of Medical Health Service, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of PLA, Shenyang 110016, China Tong-Tong Liu 1. Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China 2. Department of Medical Health Service, 969th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, Hohhot 010051, China Lu-Lu Zhang Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China 2022 07 24 2022 09 18 Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected socially disadvantaged groups; however, the association between socioeconomic status and healthcare utilization among COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between socioeconomic status and hospitalization and intensive care unit admission among COVID-19 patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant literature (updated to Jun 2022). Studies that investigated the association of social deprivation with hospitalization and intensive care unit admission in COVID-19 patients were included. The primary outcomes included risk of hospitalization and intensive care unit admission, measured by odds ratio. Results: Eleven studies covering 2,423,095 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Socially disadvantaged patients had higher odds of hospitalization in comparison to socially advantaged patients (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.38; P<0.01). The odds of intensive care unit admission among more deprived patients was not significantly different from that of less deprived patients (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.78 to 1.35; P=0.85). These findings were proven robust through subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Socially disadvantaged populations have higher odds of hospitalization if they become infected with COVID-19. More effective medical support and interventions for these vulnerable populations are required to reduce inequity in healthcare utilization and alleviate the burden on healthcare systems.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29392 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29392/7771

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2555 2563 EN Elif Köse Department of Recreation, Sport Sciences Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye Tennur Yerlisu Lapa Department of Recreation, Sport Sciences Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye Nezaket Bilge Uzun Department of Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Faculty of Education, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye Evren Tercan Kaas Department of Sport Management, Sport Sciences Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye Emrah Serdar Department of Recreation, Sport Sciences Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Türkiye Gökşen Aras 5. Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atılım University, Ankara, Türkiye 2022 07 11 2022 09 28 Background: Research handling structural differences among groups presume that the measurement tool works similarly among the groups and the results of measurements provide similar psychometric properties. Therefore, the aim of the study is to provide evidence for measurement invariance of the construct validity Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale (PHORS). Methods: The research sample consisted of a total of 1984 adults who exercise, including 864 women and 1120 men during 2021- 2022 in Antalya City, Turkey. The MI of the PHORS was tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses, which test the invariance of the covariance structures within the scope of structural equation modelling. Invariance tests were gradually conducted for the implicit variables in the model, CFI (comparative fit index criteria) and AIC (Akaike information criterion) were inquired between structural invariance, where no restriction was applied on the analyses and the other invariance tests (metric invariance, scalar invariance and string invariance respectively) where more restraints are applied. Results: The study yielded evidence showing that the measurement model defined for the factor structure of the scale provided measurement invariance by gender. ∆CFI values were ≤0.010 in all subscales for metric and scalar invariance. Conclusion: The items of PHORS represented the same psychological structure, different groups responded to the items in the same way, the constant values in regression equations generated for the items in regression equations were equal/invariable between the groups.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29268 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29268/7794

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2472 2483 EN SooHyun Nam Department of Nursing, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Nami Lee 1. Human Rights Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Public Health Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Eun-Yong Kim Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2022 06 20 2022 11 09 This narrative review aims to identify psycho-social issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among vulnerable populations. Through understanding the psychosocial meanings underneath, the suffering from the pandemic and the transformative experiences toward better society could be substantiated. Searching relevant studies and literature on psycho-social impacts in relation to COVID-19 was conducted from psycho-social points of view. Vulnerable populations such as the mentally ill, the poor, refugees, immigrants, the elderly, and other stigmatized groups were focused on. Reflections and plans on the worsened health disparities and increased stresses among vulnerable groups will help our society to be healthier and safer.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29033 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29033/7772

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2564 2572 Min Dai Chongqing Electronic Information College, Chongqing, 402160, China Guohua Liu Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China 2022 09 20 2022 11 09 Background: COVID-19 has been confirmed as a public health emergency and may give rise to adverse emotions such as anxiety and fear, and even stress reactions in serious cases. In a critical period of emotional development, adolescents experience more psychological stress fluctuations. Mindful self-compassion training is a simple and easy psychological assistance technology that has been recognized as effective, but it has not been applied to adolescents’ psychological problems caused by the epidemic. Methods: From September 2021 to January 2022, adolescent volunteers were recruited in this study from four communities in Chongqing, China. A total of 107 adolescents volunteered to participate in this intervention experiment and were divided by the table of random numbers into 53 in the experiment group and 54 in the control group. The experiment group was intervened using mindful self-compassion training in combination with aerobic exercise for two months, while no intervention measures were taken in the control group. Stress Appraisal Measure, Profile of Mood States and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were the scales adopted to evaluate the effect before and after the intervention. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower negative mood, stress, sleep scores than the control group (P < 0.001) and significantly higher differences before and after treatment than the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The intervention in this study can effectively reduce the level of negative mood and stress in individuals, and improve their vitality and sleep quality and provides new insights for the implementation and improvement of psychological assistance technology.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29869 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29869/7782

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2573 2581 Marina Kostić Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Slobodan Janković Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Jana Desnica Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Stefan Lukić Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sara Mijailović Department of Medical statistics and informatics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marija Anđelković Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marijana Stanojević Pirković Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olivera Milovanović Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marko Spasić Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Tanja Vojinović Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Dejana Ružić Zečević 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2022 09 22 2022 11 09 Background: The administration of chemotherapy positively correlates with diverse adverse drug reactions, including the significant impact of hematological hazards such as anemia, leukopenia-neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia. This pilot pharmacoeconomic study aimed to estimate the total direct costs of treating hematological toxicity induced by chemotherapy and its main determinants. Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective cost of illness study using the ''from bottom to the top'' approach from the perspective of the Republic Health Insurance Fund. This study included 88 patients treated due to developing at least one episode of one of the types of hematological complications of cytostatics in 2018 at the Oncology Clinic of the University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, the Republic of Serbia. Results: Among cancer patients who developed haematological toxicity, treating pancytopenia was most demanding in a pharmacoeconomic manner compared to neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, with an estimated value of direct costs of 264,14, 178,19 and 157,76 euros per patient per year respectively. Regarding total direct costs, the main determinants were the costs of drugs, their parenteral administration, and costs due to hospitalization. Conclusion: Due to the rising cancer incidence and obligatory hospital treatment of hematological toxicity induced by chemotherapy, the identification of the pharmacoeconomic aspects of the treatment of these complications is needed. Future research should focus on the development of new modalities of treatment regarding patient characteristics anticipating high costs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29892 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29892/7783

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2582 2591 Shahin Amani Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabil-itation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Abbasi Dolatabadi Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tayebeh Ilaghinezhad Bardsiri Department of Nursing, Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Mahdi Nouri Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Jebraeil Nasl Saraji Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Poursadeqiyan Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Behzad Khedri Department of Social Work, Social Studies Faculty, Hanze University of Applied Science, Groningen, Netherlands Abdollah Mohammadzadehaghdam Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabil-itation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Zamani Department of Pediatric Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mansoureh Karimzadeh 1. Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 07 19 2021 10 06 Background: The role of preschool administrators in raising children is increasing day by day, so the purpose of this study was to detect the validity and reliability of the professional competency questionnaire and its psychometric assessment in preschool administrators. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 380 preschool administrators with a minimum age of 25 and a maximum of 65 year participated in 2018. The sampling method was stratified from four regions of north, south, west and east of Tehran, Iran. Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire was used for convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to examine the internal consistency. Face validity, content validity and structural validity were also calculated. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Results: The questionnaire of professional competency of preschool administrators was appropriate in terms of face validity. Indicators related to content validity were appropriate in terms of relevance, transparency and necessity in this study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.98. The correlation between the total score of the managers' professional competency test and self-esteem was equal to 0.08 with a significance level of 0.58. Conclusion: The professional competency questionnaire of preschool administrators had good validity and reliability to assess the level of professional competency of preschool administrators. Researchers can use this questionnaire to assess the professional competency of preschool administrators.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25616 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25616/7784

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2592 2598 Toktam Alirezaei Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ayda