Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2697 2705 Elif Işık Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey Yavuz Özoran Faculty of Health Sciences, Avrasya University, Trabzon, Turkey Gamze Çan Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2021 11 09 2022 04 30 Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the psychosocial effects of noise on employees in Hydroelectric Power Plants in Turkey. Methods: The study was conducted in 2018, in operating Hydroelectric Power Plants located in the city of Artvin in Turkey with 110 employees. Data were collected by performing noise measurement, blood pressure measurement and using descriptive characteristics form and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Results: The average personal noise of the sample was 72.3±0.8 dB(A). The blood pressure of the employees were within normal limits. There was no significant difference between the noise levels and the sub-dimensions of the scales used. Conclusion: The measured mean noise of the sample was within normal limits as per the regulations regarding the protection of employees from noise. Measured BP means of employees during working and resting hours were within normal limits. DASS-42 subscale scores exhibited no difference depending on the noise level.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26827 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26827/7800

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2641 2653 EN Angshu Cai Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China Tian Zhou School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China 2022 02 21 2022 05 07 Background: Uric acid level has shown a certain relationship with the incidence of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI), whereas it remains controversial whether hyperuricemia can function as a predictor of PC-AKI in patients with different basic creatinine serum level. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for PC-AKI and to explore the relationship between hyperuricemia and basic renal function. Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved via searching in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and WAN FANG electronic databases from inception to Jan 2022. Only studies published in English and Chinese languages were selected. Results: Overall, 11892 patients from 15 studies were included. The results of the pooled analysis revealed that the incidence of PC-AKI was significantly higher in the hyperuricemia group than that in the normouricemic group (20.62% vs. 13.05%). Hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of the incidence of PC-AKI (odds ratio (OR): 2.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.77-3.46%]). The pooled ORs for mortality and incidence of undergoing renal replacement therapy were 2.33 (95% CI:1.81-3.00) and 8.69 (95% CI:3.22-23.44%), respectively. Comparatively, the pre-existing renal dysfunction subgroup had a lower relative risk in the hyperuricemia population. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia was found to be significantly associated with the incidence of PC-AKI. The effect of serum uric acid level on the incidence of PC-AKI was higher in patients with normal renal function, which could lay a foundation for the establishment of individualized schemes to prevent PC-AKI by urate-lowering therapy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27945 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27945/7795

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2817 2825 Xin Chu Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Jie Dai Neurology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Hengxiang Cui Clinical Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Hailin Shen Neurology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Qi Wu Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Xiangyang Zhu Neurology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Baofeng Zhu Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China 2022 07 04 2022 09 02 We discuss the involvement of nuclear genetic variants correlating to observed phenotype in this case study. In January 2020, the 19-year-old boy from Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China with epilepsy symptom was identified to have myelin loss in the motor and sensory nerves in the electromyogram examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated high-intensity areas of small multifocal gray matter regions in the bilateral temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. In the serum of the patient, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lactic acid were higher than the normal range values in multiple tests. By subsequent whole exome sequencing (WES) including analysis of the mitochondrial genome, the patient was revealed to carry an m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondria MTTL1 gene which was confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing analysis. Thus, disease of the patient was diagnosed as mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. According to WES analysis, the patient also carried multiple homozygous variants, which correlating to myelinloss and epilepsy in nuclear genes. The peripheral neuropathy of the patient carrying single mitochondrial m.3243A>G mutation could be caused by multiple nuclear DNA defect.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29199 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29199/7813

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2831 2832 Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2020 03 17 2020 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20047 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20047/7815

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2706 2716 Change Zhang Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Wu Guo Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Sheng Wang Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Yuzi Di Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Dengting Wu Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China 2022 05 31 2022 07 31 Background: Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disease characterized by progressive destruction and disappearance of epidermal melanocytes. Exosomes have been discovered to regulate the pigment status of melanocytes. We aimed to explore the role of exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients on melanogenesis. Methods: Human melanocytes cell line PIG1 was treated with exosomes from the healthy volunteers or exosomes from the vitiligo patients referred to the Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, China and transfected with miR-21-5p mimic or inhibitor. Exosome labeling assay was used to assess whether exosomes were absorbed by melanocytes. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity assays were performed to investigate melanogenesis in melanocytes. The levels of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the relationship between miR-21-5p and special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 (SATB1). Results: Exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients were transferred into melanocytes and suppressed melanin content, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis-related genes and proteins levels. Besides, miR-21-5p was highly expressed in exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients. The results of the gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-21-5p inhibited the melanogenesis of melanocytes. Furthermore, miR-21-5p inhibitor abolished the inhibitory role of exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients. Subsequently, miR-21-5p directly targeted SATB1 in melanocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of SATB1 reversed the inhibitory roles of miR-21-5p mimic on melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and melanogenesis-related protein expression. Conclusion: Peripheral blood of vitiligo patients-derived exosomal miR-21-5p inhibited melanocytes melanogenesis via targeting SATB1.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28901 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28901/7801

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2654 2663 MohammadBagher Ghalibaf Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Majid Gholami Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Nooshin Mohammadian Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2022 02 05 2022 12 17 Food security, which is considered to be a public health-related socioeconomic factor, ensures the health of society's people and plays a significant role in improving governance. This concept is closely related to the concept of stability of food. The stability of food means that there should be adequate, quality, and nutritious food for all human beings, in all places and at all times, and no factor should prevent this important issue. Stability in food production and supply is at the heart of food security and makes food systems resilient in times of crisis. The negative impact of climate change on agricultural production, intensified inflationary trends, high food prices, increasing food waste, increasing the need for food imports, and, more significantly, ongoing international sanctions make it difficult to access affordable food and pose challenges to Iran's food security. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis has reduced the incomes of families and government by intensifying economic pressures on government incomes as well as rising unemployment, which has directly exacerbated food insecurity. The link between indicators of food stability and food security in Iran is the subject of this article. The key indicators selected are the percent of arable land equipped for irrigation, the cereal imports dependency ratio, the value of food imports over total merchandise exports, per capita food production variability, and, per capita food supply variability. Results show Iran is vulnerable to the arable land equipped for irrigation, food imports over total merchandise exports, and the cereal imports dependency ratio while being resilient per capita food production and food supply variability.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27747 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27747/7796

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2826 2830 Ali Akbar Zeinaloo Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza Mirzaei Ilali Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Aghaei Moghadam Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran Emran Esmaeilzadeh Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran 2021 09 09 2022 01 11 Mulibrey Nanism is a rare multisystem disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner caused by mutations in the TRIM37 gene. Most of the reported cases are from Finland, but this condition has rarely occurred in other countries. Although the clinical diagnosis of Mulibrey nanism is a challenge during the first months of life, the disease can be suspected clinically due to the distinctive features of the patients.  A 4-year-old female with pneumonia, cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, peripheral edema, and characteristic craniofacial features was referred to Tehran Hope Generation Foundation Genetic diagnosis Center, in October 2021. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of the patient and her parents and Whole exome sequencing was performed for the patient. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous G>A splice site variant (TRIM37; c.370-1G>A). Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of the variant with phenotype in this family. Whole exome sequencing can be helpful in the diagnosis of the patients suspecting to Mulibrey nanism and lacking sufficient clinical presentation according to the diagnostic algorithm.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26214 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26214/7814

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2833 2834 Milica Kovacevic Faculty for Special Education and Reha> https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23996/7374

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2146 2148 EN Mahnaz Saremi Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Scienc-es, Tehran, Iran Rohollah Fallah Madvari Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Amirhossein Khoshakhlagh Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Fereydoon Laal Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2019 04 16 2019 04 27 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16865/7395

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 1983 1992 Byung-Kweon Chang Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea 2021 08 02 2021 09 15 Background: We aimed to explore the effect of education levels on self-rated health and physical activity (PA) and to provide basic data for developing interventions based on physical education to improve the quality of life among Koreans. Methods: The 2019 Community Health Survey data were selected through primary and secondary phylogenetic extraction. The survey was conducted among Korean adults aged ≥19 years (n=229,099), in 2019, using an electronic questionnaire. The education levels were classified into eight groups: uneducated, Seodang/Hanhak (traditional Korean school), elementary school, middle school, high school, college (2 or 3 years), university (4 years), and post-graduate or higher. In this study, the effect of participants’ education levels on self-rated health levels and PA was investigated (the PA subdimensions were: the number of days of vigorous PA, moderate-intensity PA, walking, and flexibility exercises). Results: 1) Regarding self-rated health, significant differences according to education level were recorded (P<0.001), with higher education levels leading to higher averages. 2) Regarding PA, significant differences according to education level were revealed, and the number of days of vigorous PA, walking, and flexibility exercise (P<0.001) increased with higher education levels. Moreover, the university (4 years) group reported the highest average. However, the middle school group reported the highest average for the number of days of moderate-intensity PA (P<0.001), and the average number of days decreased as the education level increased after middle school. Conclusion: Education plays an important role in maintaining health, and practicing appropriate PA contributes to one’s quality of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25774 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25774/7375

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2149 2151 Ehsan Mazloumi 1. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Ali Sadeghi Moghaddam Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Anna Abdolshahi Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Akbar Shokri Network of Health Parsabad, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Mehdi Raei Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Poursadeqiyan Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran 2019 03 22 2019 04 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16646 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16646/7396

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 1993 2001 Wei Feng Fenghua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China Wei Ji Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Yong Wang Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Qinghai Gong Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Sixuan Li Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China Yang Liu Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China Ge Lou Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China Shiwei Liu Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China Hui Li Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China 2020 11 25 2021 04 14 Background: We aimed to analyse the impact of elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels on mortality and life expectancy among ≥25 yr adults in the municipality of Ningbo, China. Methods: The death cause data were collected from the Internet-based Comprehensive Chronic Disease Surveillance System in Zhejiang Province in 2015, and SBP level data were obtained from the Ningbo Adult Chronic Disease Surveillance survey. According to the comparative risk assessment theory, the population attributable fraction (PAF) of elevated SBP levels by gender and urban-rural regions has been calculated. The deaths and life expectancy loss due to elevated SBP levels were estimated. Results: In 2015, the average SBP level among ≥25 yr adults in Ningbo was 129.01 ± 17.73 mmHg, which was higher in men (131.67 ± 16.89 mmHg) than in women (126.24 ± 18.15 mmHg) and was higher among adults in rural regions (130.55 ± 18.75 mmHg) than among adults in urban regions (127.15 ± 16.19 mmHg). A total of 6181 deaths were attributed to elevated SBP levels among adults in Ningbo. The PAF of deaths caused by elevated SBP levels among adults was 16.14%, which was higher in women (18.73%) than in men (14.31%). The overall loss of life expectancy caused by elevated SBP levels among adults was 1.76 yr, which was higher in women (1.99 yr) than in men (1.53 yr) and was higher in rural regions (1.91 yr) than in urban regions (1.49 yr). Conclusion: Elevated SBP levels had a serious impact on the death and life expectancy loss of residents in Ningbo. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22986 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22986/7376

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2152 2154 David O'Sullivan Department of Sports Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea Hyung-Sook Kim 1. Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Intelligence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2. Graduate School of Public Policy, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3. HY Digital Healthcare Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Zi Hyun Kim Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, Ger-man Sport University, Cologne, Germany 2018 11 14 2019 04 27 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15331 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15331/7397

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 2002 2009 Sang Yong Park Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Donga University of Health, Yeongam-gun, Republic of Korea Hye Sun Shin Department of Nursing, Songho University, 45, Nasnro 210, Hengseong-eup, Hengseong-Gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea Sun Park Department of Nursing, Sahmyook Health University, Seoul-si, Republic of Korea 2021 02 25 2021 07 11 Background: We aimed to provide the baseline data of nursing intervention for promoting the health promotion and promotion of growth and development for elementary students. Methods: By subjecting the 887 elementary students from 20 elementary schools located in the northern area of Gyeonggi-do Province, South Korea, data were gathered from April 10-May 30, 2017. The SPSS was used for analysis of data. Results: Some elements of emotional intelligence were found to differ depending on the gender and family type of lower-grade children, and depending on gender, sleep time, family type, and physical activity experience of higher-grade children. Some factors of stress were found to have differences according to sleeping time of the lower grades, and according to gender, sleeping time, family type, and whether they have experience in physical activity of higher-graders. Conclusion: It is possible to improve emotional intelligence and solve the stress of elementary students. This study will be the baseline data on developing the Health Promotion Education Arbitration Program for elementary students. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24002 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24002/7377

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2155 2157 Fahimeh Mohseni Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Shahram Ghorbani Behnam Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Raheleh Rafaiee Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2018 11 27 2019 04 27 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15431 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15431/7398

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 2010 2016 Yuguang Zhao School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China Jinhui Li Department of Sports Rehabilitation, College of Physical Education, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China Zhigang Yuan Department of Volleyball Theory and Teaching Method, Physical Education and Training Institute, Harbin Institute of Physical Education, Harbin 150001, China Xin Li Department of Physical Education, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China Hanghai Gu Qiqihar Federation of Literary and Literature, Qiqihar 161000, China Chuanming Jiao Department of Physical Education, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China Zhong Zhang Department of Physical Education, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China 2021 06 08 2021 08 02 Background: To investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns and the levels of bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and aged people, and to provide references for the nutritional prevention of osteoporosis. Methods: A total of 476 residents aged 45 yr or more in Qiqihar City were enrolled from Aug 2018 to Feb 2019. They took a Food Frequency Questionnaire for dietary survey. Their dietary patterns were analyzed using the factor analysis method, and BMD were detected using ultrasound bone densitometer, to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and BMD levels. Results: Four dietary patterns were obtained in the survey: relatively balanced, oil-salt, milk-tuber, and aquatic. Among them, the prevalence of osteoporosis reached 21.8%. High-level relatively balanced dietary pattern (OR=0.588, 95%CI= 0.363-0.951) and high-level dairy-potato food dietary pattern (OR=0.668, 95%CI= 0.370-0.983) were associated with lower risk of osteoporosis. Conclusion: A balanced diet and a high intake of dairy-potato food dietary pattern were associated with a lower prevalence of osteoporosis. It is recommended that middle-aged and aged people should have a balanced diet with more dairy products and potatoes to protect bone health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25223 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25223/7378

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2158 2160 Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mahasti Alizadeh Department of Social Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Afsaneh Nasirzadehghan Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Leila Kehtary-Harzang Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Maryam Vahedi Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Mohsen Poursadeqiyan Department of Ergonomics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Scienc-es, Tehran, Iran Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2019 03 28 2019 04 27 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16683 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16683/7399

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 2017 2027 EN Veroljub Vucic Health Center Trstenik, Trstenik, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Svetlana Radevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Zorica Savkovic Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Natasa Mihailovic Center for Informatics and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olgica Mihaljevic Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ivana Zivanović Macuzic Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Milan Djordjic Department of Communication Skills, Ethics and Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandar Gavrilovic Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Tatjana Boskovic Matic Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2021 07 02 2021 09 20 Background: Patients with oncological diseases often have mental disorders in the form of comorbidity. The aim of this study was to research the association of cancer with the presence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in primary health care patients. Methods: This prospective observational study done in 2020 included adult users of health care at the Health Center Trstenik, Central Serbia, aged 19 and over, both sexes, with a diagnosis of oncological disease. A research instrument to assess depressive symptoms is used PHQ-9 (The Patient Health Questionnaire) questionnaire, derived from PRIME MD- and (The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) to register the presence of certain anxiety symptoms. Results: The largest percentage of patients had symptoms of mild (27.2%) or moderate depression (22%), while 18% reported symptoms of major depression. The level of depression was higher in older subjects, in the presence of chronic diseases with greater limitations of activity and the presence of difficulties in performing daily activities, with a more pronounced effect of pain on activity, the presence of stress. All subjects were characterized as persons with severe anxiety (score 26-63). The level of anxiety was higher in older respondents, in the presence of long-term illness, with greater limitations of activities and difficulties in performing daily activities, with a more pronounced influence of pain on performing activities and the influence of the media. Conclusion: Caring for the mental health of cancer patients must occupy a significant part of each country's national health policy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25453 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25453/7379

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 2028 2037 Jing Wang School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China 2021 07 13 2021 09 15 Background: A good level of physical fitness helps teenagers maintain a good state in daily study and life and enables them to cope well with emergencies. We aimed to explore the influences of physical exercise motives on the physical health and aerobic fitness of teenagers. Methods: A total of 982 teenagers aged between 13 and 16 years in the four districts of Guangzhou City, China from January to December 2019 were selected randomly with the assistance of communities. Their physical exercise motives and exercise behaviors were investigated using a questionnaire survey, and their physical health indexes and aerobic fitness were assessed. The relationships of physical exercise motives and behaviors with physical health and aerobic fitness were analyzed. Results: Teenagers who have higher physical health scores show significantly increasing trends in their scores in exercise motives and different dimensions, exercise behaviors, and aerobic fitness scores (P<0.05). Physical exercise motives show significant correlations with exercise behaviors, physical health, and aerobic fitness. Moreover, exercise behaviors show significantly positive correlations with physical health and aerobic fitness (P<0.05). Physical exercise motives have a positive effect on exercise behaviors, physical health, and aerobic activities, and exercise behaviors have a positive effect on physical health and aerobic activities (P<0.05). Conclusion: The physical exercise motives of teenagers have positive and prediction effects on exercise behaviors, physical health, and aerobic fitness. Exciting physical exercise motives can promote the physical exercise behaviors of teenagers and improve their physical health and aerobic fitness. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25563 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25563/7380

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 2038 2045 EN Ioannis Vrettos 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargyroi”, Athens, Greece Panagiota Voukelatou 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargyroi”, Athens, Greece Evelina Pappa Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patra, Greece Chrysoula Beletsioti National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Dimitris Niakas National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 2020 01 16 2020 06 24 Background: The main objective was to investigate the relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and Body Mass Index (BMI) status according to gender in a representative sample of Greek urban population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 1060 participants (mean age 47.10 yr, 95%CI 46.09–48.07, 52.7% females) in a stratified sample of representative urban population during 1-20 Apr 2016 in Athens, Greece. Socio-demographic characteristics and medical history were involved. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated, based on reported height and weight. HRQL was assessed by using the Greek version of SF36. Parametric tests and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied to identify whether socio-demographic characteristics differed across BMI groups. Mann–Whitney test was used to detect significant differences in SF36 scales between men and women across different BMI and age groups. Μultivariate stepwise linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the influence of sociodemographic variables on HRQL. Results: The effect of being overweight or obese differs by age and gender and that this negative impact in HRQL was greater in women than in men. More vulnerable were overweight young and obese middle-aged woman both in terms of physical and mental health. On the other hand, HRQL of normal weight men and women did not differ in almost all age groups. Conclusion: Gender differences on HRQL observed in the general population were mediated by the different way that the two genders affected by increases in body weight. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19468 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19468/7381

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 2046 2054 Juan Guo School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China Dongmei Li School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2021 08 10 2021 10 03 Background: Autism significantly affects mental health and lowers subjective well-being (SWB). The rehabilitation therapy of autism is attracting widespread attention. We aimed to explore the effects of image-sandplay therapy on the mental health and SWB of children with autism. Methods: A total of 90 children with autism treated in Changchun Women and Children Health Hospital from Jan 2019 to Jun 2020 were enrolled by convenient sampling method. They were randomly divided into control (n=45) and observation (n=45) groups. The observation group had a 12-week image-sandplay therapy based on conventional rehabilitation therapy. In the image-sandplay therapy, the one-to-one intervention was provided once a week, 60 min in each. Autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC), autism behavior checklist (ABC), Conners parent symptom questionnaire (PSQ), satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), and positive and negative affect scale for children (PANAS-C) of the two groups were assessed. Results: After intervention, the observation group showed lower scores in ATEC scale and ABC scale than the control group, and the difference show statistical significance (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the observation group showed significantly lower scores in PSQ scale than the control group, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). The observation group shows higher scores in SWLS scale and positive affect scores than the control group, as well as significantly lower negative affected scores than the control groups, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: Image-sandplay therapy can improve the symptoms of children with autism and is conducive to promoting mental health and increasing SWB. It is a feasible and effective rehabilitation method. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25899 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25899/7382

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 2055 2064 Ae Ri Jang Department of Nursing, Nambu University, 1 Nambudae-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62271, Republic of Korea Jeong-Eun Moon Department of Nursing, Honam University, 100 Honamdae-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62399, Republic of Korea 2020 08 13 2021 10 03 Background: Nursing educators commonly adopt simulations to educate nursing students and evaluate their clinical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of established nursing care simulations by evaluating, through video, a select number of nursing students in scenarios that simulate nursing care for Increased Intracranial Pressure (IICP) patients. Methods: The participants were students in their senior year at a nursing college in South Korea in 2018. We adopted a mixed-method design by first conducting a nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test research design, then analyzing the experimental group’s simulation videos. The participants consisted of 38 students in the experimental group and 39 students in the control group, and each group consisted of 9 teams. This study measured the level of anxiety (Cronbach’s α=0.780), critical thinking (Cronbach’s α=0.895), performance (Cronbach’s α=0.927), theoretical knowledge (Cronbach’s α=0.970), and analyzed clinical judgments by directly reviewing video from the experimental group. We used a mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 as its research checklist. Results: Confidence (P=0.000), theoretical knowledge (P=0.000), clinical performance (P=0.017) indicated statistically significant increases in the experimental group. We subsequently identified 10 clinical judgment processes, including “Identify the patient’s condition” to “Reassess the condition after symptoms improve” by analyzing the simulation videos. Conclusion: Developing a simulation for nursing care is effective in honing students’ clinical judgment and enhancing their theoretical knowledge, confidence, and clinical performance. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21804 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21804/7383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2065 2075 EN Dariush Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Rojiar Asgarian Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Hochschule Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany Amelia Seifalian 1. Division of Medicine, Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom 2. Watford General Hospital, Watford, United Kingdom Paria Mostafaeinejad 1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2. Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Maryam Eslami 1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2. Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2020 12 07 2021 07 18 Background: Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X, is a genetic disorder caused by the partial or complete lack of an X chromosome. TS can cause a variety of medical and developmental conditions. We aimed to investigate TS mosaicism and variants pattern and research the presence of a correlation between the different variant’s factors and TS occurrence. Methods: From 1984-2018, 100,234 patients referred to the Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran, for karyotyping were studied. TS was determined by the chromosomal assay, and the patients’ karyotype was obtained from amniotic fluid and blood samples. Different variants of the TS diagnosed patients were investigated, including maternal and paternal age at pregnancy, parental consanguinity, and the presence/absence of a family history of the disease. Results: Overall, 261/100,234 (0.26%) were diagnosed with TS. These, 150 cases were identified to have the classical 45,X karyotype and 111 cases were identified to have either TS mosaicism or other less common variations of TS karyotyping. Higher parental age at pregnancy and TS data suggested that the occurrence of TS is significantly higher. Conclusion: Data suggest parental age at pregnancy is an important factor for TS occurrence. Hence, prenatal screening in these groups of parents recommended. This study also implicates early medical diagnostic testing before the onset of puberty or as soon as symptoms arise is essential for early treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23095 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23095/7384

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2076 2084 Rasoul Alimi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Hami Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Monavar Afzalaghaee Management & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh Nazemian Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahmood Mahmoodi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Yaseri Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hojjat Zeraati Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 25 2020 04 10 Background: Graft and patient survival are of great importance after transplantation. This study aimed to determine the long-term survival rate of kidney transplantation and its effective factors among transplanted patients in Mashhad transplantation centers in northeastern Iran. Methods: Overall, 618 kidney transplant recipients were examined in different transplantation centers during the years from 2000 to 2015 in a historical cohort study. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test were used to calculate the survival rate of the kidney transplant, and to check the difference between survival curves respectively. Modeling of effective factors in survival rate was performed using Cox regression model. Results: Overall, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15-year survival rate of kidney transplantation were 99%, 98%, 97%, 93%, 88 and 70% respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio indicated that variables such as recipient age >40 yr [HR=0.22, 95% CI=(0.071,0.691)], serum creatinine after transplantation >1.6 Mg/dl [HR=3.03, 95% CI=(1.284,7.125)], history of hypertension [HR=6.70, 95% CI=(2.746,16.348)], and BMI [HR (normal weight versus underweight)=0.26, 95% CI=(0.088,0.761), HR (over weight versus underweight)=0.13,95% CI=(0.038,0.442)] were significant factors on kidney transplant survival rate. Conclusion: The short-term transplant survival rate was good in transplant patients. What's more, through a consideration of variables such as age, creatinine serum after transplantation, history hypertension and body mass index, as well as proper planning to control their effect, it is possible to improve the long-term graft survival rate. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19536 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19536/7385

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2085 2094 EN Shima Tabatabai Medical Education Department, Shahid Labbafi Nedjad Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nasser Simforoosh Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafi Nedjad Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Esmaeil Azimi Khatibani Department of Pathology, Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran 2019 09 30 2020 07 28 Background: To study the current trends in Obstetrics–Gynecology (Ob-Gyn) education and workforce in Iran since 1979 and to discuss the consequences and implications. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to describe the Ob-Gyn residency and fellowship growth and workforce profile in Iran (1979-2017).The first-hand data gathered from MOHME and Iran’s Medical Council. The Obstetrician-Gynecologist (Ob-Gyns) per 100000 populations’ ratio and the percentage changes calculated and the trends analyzed. Results: Between 1979 and 2017, the proportion of trained Ob-Gyns at national universities increased by 86.27%, the number of certified Ob-Gyns increased by 333% and, female Ob-Gyns increased by 1142%.The ratio of active gynecologists per 100,000 people was 5.0 in 1979 and 8.05 in 2017, represents an increase of 70%. Since 1979 the number of active gynecologists has increased by 278 and the number of active female gynecologists has increased by 996%. Since 1990 the maternal mortality per 100,000 live births decreased by 79.9% in Iran. However, since 1980 the Cesarean proportion increased by 203% in Iran. Conclusion: Ob-Gyn education has undergone remarkable growth. Ongoing research should focus on Ob-Gyn’s geographic distribution, and potential implications of female Ob-Gyns practice pattern and technologies on women’s health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18476 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18476/7386

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2095 2104 Azin Nahvijou Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 13 2020 09 24 Background: Cancer with 13% of all deaths is the third leading cause of mortality in Iran. We aimed to assess the burden of cancer in Iran by acquiring data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Methods: This study was conducted on the DALY approach to examine the cancer burden in Iran from 1990 to 2016. A list of all cancers was extracted using the International Classification of Disease, tenth revision (ICD-10). Then, the cancer burden was assessed based on the type of cancer. The Percentage change (PC) by Daly’s number and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was estimated. The cause of PC on the DALYs number from cancer was analyzed, and the share of every variable was determined. Results: In 2016, cancer caused 781.5 and 564 thousand DALYs for men and women, respectively. In all years, the DALYs number of cancer is higher in men than women. From 1990 to 2016, leukemia, stomach, tracheal, bronchus and lung (TBL) cancers were among the leading causes of cancer burden in Iran. The highest increase in PC of cancer DALYs from 1990 to 2016 happened by multiple myeloma with 302.4% and breast with 283.7%. The lowest increase occurred by Hodgkin lymphoma (-2.1%) and leukemia (18.2%). Conclusion: Cancers have grown more than doubled in terms of DALYs from 1990 to 2016. The majority of DALYs were due to Years of Life Lost, suggesting the need for prevention, early detection, and screening programs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17738 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17738/7387

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2105 2110 Alireza Heidari Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Mohammad Arab Department of Management and Health Economic, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behzad Damari Department of Governance and Health, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 08 14 2020 07 28 Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder that screening and timely control of this disorder can prevent the adverse effects. Regarding the high prevalence of PKU in Iran, the PKU screening program was started in Iran in 2006. This study was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of PKU screening in Iran. Methods: An economic evaluation was performed among screened and treated individuals compared to no screening in 2013. The study population included 1356132 newborns that screened for PKU diagnosis. Lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated from the perspective of government. A discount rate of 3% was considered for both QALYs and costs. A one-way sensitivity analysis was used for assessing the robustness of the results. Results: The discounted lifetime cost of intervention and non-intervention were $59528953.8 and $85295501.6 respectively. Therefore, the total estimated cost saving was $25766547.84. PKU screening produces an ICER of $1844420 per QALY gained. Conclusion: Screening and early treatment for PKU is highly cost-effective. Therefore, the screening can improve quality of life of the patients and increase financial saving in health syst