Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2697 2705 Elif Işık Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey Yavuz Özoran Faculty of Health Sciences, Avrasya University, Trabzon, Turkey Gamze Çan Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2021 11 09 2022 04 30 Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the psychosocial effects of noise on employees in Hydroelectric Power Plants in Turkey. Methods: The study was conducted in 2018, in operating Hydroelectric Power Plants located in the city of Artvin in Turkey with 110 employees. Data were collected by performing noise measurement, blood pressure measurement and using descriptive characteristics form and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Results: The average personal noise of the sample was 72.3±0.8 dB(A). The blood pressure of the employees were within normal limits. There was no significant difference between the noise levels and the sub-dimensions of the scales used. Conclusion: The measured mean noise of the sample was within normal limits as per the regulations regarding the protection of employees from noise. Measured BP means of employees during working and resting hours were within normal limits. DASS-42 subscale scores exhibited no difference depending on the noise level.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26827 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26827/7800

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2641 2653 EN Angshu Cai Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China Tian Zhou School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China 2022 02 21 2022 05 07 Background: Uric acid level has shown a certain relationship with the incidence of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI), whereas it remains controversial whether hyperuricemia can function as a predictor of PC-AKI in patients with different basic creatinine serum level. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for PC-AKI and to explore the relationship between hyperuricemia and basic renal function. Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved via searching in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and WAN FANG electronic databases from inception to Jan 2022. Only studies published in English and Chinese languages were selected. Results: Overall, 11892 patients from 15 studies were included. The results of the pooled analysis revealed that the incidence of PC-AKI was significantly higher in the hyperuricemia group than that in the normouricemic group (20.62% vs. 13.05%). Hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of the incidence of PC-AKI (odds ratio (OR): 2.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.77-3.46%]). The pooled ORs for mortality and incidence of undergoing renal replacement therapy were 2.33 (95% CI:1.81-3.00) and 8.69 (95% CI:3.22-23.44%), respectively. Comparatively, the pre-existing renal dysfunction subgroup had a lower relative risk in the hyperuricemia population. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia was found to be significantly associated with the incidence of PC-AKI. The effect of serum uric acid level on the incidence of PC-AKI was higher in patients with normal renal function, which could lay a foundation for the establishment of individualized schemes to prevent PC-AKI by urate-lowering therapy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27945 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27945/7795

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2817 2825 Xin Chu Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Jie Dai Neurology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Hengxiang Cui Clinical Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Hailin Shen Neurology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Qi Wu Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Xiangyang Zhu Neurology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China Baofeng Zhu Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China 2022 07 04 2022 09 02 We discuss the involvement of nuclear genetic variants correlating to observed phenotype in this case study. In January 2020, the 19-year-old boy from Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China with epilepsy symptom was identified to have myelin loss in the motor and sensory nerves in the electromyogram examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated high-intensity areas of small multifocal gray matter regions in the bilateral temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. In the serum of the patient, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lactic acid were higher than the normal range values in multiple tests. By subsequent whole exome sequencing (WES) including analysis of the mitochondrial genome, the patient was revealed to carry an m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondria MTTL1 gene which was confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing analysis. Thus, disease of the patient was diagnosed as mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. According to WES analysis, the patient also carried multiple homozygous variants, which correlating to myelinloss and epilepsy in nuclear genes. The peripheral neuropathy of the patient carrying single mitochondrial m.3243A>G mutation could be caused by multiple nuclear DNA defect.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29199 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29199/7813

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2831 2832 Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2020 03 17 2020 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20047 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20047/7815

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2706 2716 Change Zhang Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Wu Guo Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Sheng Wang Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Yuzi Di Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Dengting Wu Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China 2022 05 31 2022 07 31 Background: Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disease characterized by progressive destruction and disappearance of epidermal melanocytes. Exosomes have been discovered to regulate the pigment status of melanocytes. We aimed to explore the role of exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients on melanogenesis. Methods: Human melanocytes cell line PIG1 was treated with exosomes from the healthy volunteers or exosomes from the vitiligo patients referred to the Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, China and transfected with miR-21-5p mimic or inhibitor. Exosome labeling assay was used to assess whether exosomes were absorbed by melanocytes. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity assays were performed to investigate melanogenesis in melanocytes. The levels of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the relationship between miR-21-5p and special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 (SATB1). Results: Exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients were transferred into melanocytes and suppressed melanin content, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis-related genes and proteins levels. Besides, miR-21-5p was highly expressed in exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients. The results of the gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-21-5p inhibited the melanogenesis of melanocytes. Furthermore, miR-21-5p inhibitor abolished the inhibitory role of exosomes from peripheral blood of vitiligo patients. Subsequently, miR-21-5p directly targeted SATB1 in melanocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of SATB1 reversed the inhibitory roles of miR-21-5p mimic on melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and melanogenesis-related protein expression. Conclusion: Peripheral blood of vitiligo patients-derived exosomal miR-21-5p inhibited melanocytes melanogenesis via targeting SATB1.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28901 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28901/7801

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2654 2663 MohammadBagher Ghalibaf Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Majid Gholami Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Nooshin Mohammadian Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2022 02 05 2022 12 17 Food security, which is considered to be a public health-related socioeconomic factor, ensures the health of society's people and plays a significant role in improving governance. This concept is closely related to the concept of stability of food. The stability of food means that there should be adequate, quality, and nutritious food for all human beings, in all places and at all times, and no factor should prevent this important issue. Stability in food production and supply is at the heart of food security and makes food systems resilient in times of crisis. The negative impact of climate change on agricultural production, intensified inflationary trends, high food prices, increasing food waste, increasing the need for food imports, and, more significantly, ongoing international sanctions make it difficult to access affordable food and pose challenges to Iran's food security. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis has reduced the incomes of families and government by intensifying economic pressures on government incomes as well as rising unemployment, which has directly exacerbated food insecurity. The link between indicators of food stability and food security in Iran is the subject of this article. The key indicators selected are the percent of arable land equipped for irrigation, the cereal imports dependency ratio, the value of food imports over total merchandise exports, per capita food production variability, and, per capita food supply variability. Results show Iran is vulnerable to the arable land equipped for irrigation, food imports over total merchandise exports, and the cereal imports dependency ratio while being resilient per capita food production and food supply variability.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27747 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27747/7796

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2826 2830 Ali Akbar Zeinaloo Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza Mirzaei Ilali Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Aghaei Moghadam Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran Emran Esmaeilzadeh Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran 2021 09 09 2022 01 11 Mulibrey Nanism is a rare multisystem disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner caused by mutations in the TRIM37 gene. Most of the reported cases are from Finland, but this condition has rarely occurred in other countries. Although the clinical diagnosis of Mulibrey nanism is a challenge during the first months of life, the disease can be suspected clinically due to the distinctive features of the patients.  A 4-year-old female with pneumonia, cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, peripheral edema, and characteristic craniofacial features was referred to Tehran Hope Generation Foundation Genetic diagnosis Center, in October 2021. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of the patient and her parents and Whole exome sequencing was performed for the patient. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous G>A splice site variant (TRIM37; c.370-1G>A). Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of the variant with phenotype in this family. Whole exome sequencing can be helpful in the diagnosis of the patients suspecting to Mulibrey nanism and lacking sufficient clinical presentation according to the diagnostic algorithm.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26214 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26214/7814

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2833 2834 Milica Kovacevic Faculty for Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2020 08 04 2020 08 20 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21706 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21706/7816

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2717 2723 Gökhan Alıcı Department of Cardiology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey Ömer Genç Department of Cardiology, Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey Hazar Harbalıoğlu Department of Cardiology, Duzce Atatürk State Hospital, Duzce, Turkey Ahmed Başhir Department of Internal Medicine, Somalia-Turkey Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia Samir Allahverdiyev Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Aydın University VM Medical Park Florya Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Abdullah Yıldırım Department of Cardiology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey Alaa Quisi Department of Cardiology, Medline Hospital Adana, Adana, Turkey Örsan Urgun Department of Cardiology, Kozan State Hospital, Adana, Turkey İbrahim Kurt Department of Cardiology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey 2022 02 19 2022 12 17 Background: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between HATCH score [hypertension, age >75 yr, previous transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke (doubled), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure (doubled)] and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Overall, 572 COVID-19 patients hospitalized between Mar 15 and Apr 15, 2020, were included in this multicenter retrospective study, in Turkey. The HATCH score of each patient was calculated. Mortality results were followed for 50 days. The patients were divided into 2 groups developing mortality (n=267) and non-mortality (n=305). Clinical outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortality improvement status. Results: HATCH scores in non-survivors of COVID-19 were significantly higher than in survivors (P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, HATCH score (OR: 1.253, 95% CI: 1.003–1.565; P=0.047), platelet count (OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.993-0.998; P<0.001), C-reactive protein level (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.007-1.013, P<0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) level (OR: 0.963, 95% CI: 0.953-0.973; P<0.001) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The HATCH score is useful in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27915 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27915/7802

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2664 2673 Nooshin Mojahed Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Ali Mohamadkhani Department of Electrical Engineering ,Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran Ashraf Mohamadkhani Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 01 05 2022 07 31 Background: Climate change based on temperature, humidity and wind can improve many characteristics of the arthropod carrier life cycle, including survival, arthropod population, pathogen communication, and the spread of infectious agents from vectors. This study aimed to find association between content of disease followed climate change we demonstrate in humans. Methods: All the articles from 2016 to 2021 associated with global climate change and the effect of vector-borne disease were selected form databases including PubMed and the Global Biodiversity information facility database. All the articles selected for this short review were English. Results: Due to the high burden of infectious diseases and the growing evidence of the possible effects of climate change on the incidence of these diseases, these climate changes can potentially be involved with the COVID-19 epidemic. We highlighted the evidence of vector-borne diseases and the possible effects of climate change on these communicable diseases. Conclusion: Climate change, specifically in rising temperature system is one of the world’s greatest concerns already affected pathogen-vector and host relation. Lice parasitic, fleas, mites, ticks, and mosquitos are the prime public health importance in the transmission of virus to human hosts. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27394 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27394/7797

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2835 2837 Seung-Won Yang College of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea Se-Jeong Kwon College of Sport Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Korea 2020 10 07 2020 10 22 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22435 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22435/7817

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2724 2732 EN I Seul Ryu Department of Nursing, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongju, South Korea JaeLan Shim Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea 2021 07 11 2021 11 17 Background: We examined the relationships of compassion satisfaction and fatigue among shift nurses on nursing engagement activities related to patient safety with the aim of improving shift nurses’ physical and psychological aspects in order to use the findings as a basis to enhance nurses’ engagement in activities related to patient safety. Methods: The data collection period for this cross-sectional study was from Nov 21, 2019, to Jan 3, 2020. A convenience sample of 280 shift nurses who were working for more than six months at three tertiary hospitals in Korea was used. Collected data comprised general and job-related characteristics of subjects, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and patient safety nursing activities. SPSS was used for statistical analysis, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between shift nurses' compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and patient safety nursing activities Results: Compassion satisfaction had the greatest impact on engagement in nursing activities related to patient safety (β= .32, P<.001), followed by compassion fatigue. Higher compassion satisfaction and lower compassion fatigue indicates a higher engagement in patient safety-related nursing activities (β= -.15, P<.008). Conclusion: In order to maximize compassion satisfaction and reduce compassion fatigue among shift nurses, it is important for health policymakers to improve their welfare system and create a supportive environment where negative emotions can be expressed freely and accepted positively.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25535 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25535/7803

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2674 2687 Erfan Ayubi 1. Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Kamyar Mansori 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2021 08 27 2022 12 17 Background: We aimed to determine the association between maternal infections during pregnancy with risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed utilizing the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences up to July 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to estimate pooled relative risk (RR). Heterogeneity, study quality and publication bias were assessed through I2 value, Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and Egger's test, respectively. Results: Thirteen articles involving 1401904 mother-child pairs were included. The result of meta-analysis showed that the risk of ADHD increased by 30% among children whose mothers took any infections during pregnancy (pooled RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.49; I2=85.5, P<0.001). Overall, the included studies were good in quality and no publication bias was found (P=0.23, Egger’s test). Conclusion: Maternal infections during pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of ADHD in children.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26086 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26086/7798

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2838 2840 Le Thanh Tung Faculty of Economics and Public Management, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2020 07 21 2020 08 21 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21570 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21570/7818

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2733 2741 EN Zsuzsanna Kives Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary N Dóra Endrei Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Réka Vajda Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Orsolya Máté Institute of Emergency Care and Pedagogy of Health Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Noémi Németh Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Áron Vincze First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Imre Boncz Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary 2020 08 04 2021 03 06 Background: In 2015, in Csongrád County (Hungary), a general practitioner based colorectal screening model program was implemented by the financial support of the European Union. Our aim was to evaluate the indicators of screening program and to analyze the experiences and attitude of participants of colorectal screening pilot program. Methods: The colon cancer screening pilot programme was carried out in 2015 involving an average-risk population aged 50-69 in Csongrád county, Hungary (invited 22 130 persons). The screening method was iFOBT, the attendance rate was 51.2%. Overall, 5580 patients out of the 10374 participants completed the self-compiled questionnaire concerning socio-demographic data, current screening programs, stool sampling problems, invitation letters, information sources and future willingness of participation. Results: The response rate was 53%. 46.7% of the respondents had not heard about colorectal screening prior to the screening program. Participants with elementary education level mostly indicated physicians as primary information sources [OR: 2.72 (CI: 1.59-4.66)] than patients higher education level. 67.5% of patients decided alone about participation on screening. Among women, decisions supported by acquaintances were specific [OR: 2.05 (1.06-3.95]. 82.6% determined the iFOB test as an entirely accepted screening method. Medical advice is an important predictor of screening participation. If respondents were to receive an invitation after two years, 91.5% would be involved in the screening. Conclusion: The respondents were satisfied with the screening program. Awareness raising of men, lower educated patients, those living in major cities, and recommendation of the family physician may increase the participation rate in the future.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21710 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21710/7804

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2688 2696 Mohammad Reza Haghshenas Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mahmood Moosazadeh Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saeid Taghiloo Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Sogol Sattari Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, TehYear>2020 10 21 2021 06 21 PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) with the length of approximately 26-30 nucleotides are a distinct class of small non-coding RNAs that mainly expressed in the animal gonads. Other small RNAs originate from double stranded precursors but piRNAs derive from long single-stranded primary transcripts, which expressed from distinct genomic regions. piRNAs are involved in silencing of mobile elements named transposons and their main role is germline maintenance. Recent studies have opened new insights on biological and clinical significance of piRNAs in various diseases. Abnormal expression of piRNAs is a remarkable feature in many diseases especially human cancers, which emphasize on their important biological role in disease progression. Furthermore, they can be served as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. In this review, we explained piRNAs characteristics, biogenesis process and functions, discuss new findings about involvement of these elements in various disease and their potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22602 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22602/7440

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2495 2508 Farkhondeh Asadi Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nahid Ramezanghorbani Department of Development & Coordination Scientific Information and Publications, Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Sohrab Almasi Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz Hajiabedin Rangraz 1. Sport Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 2. Department of Development and Cooperation of Information and Science Publication, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 24 2021 08 02 Background: Data management related to eye injuries is vital in improving care process, improving treatment and implementing preventive programs. Implementation of a registry to manage data is an integral part of this process. This systematic review aimed to identify processes related to eye injury registries. Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were used in searching for articles from 2010 to Oct 2020 using the keywords “eye injuries” and” registry”. The identified processes related to eye injuries registry such as case finding, data collection, abstracting, reporting, follow-up and data quality control are presented in this review. Results: Of 1493 articles retrieved, 30 articles were selected for this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Majority of these studies were conducted in the United States. All registries had case finding and the most common resources for case finding included medical documents, reports and screening results. Moreover, majority of registries collected data electronically. However, few registries used data quality attributes to improve the data collected. Conclusion: Eye injury registry plays an important role in the management of eye injury data and as a result, better management of these data will be established. Taking into consideration that the quality of collected data has a vital role in adopting prevention strategies, it is essential to use high-quality data and quality control methods in planning and designing eye injury registries. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23984 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23984/7441

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2509 2516 EN Kobra Nakhoda Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soleiman Ahmady Department of Medical Education, Virtual School of Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Nasim Gheshlaghi Azar Virtual College of Medical Education and Management, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 26 2021 11 30 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rapid shift in student education style from face-to-face to electronic learning. Since the education satisfaction index is considered as a measure of the quality of educational services, therefore, this study aimed to assess E-Learning Satisfaction (ELS) in medical and non-medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Articles that had been published from 22 Dec 2019 to 4 Jan 2021 were identified through searching databases including PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Iranian Scientific Information Database (SID), Health.barakatkns, IranDoc, Civilica and MagIran using the following keywords: “Distance learning”, “Virtual learning”, “E-Learning”, “Satisfaction”, “COVID 19”. We systematically reviewed all studies that reported ELS. In this study, meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled ELS. Results: Overall, 184 records were identified by the electronic search, of which 24 relevant studies were included in meta-analysis. The pooled ELS in medical, non-medical and overall were 58.1% (50.5%-65.7%), 70.1% (66.8%-73.5%) and 63.8% (58.9%-68.8%) respectively. Conclusion: According to our results and lower ELS in medical students in comparison with non-medical students, designing new E-Learning methods for medical students has been suggested. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24003 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24003/7442

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2517 2525 Seok Hwan Kim Department of Health Care Administration, Seoyeong University Paju Campus, Wollong-myeon, South Korea Junga Lee Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 2020 05 18 2021 11 30 Background: We compared the associations of socioeconomic factors with stress and depression among family members living with a dementia patient in urban and rural areas of South Korea. Methods: Data were collected from 9,730 (4,560 urban and 5,170 rural) participants in the Korean Community Health Survey from 2014-17. The variable of interest was the presence of a cohabitating dementia patient, and the dependent variables were stress and depression. Results: Family members living with a dementia patient in rural areas had a significantly lower socioeconomic status (education, household income, marital status, and employment) than those living in urban areas (p<0.001). In addition, family members living with a dementia patient in rural areas reported statistically significantly less stress and depression than did those in urban areas after adjusting for related factors(rural stress OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.80-0.95; rural depression OR=0.75, 95% CI=0.66-0.85). Female gender and a low family income were associated with stress and depression in both rural and urban areas. Age, educational attainment, number of family members, marital status, and employment status differed slightly between urban and rural areas. Conclusion: The socioeconomic factors associated with stress and depression differ slightly in the rural and urban areas of South Korea. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20839 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20839/7443

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2526 2535 Ling Lei Department of Clinical Psychology, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nan-ning, Guangxi, China Jie Tang Department of Community Healthcare Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China Dong Su Department of Community Healthcare Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China Dazhi Deng Department of Drug Clinical Trials, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China Xuemei Huang 0000-0001-5601-1743 2021 10 07 2021 10 31 Background: Medical staff working in COVID-19 wards must be isolated and observed for 14 days upon the occurrence of psychological stress-induced hyperthermia (PSH). Such measures could result in great psychological pressure and incur considerable losses in anti-disease resources. Methods: In this study, the psychological conditions of medical staff were assessed over a period of 7 days in COVID-19 isolation wards of the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China and 7 days after leaving the wards by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). The relevant factors of PSH were analyzed by t- and rank sum tests. Results: A total of 10 females with an average body temperature of 37.36 ± 0.07 ℃ were included in the PSH group. Another 103 females and 53 males with an average body temperature of 36.66 ± 0.21 ℃ were included in the control group. The PSQI, GAD-7, PHQ-9, IES-R, and PCL-C scores of the PSH group were higher than those of the control group. Binary regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios of the PSQI and GAD-7 scores were 12.98 and 3.81, respectively (P < 0.05). After positive intervention, the body temperature and psychological scale scores of both groups returned to normal ranges. Conclusion: Working in COVID-19 wards could cause susceptible medical staff to suffer from PSH. Female sex, somnipathy, and GAD are independent risk factors of PSH. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26511 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26511/7444

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2536 2545 Zhiying Ding Emergency Department, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261041, China Hongxia Jiang Department of Endocrinology, The Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266041, China Yongsong Fan Education Management Department, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, China Guiqin Sun Department of Endocrinology, The Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266041, China 2021 03 23 2021 07 18 Background: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of adalimumab on diabetic nephropathyDN) through animal models. Methods: We carried out the study in Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261041, China in December 2020. Streptozotocin was used to induce DN in model animal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The DN animal model was given treatment with adalimumab, and the inhibitory effect of adalimumab on the development process of DN was evaluated by detecting changes in blood glucose and urinary albumin levels. Meanwhile, the content of UN, Cr and CysC of the blood in different experimental groups was tested by weighing the ratio of kidney and performing ELISA to evaluate the protective effect of adalimumab on kidney of DN animal model. In addition, the changes in the transcription and translation levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and its downstream regulatory factors MCP-1 and NF-kB in kidney of different experimental groups were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot tests to further reveal the molecular mechanism of adalimumab inhibiting the diabetic nephropathy. Results: adalimumab could significantly downregulate blood glucose and urinary albumin levels (P <0.05). The renal body weight ratio and the contents of UN, Cr and Cysc in blood in the adalimumab group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P <0.05). Meanwhile, adalimumab could significantly downregulate the expression of these molecules (P <0.05). Conclusion: adalimumab could exert its therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy through its specific targeting TNF-α signaling pathways. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24271 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24271/7445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 12 01 2546 2554 Yibing Wang Department of Statistics, School of Business, Shandong University, Weihai, China Xun Sun Department of Metabolic Disease, Weihai Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Weihai, China Hui Ma Department of Metabolic Disease, Weihai Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Weihai, China Xueling Qu Department of Metabolic Disease, Weihai Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Weihai, China Haitao Wang Department of Metabolic Disease, Weihai Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Weihai, China 2019 12 11 2020 05 05 Background: We aimed to determine the risk factors associated with cognitive performance in older adults in China. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in a group of 1,898 adults aged 60 yr and over in China, Cognitive score was determined by a modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSM). The dietary intake of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from cereal source foods (CSF) were calculated by using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Chinese Food Composition Tables. Descriptive statistics and multivariate mixed regression models were utilized to explore the association between the intake of these elements and cognitive function. Results: The mean dietary intakes of Fe, Zn and Cu from CSF were 12.01, 6.90 and 1.30 mg/d respectively. Compared with participants in the high-cognitive group, those in the low-cognitive group had lower total dietary intakes of Fe, Zn and Cu. However, with respect to ratios of CSF-Zn, CSF-Fe and CSF-Cu to their respective total values, participants in the low-cognitive group had significantly higher ratios than those in the high-cognitive group. The results of multivariate mixed regression model revealed that although total dietary Zn intake was positively linked with cognitive function, the CSF-Zn/Zn ratio was negatively associated with cognitive performance. Conclusion: Excessive intake of Zn from a specific food source, such as CSF, was found to be negatively associated with cognitive status. Avoiding over-intake of Zn from CSF foods and diversifying intake of Zn from different food sources seemed to protect individuals from cognitive decline. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19166 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19166/7459

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2555 2559 Na Zhang 1. Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China 2. Women and Children's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China Ying Wang 1. Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China 2. Women and Children's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China Li Zhang 1. Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China 2. Women and Children's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China Chanyun Xiao 1. Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China 2. Women and Children's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China 2021 05 21 2021 11 30 Background: To analyze the complications and outcome of mediastinal uterine pregnancy, and put forward targeted prevention and treatment measures. Methods: A total of 248 pregnant women with mediastinal uterus treated were enrolled from Jan 2015 to Dec 2018 in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, China. The data, including complications of pregnancy, gestational weeks, mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, placental condition and perinatal prognosis, were collected and analyzed. Results: There were 12 cases with abnormal fetal position in the previous cesarean section. The total number of cases with abnormal fetal position was 99(49.75%). For women with abnormal fetal position during mediastinal uterine pregnancy, there was a significant increase in the incidence of placental abruption (P<0.05). The average gestational age at termination of pregnancy was 37+5weeks. There were 55 cases (22.18%) of premature and 49 cases (19.75%) of premature rupture of membranes, including 29 cases of abnormal fetal position and premature rupture of membranes, mediastinal uterus preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes (P<0.05). There were 13 cases (5.24%) of postpartum hemorrhage, natural birth without neonatal asphyxia, five cases (2.02%) of neonatal asphyxia, preterm birth, and 51 cases (20.56%) of placental adhesion. Of these, 37 cases were cesarean, 13 were spontaneous production, and 71 were fetal umbilical cord winding. Conclusion: The pregnancy induced spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes and abnormal fetal position in mediastinal uterus are significantly higher than normal pregnancy. The complications during delivery are significantly higher than in normal pregnant women. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25013 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25013/7446

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2560 2566 Juan Sun Nephrology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, China Wei Cao Nephrology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, China Yang Song Nephrology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, China Chunmei Yuan Nephrology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, China 2021 04 27 2021 07 17 Background: We aimed to explore the effect of Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) circulation nursing on the prevention of aneurysm after hemodialysis. Methods: A total of 139 hemodialysis patients from Oct 2018 to Jan 2020 in Nephrology Department of the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, China were enrolled. They were randomly divided into control group and PCDA group, including 58 patients in control group and 81 patients in PCDA group. Patients' satisfaction, blood flow in arteriovenous internal fistula and the incidence of post-dialysis vascular-related complications were statistically investigated in the two groups. Results: The satisfaction of patients in PDCA group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.001). In addition, when there was no statistical difference in blood flow between the two groups, the probability of complications such as internal fistula obstruction, thrombosis, infection, secondary puncture and aneurysm was lower in patients in the PDCA group, none of which occurred aneurysm. Conclusion: PDCA circulation nursing can effectively improve the quality of care and medical effect of hemodialysis patients with internal arteriovenous fistula, improve patient satisfaction and reduce the incidence of complications. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24725 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24725/7447

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2567 2575 Jian Wang Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Xiuqin Chen Injury Prevention Division, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China Xiaoming Sun Department of General Practice, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Huifen Ma Injury Prevention Division, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China Yan Yu Injury Prevention Division, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevetion, Shanghai, China Chunxia Yao Injury Prevention Division, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China Zhipeng Li Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Limei Huang Injury Prevention Division, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China Qi Zhao Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2020 07 04 2021 03 06 Background: We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the 'Timed Up and Go' test (TUGT) for identifying fall risk in community-dwelling elderly. Methods: From Aug 2016 to Feb 2017, cluster sampling was conducted among residents aged over 60 from 15 communities in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews and TUGT measures were conducted to collect data. Results: 6,014 participants were enrolled, with an average age 72.7±7.0 years. 637 (10.6%) elderly people had a fall experience in the past year. TUGT for the non-fall group, one-fall group and recurrent-fall group was 9.02±4.39, 10.00±5.26 and 10.78±4.51 seconds respectively (P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that the TUGT cut-off point for the elderly was 12.5 seconds and AUC was 0.573 for any-fall group and 0.613 for recurrent-fall group respectively. After adjusting for age and gender, the predictive value was not high for any-fall group (AUC=0.614) and recurrent-fall group (AUC=0.648). The TUGT cut-off point for the elderly aged below 65, 65-74, 75-84 and 85 and above was 13.52s, 12.51s, 12.51s, 12.00s, respectively. After adjustment of the confounding factors, the OR values for the risk of fall for the elderly men and women who completed TUGT longer than the cut-off point was 2.404 and 2.075 times higher than those who completed TUGT shorter than the cut-off point, respectively. Conclusion: TUGT with the cut-off score of 12.5s has limited capability in predicting fall risk in community-dwelling elderly. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21337 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21337/7448

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 12 2021 11 30 2576 2583 Yan Li Digestive Internal, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Hailong Lei Internal Medicine-Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Ming Zhang General Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Guangming Wu General Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Caiyun Guo Digestive Internal, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Zijing Yang Digestive Internal, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Jingting Zhang Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Yuan Wang Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Jianbin Zhu Digestive Internal, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China Yongzhe Du Digestive Internal, The People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, P.R. China 2021 05 06 2021 06 21 Background: To study the molecular mechanism of cisplatin chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer cells and to explore the effect of miRNA in regulating the expression of glucose transporter 3 (SLC2A3) and the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. Methods: All samples were obtained from the People’s Hospital of Wuhai, Wuhai, China between June 2019 and June 2020. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out to check the expression of miR-103a in these cell lines. Western blotting and Luciferase reporter gene detection confirmed the regulation of the miR-103a/SLC2A3 axis. Western blotting detected the activation of SLC2A3, caspased-9 and -3. Results: The expression of SLC2A3 protein in colon cancer cell lines was significantly higher than that of normal colon cancer cells, while the expression of SLC2A3 miRNA showed no significant difference (P<0.05). Then, through clone formation analysis, SLC2A3 was closely related to the proliferation of human colon cancer cells. Functional recovery experiments showed that increa