Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1990 1998 Myoungjin Kwon Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, South Korea Sun Ae Kim Department of Nursing, Korea National University of Transportation, 61, Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909, South Korea Kawoun Seo Department of Nursing, Joongbu University, 201 Daehak-ro, Chubu-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungnam, 32713, South Korea 2021 05 31 2021 07 11 Background: Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological change that causes adolescents to experience anxiety, stress, and loss of control. These experiences can lead to thoughts about suicide. However, not all adolescents with suicidal thoughts attempt suicide. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence suicide attempts among adolescents with suicidal thoughts, and to prepare a theoretical basis for a method to prevent suicide among adolescents. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the 15th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2019) was used. The participants were 7,498 adolescents aged 12-18 yr with thoughts of suicide. Factors influencing suicide attempts among adolescents with suicidal thoughts were analyzed using a complex sample logistic analysis. Results: Gender, age, academic performance, and economic level were the general factors associated with suicide attempts of adolescents with suicidal thoughts. Physical and psychological factors included smoking, alcohol use, drug use, sex-related experience, experiencing violence, efforts to reduce weight, level of physical activity, and depression. Conclusion: Age and gender should be taken into consideration when designing suicide prevention activities. In addition, in order to lower the suicide rate of adolescents in Korea, an effective system of prevention and intervention strategies should be implemented, which attend to the issues of adolescents from low-income families, adolescent weight and body image concerns, and adolescent depression.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25121 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25121/7711

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1916 1924 Sam-hun Park Asia Contents Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Jiwon Shim Department of Philosophy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea 2022 07 06 2022 09 02 Background: The purpose of this study was to present a plan for utilizing electroceuticals to secure social reliability in Korea by investigating and analyzing the trends of humanities and social science research in Korea regarding electroceuticals.  Methods: The present situation of academic papers in the fields of humanities and social sciences that had researched electroceuticals in Korea and the topics that were directly related to electroceuticals had been reviewed and analyzed. Results: Regarding researches related to electroceuticals in the fields of humanities and social sciences in Korea, they were insufficient quantitatively. Qualitatively, they had leaned too much toward theoretical and abstract discourses regarding neuroethics and neurophilosophy.  Conclusion: If researches in the fields of humanities and social sciences known to play a role in preparing practical guidelines could be carried out sufficiently while preparing a base for solving actual problems raised by electroceuticals, they could actually help plan a specific electroceuticals policy and a law to secure social reliability. Among principles of general life medical ethics (principles of biomedical ethics), when considering the principle of justice, the investment by the Korean government regarding research and development of electroceuticals, the rationalization of electroceuticals regulations, the application of electroceuticals of public health insurance benefit, and voluntary efforts of electroceuticals corporations are important in order to have strong plans for securing the social reliability of electroceuticals. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29224 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29224/7705

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2135 2137 Doohwan Kong Department of Sports Medical Center and Sports Medical Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea Sangjin Yang Department of Health and Exercise Management, Tongwon University, Gyeonggi, Korea Wi-Young So Sports Medicine Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Young-Joo Kim Department of Exercise Rehabilitation Welfare, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 2022 08 24 2022 09 04 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29642 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29642/7727

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1999 2006 Xiaoyin Cong Department of Clinical Psychology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, Nanjing, China Yong Li Department of Clinical Psychology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, Nanjing, China Rongrong Bian Department of Clinical Psychology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, Nanjing, China 2022 03 09 2022 06 29 Background: We aimed to explore the relationship between the sleep and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from the perspective of personality factors. Methods: Overall, 167 patients with IBS-– from First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in Jiangsu Province of China in 2019 were included. Gastrointestinal Symptom Score (GIS), Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were used to assess gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep and personality. We use mediator variables analyze to explore the relationship between sleep, neurotic personality and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients. Results: 48.5% of IBS patients had sleep disorders. IBS patients with high neuroticism had higher total PSQI scores, longer sleep latency, worse sleep persistence, more nocturnal sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunctions, and more use of sleep medication (P<0.05). Stomach distention, cramping epigastric pain, loss of appetite, and epigastric pain were more prominent in IBS patients with high neuroticism (P<0.05). In addition, neurotic personality was significantly predictive of sleep and some gastrointestinal symptoms, and sleep was a complete mediator of neurotic personality and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients. Conclusion: High neurotic personality in IBS patients leads to more prominent gastrointestinal symptoms by causing sleep disturbance. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28099 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28099/7712

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1925 1935 Ma Yiyi Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China Qian Xiaoqin Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China Zhang Lei Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China 2022 03 26 2022 05 30 Background: Chronic liver disease, complicated by portal hypertension (PH), may alter the extra-hepatic hemodynamic condition and spleen stiffness (SS). We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based elastographic methods (MRE) for detecting PH. Methods: Seven studies were included with reference to SS with regard to the prediction of PH patients. Major outcomes considered for data extraction were diagnostic parameters for MRI for concluding mild PH, clinically significant PH and severe PH. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane and Science Direct databases were used to extract the published literature through to May, 2021Using the Rayyan Zotero and R softwares Results: Out of 587 studies extracted, 7 were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A QUADAS-2 assessment showed that all studies were clear in terms of patient selection and reference standard. A funnel plot showed that all the selected studies were outliers, indicating a low level of accuracy for the studies included. Subgroup analysis, with reference to SS as a predictor of PH, revealed raw mean difference (RMD) of 7.78% (95% CI 5.23-10.34, P<0.01). The corresponding RMD observed for <60 years and >60 yr were 34.26% (95% CI 9.33- 59.20, I2=100%, https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28245 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28245/7706

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2138 2140 EN Mario Javier Olivera 1. Parasitology Team, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia 2. Programme in Health Economics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia Johana Alenxandra Fory Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia 2020 03 21 2020 04 30 N/A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20080 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20080/7728

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 2007 2016 EN Myeonghun Bae Department of Elementary Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Republic of Korea 2022 07 29 2022 09 03 Background: The study aimed to analyze happiness levels and leisure life satisfaction related to participation in sports leisure activities, and the differences in satisfaction levels by the type of participation events and participants’ demographic backgrounds. Methods: This study was based on the 2020 Korea National Leisure Activities Survey using stratified multi-stage cluster sampling with a population over the age of 15 years and a nationwide survey. Moreover, a household visit interview survey was conducted from September 7 to November 16, 2020. A total of 10,088 people (5,003 males and 5,085 females) responded to the survey. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were performed. Results: The analysis of the distribution of participants and the happiness level and overall leisure life satisfaction between participants in sports and non-sports leisure activities showed significant differences (P<0.05). Participants in sports leisure activities had higher levels of happiness and satisfaction with leisure activities than those in non-sports leisure activities. There were significant differences in satisfaction with participation in sports leisure activities by type of sports, age, educational level, marital status, and household income level (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences in participation in sports leisure activities by type of sports, age, educational level, marital status, and household income level, and the satisfaction level of participants in sports leisure activities differed according to these factors. This suggests that various educational efforts are required to combine physical education with sports leisure activities in school. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29437 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29437/7713

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1936 1949 Reza HabibiSaravi Prehospital Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Management Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Seyed Mohammad Baghbanian Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ramin Navaie Prehospital Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Management Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Nasrin Sayfouri Department of Foreign Languages, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hesam Seyedin Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Gohardehi Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba Ghasemihamedani Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 07 2021 11 29 Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients experience a variety of disease caused disabilities that makes them more vulnerable to the effects of disasters. This study aimed to review all existed studies about disasters and related disaster management planning about MS patients. Methods: The PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, ProQuest, science direct , and grey literature databases were searched up to the mid of 2021. All obtained titles were assessed by the inclusion criteria. Abstracts of the relevant titles were reviewed and eligible articles/documents were included for full text review and data abstraction. Results: From 24616 Articles/documents, finally 15 documents (13 articles, and 2 books) were selected. In 8 articles (53%) specifically, focused on MS patients and, in the rest focused on them as a member of people with disabilities. Most studies (10, 71.4%), emphasized on the disaster induced stress effect on MS patients. In two books/book sections, the disaster preparedness plan for all types of disabilities was presented in general, and MS patients were mentioned as a member of the group of patients with disabilities. Conclusion: Despite the importance of planning in response to disasters to address specific problems of MS patients, there is a lack of proper planning. This is very important and there is an urgent need to develop appropriate planning protocols for addressing the special conditions of MS patients in response to disasters. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23802 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23802/7707

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2141 2142 EN ByungHoon Woo Department of Physical Education, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, South Korea JaeWoo Lee Department of Sports Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, South Korea JunSung Park Department of Sport Welfare, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, South Korea 2022 05 27 2022 06 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28873 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28873/7729

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 2017 2026 EN Xiaochun Chen Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Yangli Dai Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Yan Zheng Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Ting Yuan Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Guanping Dong Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Wei Wu Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Ke Huang Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Jinna Yuan Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Junfen Fu Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Xuefeng Chen Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 2021 03 05 2021 08 16 Background: The prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes is increasing in pediatrics and diabetes education plays one of the most important role in the management of diabetes, especially in children. However, the related evidence concerned diabetes education is rare in children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the status of diabetes education in hospital, which could help us know the reality of diabetes education. Methods: We choose a nurse who is mainly responsible for diabetes education and management in each hospital to fill out the questionnaire. Overall, 98 nurses were enrolled from tertiary children's specialized hospitals and pediatric wards of general tertiary hospitals from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019. Results: Of 98 nurses enrolled, 61 (63.3%) nurses from 98 hospitals responded, 39 (63.9%) of them received specialized training in diabetes. There were no differences in education characteristics among regions of China. There were 26(42.6%) hospitals have a full-time nurse for diabetes education or nurses with endocrinology training increased with the number of cases/year (P=0.02 and P=0.009). The use of game-based education, knowledge assessment at discharge did not vary among hospital volumes, and the presence of a psychiatrist (P=0.41, P=0.65, and P=0.85, respectively). Diet management education is the most common (23.0%) difficulty in children diabetes education. Conclusion: The level of diabetes education in children and adolescents varied among hospitals, but not among regions in China. There was a lack of resources provided for children and adolescents diabetes education in terms of training and specialized services. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24058 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24058/7714

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1950 1963 Saeid Amirian Department of Health Economy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohammad Ahmadi Institute of Economic Research, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Abbas Assari Arani Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ezatollah Abbasian Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2020 09 28 2022 09 03 Medical tourism is a new form of tourism grown significantly in recent years across the world and in Iran. The flow of medical tourism today is from developed countries to developing countries. Yet, demand volatility due to systematic risks can hurt industry players. The occurrence of systematic risks in the tourism industry, especially medical tourism, is common. The latest case of systemic risk is the COVID19 pandemic. The present study aimed to detect and study the factors that can help companies to be more resilient in the occurrence of systematic risks in the medical tourism industry. The Delphi method was used to summarize and analyze the industry managers’ perception of the above factors. The results of analyzing the perceptions of managers of companies operating in the medical tourism industry show that debt advantage, liquidity and profitability, and operational efficiency are the determinants that play the most important role in the resilience of companies against systematic risks. The role of advertising is also relatively agreed upon by the managers. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22358 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22358/7708

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2143 2144 EN Sanja Bijelovic 1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 2. Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia Marija Jevtić 1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 2. Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia Natasa Dragic 1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia 2. Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia Emil Zivadinovic Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia 2018 12 15 2018 12 22 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15618 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15618/7730

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 2027 2033 Kyung-A Choi National Institute of Medical Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin, South Korea Mehdi Rezaei National Institute of Medical Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin, South Korea 2022 09 03 Background: Urban parks play a noticeable role in city areas for making connections between nature and the residents of cities, especially from a mental health perspective. This paper investigated how the number and types of urban parks impact city residents' mental health. Method: This study used the data collected by the Community Health Survey in Seoul, South Korea in 2020 (n=22915). The type and number of local parks were categorized based on each district, and three variables of mental health were selected, including ‘subjective health awareness’, ‘stress awareness’ and ‘depression rate’. Correlation and interaction analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between variables. Result: The data indicated that both the quantity and types of the urban parks were associated with mental health of the residents. Positive mental health is likely to be associated with higher density of local parks in a district. It seems that parks characterized by children's activity and have nature-focused design, are more effective in changing the mental health of residents. Discussion: The research demonstrates a positive relationship between the quantity of urban parks and mental health in the scale of city districts. However, such a correlation can differ based on the type of parks, as well as the quantity of greenery in an area. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29715 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29715/7715

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1964 1976 Tooran Nayeri 1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Shahabeddin Sarvi Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Rohallah Abedian 1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Shaban Gohardehi 1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Seyed Abdollah Hosseini 1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ahmad Daryani 1. Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2021 10 09 2022 01 08 Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases worldwide with a high impact on human and animal health. Body fluids such as milk are used to diagnose many parasitic diseases, including toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of milk as a non-invasive and alternative sample for serum in the diagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis. Methods: Five English-language databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) were explored for published articles before Dec 2020. Results: In total, 42 out of 2256 published articles were included in this systematic review. In 21 articles, serum and milk samples were evaluated simultaneously with serological or molecular tests, and the results were compared. The results of descriptive studies and a review of nine experimental studies showed that milk could be used as a non-invasive and alternative sample for the serum in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in milk, consumption of raw milk from infected animals can be a potential source of human infection and a significant threat to public health. On the other hand, due to the ease and cheapness of collecting milk samples, the use of milk is recommended for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26523 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26523/7709

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2145 2146 Eunjae Lee Olympic Studies Center, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea Seung-Taek Lim Department of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea Ji-Hoon Cho Department of Sports and Health, HwaSung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea 2022 01 28 2022 09 04 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27669 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27669/7731

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2034 2040 Nikita Valerevich Polukhin N.A. Semashko Department of Public Health and Healthcare, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Mos-cow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia Natalia Vladimirovna Ekkert N.A. Semashko Department of Public Health and Healthcare, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Mos-cow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia 2021 04 15 2021 07 26 Background: The internet is fast becoming one of the key instruments for seeking health-related information. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with internet use for health information among adults in the Russian Federation and to identify factors that explain its variation. Methods: The data were collected from the online survey conducted in Russian Federation on Aug-Sep 2020. A bivariate chi-square test was used to identify factors for further analysis. The binomial logistic regression model was fitted to the data to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: Overall, 1319 adults’ survey submissions were analyzed. The binomial regression model showed women (OR 1.507, 95% CI 1.152–1.972), those with higher education level (OR 2.688, 95% CI 1.380–5.234), avid Internet users (3–4 h per day OR 2.187, 95% CI 1.383–3.460; 5+ h per day OR 2.361, 95% CI 1.475–3.781) are more likely to seek the health information on the Internet. Older participants (35–49 yr OR .701, 95% CI .498–.988; 50+ yr OR .624, 95% CI .430–.907) and those who live in rural areas (OR .469, 95% CI .308–.712) are less likely to use the internet for health information. Conclusion: It is important to promote health information-seeking behavior among men, older, less educated individuals, and those who live in rural areas. The improvement of digital skills and infrastructure may engage those who experience difficulties accessing health information over the internet. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24589 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24589/7716

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 03 1977 1989 Shabnam Ghasemyani Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira Raoofi Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hadi Hamidi Department of English Language, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2021 03 03 2022 01 16 Background: The Health Transformation Plan (HTP), as the latest reform of Iran's health system, has been implemented gradually in several phases to facilitate the achievement of universal health coverage. We aimed to identify the achievements and challenges of the HTP from the beginning of its implementation in Iran health system. Methods: In this qualitative systematic review, English papers were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Google Scholar search engines in addition to Persian databases such as Magiran and SID from 2014-2020. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) checklists were used to assess the quality of the studies. Study selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and data analysis were done independently by two people. For analyzing the data, the Framework Analysis Method, based on the health system function framework of the WHO, was used. Results: Overall, 32 papers were included based on the inclusion criteria. The results were divided into four main themes: stewardship, financing, resource generation and service delivery, and20 sub-themes in the form of achievements and challenges. Regulatory and standardization, service packages, medical equipment and supplies, and the quality of health services were more repetitive. Considering the challenges of HTP, purchase process, motivational factors, and health services capacity were more repetitive. Conclusion: The administrative challenges in the implementation of the HTP have prevented the sustainability of the outcomes and their main goals. The use of strategic dynamic planning, anticipating sustainable financial resources, and strengthening the monitoring mechanisms could lead to further achievements. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24059 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24059/7710

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 9 2022 09 04 2147 2148 Sang Soo Kim Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daugu, South Korea Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2020 02 27 2020 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19832 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19832/7732 edicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Aliye TABATABAEE Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Narges JALILIAN Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Mahbube JAFARI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2018 07 15 2018 12 02 Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used for adjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen therapy may lead to serious side effects. Anti-apoptotic substances in combination with chemotherapy drugs can result in additive or synergistic effects. Lauryl gallate (LG), a Gallic acid derivative, has been proven to inhibit tumor growth, without affecting normal cells. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of TAM and LG in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Methods: In this experimental study, performed in ShahreKord University of Medical Science, Iran in 2017, the MCF-7 cells were treated by final concentrations of 10 μM TAM alone, and in combination with 200 μM of LG. We also used EX-527, as SIRT-1 inhibitor to examine the role of SIRT1 in cell apoptosis. BCL-2 and SIRT1 gene expression were measured by real-time PCR method, and cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry. Results: Tamoxifen alone and in combination with LG decreased BCL-2 expression 2.64±0.75 and 6.38±1.9 fold, respectively, after 48 h (P<0.05). SIRT1 expression was increased 1.67±0.22 and 2.47±0.34 - fold by TAM alone and in combination with LG, respectively (P<0.05). TAM alone and in combination with LG increased the percentage of apoptotic cells 15.79±2.81 and 60.67±6.23 percent, respectively after 48 h (P<0.001). Conclusion: The combination of LG and TAM is more effective for induction of apoptosis of breast cancer cells, compared to individual use of each. Thus, our data pave the way for new therapeutic options for suppressing breast cancer growth. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14028 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14028/6858

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1330 1338 EN Bahram HARATI Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Jamaleddin SHAHTAHERI Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci-ences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Teh-ran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossen Ali YOUSEFI Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ali HARATI Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran Ali ASKARI Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Nabi ABDOLMOHAMADI Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran 2018 06 11 2018 10 23 Background: Air pollution have led to severe problem of adverse health effect in the world. This study aimed to conduct the health risk assessment, cancer risk analysis, and non-cancer risk for exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in petrochemical industry. Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 123 samples were collected in the ambient air in Iran during winter 2016. For sampling and analysis of VOCs and H2S, 3 methods (numbers 1500, 1501, and 6013) presented by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) were used. For determination of risk assessment of chemical pollutants, semi-quantitative method presented by the Occupational Safety and Health Division, Singapore was used. Finally, for calculation of cancer risk analysis, Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and calculation of non-cancer risk, Exposure Concentration (EC) were used. Results: Average concentration of benzene (2.12±0.95) in breathing zone of workers were higher than the Threshold Limit Values-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) (P<0.05). Among chemical substance, benzene had very high rank of risk in petrochemical industry. Rank of risk for H2S, toluene, and xylene present in the breathing zone of workers was low. The mean cancer risk for workers exposed to benzene was estimated 8.78×10-3, in other words, 8.7 cancer per 1000 i.e. higher than the acceptable standard of 10-6. In our study, non-cancer risk for BTX was higher than the acceptable standard of 1. Conclusion: In particular, overall cancer and toxic risk can be associated with long term exposure to benzene. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13683 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13683/6859

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1339 1347 EN Alemeh KHADEMI Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin MANSURI Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Daryoush PAHLEVAN Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mahbubeh BOZORGI Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Malihe NASIRI Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh HEJAZI Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra AZIZIAN Department of Dermatology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Laila SHIRBEIGI Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 06 29 2018 11 11 Background: Hand Eczema (HE) is chronic skin disease with a high prevalence in population. It has negative impact on the quality of life. Due to the public interest in herbal remedies, we attempt to assess the efficacy of pumpkin ointment in treatment of chronic HE in this research. Methods:  This study was conducted in an outpatient clinic at Imam-Khomeini Hospital in Tehran (Iran) from May 2015 to Nov 2016. We performed a double-blind trial on 60 patients with chronic HE randomized to four groups included pumpkin, betamethasone, eucerin and almond ointment (n=15 for each group) for 28 days. Patients were ordered to apply ointments twice a day. Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) of the patients were evaluated by a dermatologist on the 1st, 14th and 28th d after the start of treatment. Results: Patients’ DLQI scores in pumpkin and betamethasone group was significant and pumpkin group showed a better response in quality of life (P=0.001). Betamethasone and pumpkin ointment were effective and showed significant improvement compared with almond and eucerin and reduce HECSI scores (P=0.002 and P=0.012 respectively). Betamethasone ointment outcome on HECSI scores in comparison with topical pumpkin was significant (P<0.001). No clinically adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Although pumpkin ointment showed a better response in patients’ DLQI in HE but it was less effective than betamethasone in decreasing HECSI. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13880 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13880/6860

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1348 1354 EN Mojtaba SALIMI Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Abedin SAGHAFIPOUR Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Hadi HAMIDI PARSA Deputy of Management and Resources Development, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Majid KHOSRAVI Deputy of Management and Resources Development, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 2018 06 25 2018 09 24 Background: The head louse infestation is a public health issue in the world especially, affecting most people who live in camps, school-aged children and their families. Head lice treatment has economic ramifications that often under calculated. The aim of this study was evaluation of economic burden associated with head louse infestation in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 500,002 infestations were diagnosed among suspected head lice infested people who referred to health care system in all provinces of Iran during 2017. Direct and indirect costs related to paid by patients and government systems were extracted by referring to accounting documents and interviews with patients and experts and were recorded in researcher-made forms. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for economic burden calculation. Results: The incidence rate of head lice infestation in Iran was 500,002/79,926,270 (625.5 per 100,000 populations). Economic burden of head lice in the country was calculated at 5,790,143$. Direct and indirect costs, governmental cost, out of pocket and total costs of head lice were included 3.14$, 2.84$, 5.98$, 5.60$ and 11.58$ per case respectively. Conclusion: The direct and indirect costs associated with treatment of infestations were relatively high. Therefore, the creation of medical facilities such as availability of diagnostic and treatment strategies can be effective in the control of infestation. The adoption of infestation prevention methods, such as health education to people at risk of infestation, reduces the incidence of head lice and imposition of related treatment costs on governmental health care system and head lice cases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13821 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13821/6861

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1355 1363 EN Abbas KAMALI Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Maryam MIRLOHI Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mahmod ETEBARI Department of Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Sohila SEPAHI Department of Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2018 05 26 2018 07 07 Background: This study measured tetracycline residue in table eggs sampled from Isfahan markets in 2015 and assessed the toxic effects of heated egg yolk on hepatic cells Methods: Forty commercial and six locally produced eggs were randomly collected and tested for tetracycline resides using competitive ELISA with a mean recovery value of 65.22% and limit of detection (LOD) of 4 ng/g. For the seven most contaminated samples, albumen and yolk were examined individually and, despite the very low detected level in the yolk, the samples were subjected to boiling for 10 min. Finally, the DNA damaging properties of the raw or treated egg yolks on hepatic cells were investigated using the comet assay. Results: The residue levels ranged from <LOD to 9.77 ng/g with a mean value of 4.95 ng/g, which was far below the maximum residue level (MRL) of tetracycline in eggs (200 ng/g) established by the EFSA. The concentration of tetracycline residue in the albumin and yolk of the seven most contaminated samples was 4.75 ng/g and 6.83 ng/g, respectively, while boiling reduced it by 20%. Heat treatment induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Heating resulted in a marked increase in the comet length, % DNA in the tail, and tail moment parameters by 60%, 3000%, and 5000%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the low concentration of tetracycline residue in samples, heat treatment can create degenerative compounds from tetracycline that can cause DNA damage in an in vitro model. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13476 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13476/6862

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1364 1371 EN Sima SHAHROKHZADEH Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Azam SOLEIMANI Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Dor-Mohammad KORDI-TAMANDANI Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Mohammad Hossein SANGTARASH Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Omid NEJATI Department of Paramedics, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Mohsen TAHERI Genetics of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2018 05 06 2018 09 24 Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) disease is the most common type of urinary tract anomalies in children. Genetic risk factors may be associated with the etiology of VUR.  The role of the Glutathione S‑transferases (GSTs) as multifunctional enzymes is cellular oxidative stress handling. This is the first study aimed at evaluating the relative risk of GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in VUR susceptibility in children and provides new important insights into the genetics of affected children. Methods: The study was done in 2013 in Sistan and Baluchestan University, eastern Iran. Genotyping of three GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes were determined using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in 216 reactions for 72 VUR children and 312 reactions for 104 healthy controls. Results: The presence of GSTT1 deletion was associated with high risk of VUR in children, whereas GSTP1 and GSTM1 genotypes did not show the same effect. Furthermore, the combination of GSTT1/GSTM1 and GSTT1/ GSTP1 genotypes showed a significant influence on lower risk of VUR in children. Conclusion: Deletion of GSTT1 functional gene is a genetic risk factor causing VUR in children. Interestingly, the combination of GSTM1 and GSTP1 null genotypes with GSTT1 has shown a protective role against risk of GSTT1 deletion. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13285 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13285/6863

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1372 1375 Mohammad Saeid EAEE-ZAVAREH Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza KARIMI-SARI Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran 2020 05 10 2020 05 21 N/A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20754 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20754/6864

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1376 1377 EN Jing QIAN Department of Obsterics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China Hong-Bo ZHAI Department of Obsterics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China 2019 06 24 2019 07 20 N A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17540 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17540/6865

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1378 1379 Jeong-Hyun LEE Department of Beauty Art, Youngsan University, Busan, Republic of Korea Yeona KIM Department of Beauty Art, Youngsan University, Busan, Republic of Korea Wi-Young SO Sports and Health Care Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea 2019 12 11 2020 03 29 N A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19168 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19168/6866

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1380 1381 EN Maryam SABOUR TAKANLOU Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey Seyed Ali RAHMANI Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran Yadollah AHMADI ASR BADR Department of Urology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mehrdad PASHAZADEH Department of Immunology, Science and Research Branch, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey Leila SABOUR TAKANLOU Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey 2018 08 06 2018 09 12 N A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14368 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14368/6867

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1382 1384 EN Eun Young JEON Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyung Bok University, Namyangju, South Korea Jeong Hyun LEE Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea Jong Tae PARK Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea 2018 07 20 2018 08 04 N A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14109 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14109/6868

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1385 1386 EN Ce ZHOU Department of Proctology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China Fu-Rong ZHANG School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China Yan-Li LIAO Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Jinxin Women and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, China Jian KANG Department of Proctology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China 2018 09 09 2018 09 24 N A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14681 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14681/6869

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 7 2020 06 30 1387 1389 EN Yuichiro OTSUKA Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan Yoshitaka KANEITA Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan Osamu ITANI Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan Sachi NAKAGOME Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Maki JIKE Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan Takashi OHIDA Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan 2018