Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1559 1567 EN Yeunhee Kwak Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea Hyejin Kim Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea Jung-Won Ahn Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea 2021 03 03 2021 07 26 Background: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the effects of health risk behaviors on the daily Internet usage of Korean high school students. Methods: The data of 19,830 high school students who responded to the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were analyzed from June to July 2018. Results: The mean daily Internet usage of high school students was 193.3±125.7 minutes. There were differences in daily Internet usage according to body mass index, grade level, school type, academic achievement, economic status, physical activity, number of physical education classes attended, safety accidents, and safety education (p<.05). Daily Internet usage also differed according to health risk behaviors, including smoking (t=8.32), alcohol consumption (t=9.36), drug use (t=4.51), and risky sexual behaviors (t=5.94). The daily Internet usage of students significantly increased in the absence of physical activity and with health risk behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an intervention program and provide education on increasing physical activity and reducing health risk behaviors for the proper management of health and Internet usage in adolescents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24057 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24057/7655

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1444 1460 Romy Hoogland 1. Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands 2. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands Lisa Hoogland 1. Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands 2. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands Krisna Handayani Pediatrics, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Mei Sitaresmi Pediatrics, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Gertjan Kaspers 1. Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands 2. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands Saskia Mostert 1. Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands 2. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2021 02 22 2021 06 15 Background: Physician dual practices (PDP) is a term used to describe physicians who combine work in public and private health-care sector. This study aimed to find evidence of PDP worldwide, investigate its reasons and consequences, and compare high-income (HIC) versus low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Methods: In this literature review, the search for PDP evidence was conducted in the English language. PubMed and Google were searched for relevant publications up to Sep 30, 2020. Results: Of 195 countries, PDP-reports were found in 157 countries (81%). No significant difference in prevalence of PDP was found between HIC (77%) and LMIC (82%). Most common reason for working in private sector was low government salaries in public hospitals (55%). This was more reported in LMIC (65%) than HIC (30%; P<0.001). Most common reason for working in public sector was patient recruitment for private practice (25%). This was more reported in HIC (45%) than LMIC (16%; P<0.001). PDP were described as detrimental to public health-sector in 58% of country-reports. Most common adverse consequence was lower quality-of-care in public hospitals (27%). LMIC with PDP-reports had more severe corruption (P<0.001), lower current health-expenditure (P<0.001), and higher out-of-pocket expenditure (P<0.001) than HIC. Scale of PDP was common in more LMIC (92%) than HIC (60%; P<0.001). Government policies to address PDP did not differ significantly between HIC and LMIC. Conclusion: PDP were present in most HIC and LMIC. In majority of reports a detrimental effect of PDP on public health-care was described.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23967 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23967/7645

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 29252 29252 Dariush D. Farhud 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center of Aging Health, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shaghayegh Zokaei School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2022 07 09 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29252 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29252/7676

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1677 1678 Shujuan Qu The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China Min Zhou 1. School of Business Administration, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China 2. School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China Lindu Zhao School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China Kathryn S Campy Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA Mingyi Zhao The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China 2019 11 16 2019 12 01 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18957 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18957/7670

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1568 1575 EN Lisandra Silva Brito School of Dentistry, UNINOVAFAPI University Center, Teresina, Brazil Magna Venâncio Santos School of Dentistry, UNINOVAFAPI University Center, Teresina, Brazil Wanderson Carvalho de Almeida School of Dentistry, State University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil Lucas Fernandes Falcão School of Dentistry, UNINOVAFAPI University Center, Teresina, Brazil Daniel Fernandes Falcão School of Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil Giselle Torres Feitosa School of Dentistry, UNINOVAFAPI University Center, Teresina, Brazil Raony Môlim de Sousa Pereira School of Dentistry, State University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil Maria Arêa Leão Ferraz School of Dentistry, State University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil Carlos Monteiro Falcão School of Dentistry, State University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil 2020 04 21 2022 04 13 Background: Microscopy is a resource used in endodontics as an aid in the study of pulp and periapical pathologies; it has allowed Endodontics to become more accurate, less invasive and has enabled greater chances of success in treatment. We aimed to map the scientific production on “microscopy” and “endodontics” in the databases, the ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of Science tm. Methods: This bibliometric survey was conducted using ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of Science database, in the time frame between the years 1945 and 2016, the first being found in 1981. Results: Overall, 287 articles were identified. These articles are published in 63 different journals and were written by 1145 authors who have links to 336 institutions, located in 46 countries. To achieve these articles, 5,668 references were used, with an average of approximately 20 references per article. In the national literature the number of studies on the subject is broad compared to the international literature. Conclusion: The bibliometric review showed the potential of microscopy in clinical practice, the continuity of the investigation, in view of the need to expand knowledge on the topic that remains relevant. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20450 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20450/7656

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1461 1468 Yong-Jin Hong Department of History Education, Korea University, Seoul, Korea You-Ki Min Department of History, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Sangduk Lee Institute of Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Sungmin Choi Institute of Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea 2022 04 05 2022 07 09 The policies of response to and prevention of heat waves in France in 2003 and in South Korea in 2018 were compared and reviewed to see how public health policy orientation was being expanded in connection with urban and social policies. The statistics of the patients with heat illness and resulted death in France in 2003 and South Korea in 2018 were analyzed. The results and limitations of the French and Korean responses to heat waves were compared and discussed. The heat wave in France in 2003 caused an excess death of 14,802. The 2018 heat wave in South Korea resulted in 4,526 cases of heat illness and 48 deaths. France’s National Heat wave Plan established in 2004 introduced the warning system and strengthened support for the vulnerable. The heat wave in South Korea in 2018 revealed the success and limitations of the national measures that have been gradually implemented since the mid-2000s. Both France and South Korea are making efforts in preventing heat illness and managing health risk through the warning systems, providing public and social support for the vulnerable, and expanding urban infrastructure. Paris puts priority on the long-term prevention of heat wave, in the wider context of climate change response, while Seoul shows a relatively strong point in immediate infrastructural expansion. In order to respond to the climate crisis and the following health risk, public health policies need to be contrived with deeper connection with urban social policies for sustainable development. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28340 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28340/7646

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1679 1680 EN Wissal Abassi University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, 7100 Kef, Tunisia Nejmeddine Ouerghi 1. University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, 7100 Kef, Tunisia 2. Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia Nidhal Jebabli University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, 7100 Kef, Tunisia Moncef Feki Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia Anissa Bouassida University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, 7100 Kef, Tunisia 2020 01 21 2020 02 02 No abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19497 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19497/7671

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 7 2022 07 09 1576 1584 Huadong Shen School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China Mu Li School of Law, Humanities, and Sociology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China Li Li School of Marxism, Huanzhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China 2022 05 16 2022 06 29 Background: Inferiority feeling leads to the negative reactions such as depression and anxiety among community youth, social exclusion also forms their negative emotions due to the alienation of social relations. We aimed to explore the effect of social exclusion on the inferiority feeling of community youth. Methods: In December 2021, a total of 681 community youth from Wuhan in China were selected as the research object. They were evaluated using a social exclusion scale, inferiority scale, and rumination scale, respectively. The mediating effect of rumination on g 23159 patients and 40440 chapters about healthy information sent to patients from Mar 2019 to January 2021 by smartphone. The data showed that 91.2% of participants resolved that the evaluation effect of the proposed application was better, in comparison with the paper version as routine verbal instruction. Additionally, 85.3% of participants wanted to continue to receive medical education information after discharge from the hospital. The top four most popular medical education information that they would like to receive included drug administration, disease prevention, nursing, and home care. Moreover, the top four most popular types of user suggestions were one-on-one online Q & A, continue to see every session, accelerate the speed of browsing and page updated, and free Wifi. The user satisfaction of the application was considerably high. Conclusion: The apps was welcomed by patients who wanted to increase their knowledge level of disease and perform self-management better. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26421 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26421/7588

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1030 1039 Nuzhat Parveen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-81451, Saudi Arabia Sehar-un-Nisa Hassan Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-81451, Saudi Arabia Aqeela Zahra Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-81451, Saudi Arabia Naveed Iqbal Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-81451, Saudi Arabia Asma Batool Maternity and Children Hospital Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia 2022 01 12 2022 03 17 Background: We assessed risk factors, antenatal and intrapartum complications associated with early-onset Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in comparison with late-onset GDM. Methods: This retrospective study included 161 GDM women having singleton pregnancies, without previous medical disorder and delivered at a tertiary care Hospital in Ha’il City, KSA from Dec 2020 till Jun 2021. Women diagnosed at < 24 weeks of pregnancy were grouped as early-onset GDM (n=71) and those diagnosed at ≥ 24 weeks as late-onset GDM (n=90). Both groups were matched for background variables. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were applied with P-value significance at 0.05. Results: Past history of GDM, macrosomia and stillbirth were significant predictors for early-onset GDM (P value 0.000, 0.002 and 0.040 respectively). Regression analysis showed early-onset GDM significantly increases the risk for recurrent urinary tract infections (AOR 2.35), polyhydramnios (AOR 2.81), reduced fetal movements (AOR 2.13), intrauterine fetal demise (AOR 8.06), macrosomia (AOR 2.16), fetal birth trauma (2.58), low APGAR score at birth (AOR 8.06), and neonatal ICU admissions (AOR 2.65). Rate of preterm birth, hypertensive disorders, labor onset (natural vs. induced) and cesarean section and intrapartum maternal complications were same in both groups. Conclusion: Early-onset GDM significantly increases certain maternal (recurrent urinary tract infections, polyhydramnios and reduced fetal movements) and fetal complications (intrauterine fetal demise, macrosomia fetal birth trauma, low APGAR score at birth and neonatal ICU admissions). Most of these adverse pregnancy outcomes can be prevented through early registration and screening, close follow up, growth ultrasounds, and provision of efficient emergency and neonatal care services. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27470 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27470/7589

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1040 1048 Chunyan Tan Urinary Nephropathy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000, China Yan Qin Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000, China Chunlian Liao Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000, China Jihong Liu Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000, China Qian Peng Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000, China Wei Jiang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000, China Xiuni Gan Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, 400000, China 2021 09 30 2021 11 29 Background: To analyze the effect of continuous nursing model based on WeChat public health education on self-management level and treatment compliance of stroke patients. Methods:  Overall, 98 stroke patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing,400000,China from Feb 2018 to Feb 2019 were enrolled as the research objects. They were randomly and equally divided into experimental group and control group. The control group received routine nursing management model while the experimental group received continuous nursing model based on WeChat public health education to compare the self-management level, treatment compliance, life quality and other indexes between the two groups. Results: The overall self-management level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The life quality scores in both groups after nursing intervention increased, and the scores in the experimental group after nursing intervention were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). The total treatment compliance rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.001). After nursing intervention, the readmission rate and complication rate in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of continuous nursing model based on WeChat public health education for stroke patients can significantly enhance the self-management level, improve the cognitive level on stroke related-health knowledge, improve treatment compliance of patients in the nursing process, promote their physical and mental health, improve the life quality and effectively reduce the complication rate and readmission rate. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26435 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26435/7590

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1049 1056 Kyung-A Choi National Institute of Medical Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin, South Korea Mehdi Rezaei 1. National Institute of Medical Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin, South Korea 2. Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea 2022 02 25 2022 05 08 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures have limited outdoor activities for many people, including university students who live inside the campus and far from their families. We investigated if and how the fear of COVID-19 had impacted visiting green areas and consequently the quality of life. Methods: The assessments were taken through a questionnaire-based survey of the university students living inside the campus in two universities (Konkuk and Sejong universities) in Seoul, South Korea in 2021 (n=255). Measuring three variables, the participants were asked to self-estimate their fear of COVID-19 and quality of life during the pandemic, and the time and frequency of the park visit. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the potential relationship between the three main observed variables. Results: In the case of the campus students, visiting the green area cannot play a mediating impact on the effect of the COVID-19 fear and quality of life. Likewise, the data did not support the effect of COVID-19 fear on the quality of life for this group of students, however, significant correlations were found between the COVID-19fear and visiting green spaces (P<0.05) (positive effect on visiting, and negative effect on the time of visit). Conclusion: Students perceived not a considerable improvement in their quality of life after visiting green areas. It might be due to the fear of staying outdoor for a long time (frequency) during the pandemic, and students’ lifestyles. However, the quality of life for the students is likely to be influenced by other factors, rather than the fear of COVID-19.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27992 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27992/7591

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1057 1066 Hui Li Department of Medicine, Taixing People Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China Nawsherwan . Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China Abbas Kkhan Department of Nutrition and Health Promotion, University of Home Economics, Lahore, Pakistan Ijaz Haq Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Shi Yuan Mei Department of Pediatrics, Taixing People Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China 2022 02 10 2022 05 08 Background: A tertiary-hospital-based retrospective study (2011-2019) was conducted to determine the mediating role of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and abnormal placentations between advanced maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: Data from a tertiary-hospital-based retrospective study (n= 23051) was used and conducted regression-based mediation analysis to assess the mediating role of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and abnormal placentation between the advanced maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the indirect effect of advanced maternal age on preterm births, perinatal mortality, and low birth weight mediated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was [aOR 4.95 (95% CI: 4.05, 5.85)], [aOR 2.82 (95% CI: 1.78, 3.86)], and [aOR 5.90 (95% CI: 4.93, 6.87)], respectively. The indirect effect of advanced maternal age on preterm births and low birth weight mediated by abnormal placentation was [aOR 6.83 (95% CI: 5.70, 7.97)] and [aOR 4.18 (95% CI: 3.26, 5.11)].  About, 23%, 37%, and 17% of the effect of advanced maternal age on preterm births, perinatal mortality, and low birth weight was mediated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, respectively. Furthermore, abnormal placentation mediates the association between advanced maternal age and preterm births by 18% and low birth weight by 23%.   Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and abnormal placentation partially mediate the association between advanced maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes.  https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27822 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27822/7592

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1067 1075 Ningning Wang Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China Chun Feng Lvjing Community, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China Minghe Sun Department of Obstetrics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215028, China Ying Pu Functional Examination Section, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China 2021 09 16 2022 01 16 Background: We aimed to investigate the clinical effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) combined with magnesium sulfate in patients with severe pre-eclampsia (PE). Methods: A total of 70 patients with severe PE admitted in Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China from Jun 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled and randomized into observation and control groups. The control group was treated with magnesium sulfate only, and the observation group was treated with small-dose LMWH combined with magnesium sulfate. The clinical effects and artery blood flow index were analyzed. Results: The observation group had higher coagulation function than that in the control group. RI, S/D, and PI in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P <0.05). In serum and placental tissues, both kininase expression and TGF-1 levels of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with lower PAPP-A, VCAM-1 and E selectin levels than those in the control group. Conclusion: Small-dose LMWH combined with magnesium sulfate can promote the expression of endogenous kallikrein, weaken the infiltration of cytotrophoblast, and improve the maternal blood clotting state in patients with severe PE. It also improves placental microblood flow and effectively prolong pregnancy, promotes fetal growth, and improves the clinical effects. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26295 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26295/7593

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1076 1083 EN Qian Cui Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China Ying Chen Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China Xinhua Ye Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China Yamei Cai Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China Rui Qin Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China Tao Chen 4. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom Ting Yan Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China Dahai Yu School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom 2020 11 23 2021 04 14 Background: This study was determined to describe the patterns of lifestyle behaviors and their associations with metabolic profiles among Chinese urban and rural adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study set in the Nanjing (5,824) and Hefei (20,269) Community Cardiovascular Risk Surveys from 2011-2013, using random cluster sampling. Questionnaires were completed via face-to-face interview, and data on lifestyle behaviors including daily night sleep duration, nap duration (if any) and sitting time, and weekly physical activity (measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, in metabolic equivalents of task × minutes, and separated into walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MOVPA) according to intensity) was collected. The patterns of physical activity in Chinese urban and rural populations and the metabolic profile in each pattern were identified by the latent class analysis. Results: Six distinct clusters were determined, with the sizes ranging from 45% to 5% of the total population. For example, the most common cluster was associated with a sufficient night and nap sleep duration, a long sitting time, and above WHO recommended physical activities for both walking and MOVPA, and the smallest cluster was featured by its huge amount of MOVPA and limited amount of walking activity. Difference in proportion of each cluster was observed between the two survey sites. No obvious abnormal blood measures were seen in any cluster. Conclusion: Common lifestyle behavior clusters were described, leading to a better understanding of people’s routine activities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22959 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22959/7594

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1084 1096 Marjan Zarif-Yeganeh 1. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Dariush Farhud 1. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran 2. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Departments of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azam Rahimpour Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Medical Nano-Technology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Sheikholeslami 1. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Setareh Shivaei Farhud Genetics Clinic, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Hedayati Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medi-cal Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 08 Background: Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) is a very aggressive type of thyroid carcinoma. Mutation in RET proto-oncogene is demonstrated in MTC development. We aimed to knock-out of RET-oncogene using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method in MTC cell-lines. Methods: This research was conducted in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 2019-2020. Four different sgRNAs were designed to target exons one, two, and four of RET-oncogene in TT and MZ-CRC-1 cell-lines using bioinformatics tools, then the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs was made. About 72-hours after cell transfection, T7EI method and DNA sequencing were used to confirm the knock-out of RET-oncogene. Expression of RET, Calcitonin genes and RET protein were evaluated by Real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results: The results of T7E1, and DNA sequencing of transfected cells confirmed RET gene knock-out by CRISPR/Cas9. There was a significant decrease in RET gene expression and RET protein in transfected TT and MZ cells compared to controls. The rate of cell apoptosis in transfected cells was significantly increased. Calcitonin gene expression was also significantly reduced in transfected cells. p-RET, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-MEK, p-ERK protein levels were significantly reduced in TT and MZ transfected cells. Conclusion: For the first time, knock-out of RET gene was performed and confirmed using CRISPR/Cas9. Inhibition of this gene leads to inhibition of the tyrosine kinase RET signal transduction pathway. Therefore, it can be one of the most effective and specific therapeutic goals in the field of Personalized Medicine in the treatment of diseases caused by over activity of RET molecular pathway.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28675 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28675/7595

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1097 1106 Amir Mirzaie Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran Farzad Badmasti Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Hedieh Dibah Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Shadi Hajrasouliha Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Fatemeh Yousefi Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Romina Andalibi Department of Biology, Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Aliasghar Bagheri Kashtali Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Amir Hossein Rezaei Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Ronak Bakhtiatri Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 07 05 2021 10 06 Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were phyto-synthesized using Typha azerbaijanensis aerial part and root extracts, and their biological activities were investigated. Methods: This study was conducted in the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran in 2019. In this experimental study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were phyto-synthesized and the physicochemical properties of AgNPs were determined using UV-Vis (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antibacterial and anticancer activity of synthesized AgNPs was determined using microdilution assay, and MTT 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) methods, respectively. The apoptotic effects of AgNPs were investigated using Real-Time PCR and flow cytometry techniques. Results: Morphological analysis of the synthesized AgNPs confirmed the spherical shape of AgNPs with an average size of 10.67 to 16.69 nm. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of phytochemicals from T. azerbayenensis extract at the AgNP surface. Antibacterial experiments showed that phyto-fabricated AgNPs had significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The AgNPs were significantly cytotoxic against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) through induction of apoptosis.  Conclusion: The phyto-synthesized AgNPs had biological activities could be useful in pharmaceutical applications.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25469 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25469/7596

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1107 1117 EN Bahram Ebrahimi 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Amin Doosti-Irani Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2. Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2. Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Jalal Poorolajal 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2. Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2021 01 04 2021 04 14 Background: There is no official and representative information on certain health-risk behaviors in Iran. This national survey was performed to determine the prevalence of five high-risk behaviors among the adult population and underlying factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 23 provinces of Iran in 2019 involving 10,957 participants. The following five risky behaviors were evaluated: (a) using illicit drugs in the past month, (b) drinking alcohol in the past month, (c) having extramarital sex in the past year, (d) having suicidal thoughts in the past month, (e) and attempting suicide in the past year. The logistic regression model was used for analyses and associations were reported using odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The prevalence of health-risk behaviors was as follows: illicit drug use 10.4%, drinking alcohol 16.8%, extramarital sex 9.9%, suicidal thoughts 8.8%, and suicide attempt 5.4%. Almost 27.6% of the participants were involved in at least one risky behavior. There was a strong association between illicit drugs use and male gender 2.51 (2.11-2.98) and using psychiatric medications 2.96 (2.46-3.55); between drinking alcohol and male gender 2.23 (1.93-2.58); between extramarital sex and divorced/widowed status 2.43 (1.72-3.44) and having an intimate friend of the opposite sex 3.75 (3.13-4.51); between suicidal thoughts and using psychiatric medications 2.23 (1.83-2.72); between suicide attempt and a history of running away from home 2.10 (1.64-2.68). Conclusion: More than one-fourth Iranian adult population is involved in at least one risky behavior. Engaging in any risky behavior may increase the possibility of engaging in other high-risk behaviors. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23376 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23376/7597

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1118 1124 EN Fatemeh Zolfizadeh Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Maryam ghorbani Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Maryam Soltani Razi Clinical Research Development Unit (RCRDU), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Shahab Rezaeian School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Abdolhalim Rajabi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Koorosh Etemad Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Hajipour Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Ghasemi Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Birjand. Iran Halimeh Yaghoobi Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2020 12 20 2021 04 03 Background: Congenital anomalies are one of the major public health problems and one of the leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity. We aimed to investigate some factors associated with infant mortality due to congenital anomalies in several provinces of Iran. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 2199 women referring health centers of nine provinces of Iran 2015-2018. Cases were defined as mothers with infant death due to congenital anomalies, and control group comprised of mothers with live birth or infant deaths due to other causes (n=1986). The descriptive data were expressed as percentage and frequency. Factors associated with infant death due to congenital anomalies were evaluated and analyzed at 95% confidence level by logistic regression analysis. Results: The multiple logistic regression analysis reveal that history of cesarean delivery [OR:2.13 ;95%CI (1.58-2.87)], maternal age [OR:1.94 ;95%CI (1.31-2.86)])], area of living [OR: 1.69;95%CI (1.22-2.33)], maternal smoking during pregnancy [OR: 1.41; 95%CI (1.02-1.95)], consanguineous marriage [OR:1.53;95%CI (1.12-2.08)], also low birth weight [OR: 3.09; 95%CI (2.23-4.30)] were significantly associated with infant death due to congenital anomalies. Conclusion: Identification of factors associated with congenital anomalies has been shown to reduce treatment costs and medical complications of neonates. Therefore, genetic counseling and educational programs for high-risk women, and prenatal screening are essential to identify and prevent factors contributing to congenital abnormalities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23255 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23255/7598

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1125 1133 Mashallah Torabi Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Goodarzi 1. Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Technology Management Departments, Faculty of Management and Economy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Maryam Ahmadi Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamideh Hamidi Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira Elmi Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Golmah Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira Mortezaie Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa Nezari Central Intelligent Secretariats, Desk Service and Office Automation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 08 02 2020 10 14 Background: Nurses play a key role in increasing the efficiency of healthcare systems. Given the 24-hour performance of hospitals and the small number of nurses in the field of treatment, it is quintessential to re-shift them in the hospital. This study set out to achieve coherence in nursing shift planning and justice in the order of shifts in hospital. Methods: This applied and a developmental study was performed from 2019 to 2020. We used genetic algorithm to provide operational solutions and define flexible shifts and plan nurses' working hours in Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Results: Based on the selection of each nurse and determining the approved shifts of each ward, the possibility of appropriate planning was provided to determine the required shifts per month and to estimate the needs of each department. Conclusion: Using genetic algorithm and nursing shift in office automation console provides useful tools for managers at all organizational levels, according to which a good balance between the hospital's need for nurse and nurses’ demands in different time periods. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21673 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21673/7599

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1134 1142 Saeed Vahdati Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Hossein Behboudi Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Sara Tavakoli Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Aminian Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran Reza Ranjbar Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 03 07 2021 04 12 Background: We aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Persian Gulf microalgae extracts on some Gram-positive and negative bacterial species in order to find new compounds with antibacterial activity. Methods: After sampling microalgae from December 2020 to April 2021 from the northernmost part of Qeshm Island in Persian Gulf, the antibacterial activity of methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of microalgae were tested in three concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/ml on Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli by disk-diffusion assay and the results were compared with two standard antibiotics including ciprofloxacin and streptomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed spectrophotometrically using microplate and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. Results: Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts had antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Compared to ethyl acetate extract, the methanolic extract showed stronger effects on both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The most antibacterial effect was related to methanolic extract with a concentration of 500 mg/ml on S. aureus by 14.6 mm inhibition zone. Evidence from MIC also confirmed that the lowest MIC was belonged to methanolic extract by 0.75 mg/ml against S. aureus. Interestingly, both of these extracts showed more antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: The investigation proved the efficacy of microalgae extracts isolated from Persian Gulf as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of employing them in medicines as antimicrobial agents. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24122 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24122/7600

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1143 1151 EN Somayeh Marjani Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Nezhadali Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran Azadeh Hekmat Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Marjan Zarif Yeganeh Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 04 08 2021 08 16 Background: Visfatin is known as one of the adipokines associated with the development of inflammation, but its role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver is less known so far. We aimed to investigate the association between visfatin gene polymorphism rs4730153 and insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: This case-control study was performed on 80 patients with NAFLD as well as 80 healthy participants as controls referred to Amir Al-Momenin and Bouali hospitals in Tehran. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Plasma concentrations of visfatin and insulin were measured using ELISA kit. The fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, SBP, DBP, and BMI levels were measured using the standard methods. Statistical analysis was also performed using SPSS software. Results: A significant difference was found in Visfatin level in the patients with NAFLD compared to this level in healthy individuals. The levels of HDL-C and LDL-C in healthy individuals and triglyceride in patients for GG, AG, and AA genotypes carriers also were significantly different. There was a significant relationship between rs4730153 polymorphism and insulin resistance; however, no association was found between this polymorphism and NAFLD. Notably, Visfatin showed a significant association with age (all individuals), body mass index (healthy individuals), insulin, and HOMA (in patients). Conclusion: Visfatin levels reduced in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, rs4730153 polymorphism was indicated to be associated with both lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, but no association was found between this polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24480 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24480/7601

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1152 1160 Akram Gholipour Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Farshad Shakerian Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Zahedmehr Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shiva Irani Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mahshid Malakootian Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Javad Mowla Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2020 10 02 2021 02 06 Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD), a major cause of death worldwide, is defined as a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries that supply oxygen and blood to the heart. We aimed to find potential biomarkers for coronary artery disease, by comparing the expression profile of blood exosomes of both normal and CHD samples. Methods: Datasets of 6 CHD and 6 normal samples of blood exosomes were downloaded, and differentially expressed RNAs, with adjusted P<0.01 and log2FoldChange≥1 were achieved. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were accomplished by PANTHER database for datasets. Results: Our data analysis found 119 differentially expressed genes between two datasets. By comparing transcriptome profiles, we candidate the highest downregulated gene, ACSBG1, and the highest upregulated one, DEFA4, as specific biomarkers for CHD. Furthermore, GO and pathway analysis depicted that aforementioned differentially expressed genes are mostly involved in different molecular metabolic process, inflammation, immune system process and response to stimulus pathways which all cause cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: We have provided new potential biomarkers for CHD, though experimental validation is still needed to confirm the suitability of the candidate genes for early detection of CHD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22388 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22388/7602

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1161 1171 Azam Rohani Department of Knowledge and Information Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Fatemeh Makkizadeh Department of Knowledge and Information Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 2020 11 13 2021 04 03 Background: Medical sociology is concerned with the relationship between social factors and health, and with the application of sociological theory and research techniques to questions related to health and the health care system. Considering the wide range of studies in the field that each examined different aspects, to promote health in community, bibliometrics analysis in this area is felt. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach, the data about “medical sociology” were retrieved from PubMed in MEDINE format, including 1226 records over the period 1945-2018. By using Co-word analysis, clustering methods, and strategic diagram with the help of SPSS, UcInet 6 software the data were analyzed. Results: The keyword “Attitude to Health” and two pairs of frequently used keywords, namely “Power (Psychology)*Professional Autonomy” were the most frequent in medical sociology. The results shaped the concepts of medical sociology in 7 clusters. The clusters “Attitude of health personnel”, “Health Policy” and “Sociology of Medical Education” are topics that may be emerging or disappearing. The “Physicians", "Models of Social Determinants of Health" and "medical philosophy" are immature clusters. Conclusion: This research used co-word networks that indicate the important links between keywords of research areas. Considering the frequency of keywords along with the clusters obtained, it seems that the most research approach was seen on the medical aspect rather than the sociological aspect. Despite the importance of sociological aspects such as social rooting of disease, sociability, medicine as a social institution and etiological studies, these subjects have not been sufficiently considered. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22863 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22863/7603

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1172 1179 Jalil Hasani Kashmar School of Nursing, Department of Laboratory Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Saeed Erfanpoor School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 10 19 2021 01 25 Background: In the classification of road accidents, type 2 traffic accidents and non-traffic accidents are not considered and in Iran so far no special study has been done in the field of type 2 traffic accidents and non-traffic accidents, so we aimed to investigate the incidence of type 2 traffic accidents and non-traffic accidents in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional was conducted on all individuals referred to Forensic Medicine Organization (FMO) from all over Iran who suffered from non-traffic accidents and type 2 traffic accidents during 2013-2018. Demographic information, accident information and other information including the location of the impact, the final cause of death and the date of the accident were examined. The information received from the FMO was first checked and then analyzed using Stata 11 statistical software. Results: During the 6-year study period, 10882 people lost their lives in type 2 traffic accidents (4779 people) and non-traffic accidents (5287 people). In terms of age, the highest incidence of type 2 traffic accidents and non-traffic accidents was observed in the age group over 65 years. The incidence of type 2 traffic accidents has not been increasing, while the trend of non-traffic accidents has been increasing. Conclusion: With respect to the high rate of deaths due to traffic accidents, including type 2 traffic accidents and non-traffic accidents, it is necessary for the national media and relevant agencies to educate the people about first aid and also inform about free relief services, timely presence is important. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22558 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22558/7604

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1180 1182 Su-Youn Cho Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Wi-Young So Sports Medicine Major, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Korea Hee-Tae Roh Department of Sports Science, College of Health Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Korea 2021 12 26 2022 01 16 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27298 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27298/7605

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1183 1184 Qiujuan Mao Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215600, China Hui Zhang Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215600, China Jing Huang Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215600, China Juan Liu Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215600, China Liping Yang Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215600, China 2021 09 03 2021 11 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26162 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26162/7606

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1185 1187 Yongbum Kwon Korea-Russia Innovation Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 22004, Republic of Korea 2021 02 23 2021 03 06 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23964 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23964/7607

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1188 1190 Anna Ghubatyan “Histogen” Medical Center, Endocrinology service, Yerevan, Armenia Lusine Navasardyan Endocrinology Department, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia Artashes Tadevosyan Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia 2019 09 28 2019 11 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18481 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18481/7608

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1191 1192 Martina Nevrlá Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Halina Matějová Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Zuzana Strnadelová Department of Medical Nutrition, Faculty Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2018 10 06 2018 10 23 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14900 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14900/7609

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1193 1194 Hoda Kamali Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran Samaneh Hosseini Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hossein Rezaei Aliabadi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Poursadeghfard Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Ali Sahraian Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sharareh Eskandarieh Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 08 28 2019 12 24 No Abstract   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18183 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18183/7610

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1195 1197 Gulshara Aimbetova Department of Public Health, Kazakh National Medical University named after S. D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan Gulzhan Dossybayeva Department of General Practitioner N2, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan Roza Suleimenova Department of Public Health and Hygiene, NJSC "Astana Medical University», Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Aliya Turgambayeva Department Accounting, RSU "National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan", Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Assiya Turgambayeva Department of Public Health and Management, NJSC "Astana Medical University», Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2019 10 16 2019 11 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18632 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18632/7611

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 1198 1199 Reza Gharebaghi International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center, Austin, TX, USA Fatemeh Heidary International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center, Austin, TX, USA 2022 03 12 2022 04 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28125 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28125/7612

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 5 2022 05 08 </