Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 1944 1952 Zhipeng Tang Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Prov-ince, China Dongxue Mi Department of Gastroenterology, Qiqihar Jianhua Hospital, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Hao Wu Department of Stomatology, Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Yanan Fu Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Li Liu Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Xuelin Chen Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Yujia Dong Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China Weikun Zhang Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China 2021 02 23 2021 06 21 Background: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is the standard treatment for correcting lateral maxillary defects commonly used in orthodontics. It is the most effective approach to increase maxillary width in clinical practice. At present, there are few studies on the level of molecular biology of periodontal tissue remodeling during RME. We aimed to investigate changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αin gingival crevicular fluid during RME. Methods: Patients admitted to Department of Stomatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China between Dec 2016 and Dec 2018 were enrolled, and randomly divided into the observation group (76 cases) and control group (62 cases). Periodontal clinical indicators were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected and the periodontal clinical indicators were recorded. The levels of MMP-8, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA, and the contents of the two groups were compared. Results: The plaque index of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the baseline T0 (P< 0.05) from T4, and the increase in the control group started from T5. The general clinical data of the two groups showed that the white blood cell count of the observation group was higher than that of the control group. The levels of MMP-8, IL-6 and TNF-α were the highest at T2, followed by T3, and gradually decreased at T4, and T5, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The changes in levels of MMP-8, IL-6 and TNF-α in adolescent patients during RME were related to the remodeling of periodontal tissue after RME. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23972 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23972/7371

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 1935 1943 EN Haemi Jee Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea 2021 08 06 2021 09 15 Background: Regularly performed physical activity promote proper development and prevent health risk factors in children and adolescents. Pandemic crisis has been limiting the scope of movement with social distancing for participation of physical activity for health promotion. This study aimed to review studies on promoting physical activity to prevent health risks for children and adolescents since the onset of COVID-19.   Methods: Three major online databases (PubMed, Medline, and Scopus) were searched for ‘physical activity,’ ‘intervention’ for children and adolescents. Seven articles were selected from 1,761 articles through the inclusion and exclusion processes. Results: All studies were conducted through online. One study showed that streaming services and online apps majorly promoted MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), MSE (muscle-strengthening exercise), or combined (MVPA, MSE) by 2.4, 3.1, and 4.3 folds, respectively. Another study showed that greater duration of physical activity (PA) prevented depressive symptoms during exposure to outbreak. Five intervention studies which used digital platforms to promote PA significantly encouraged PA along with the physiological, psychosocial, and academic achievement outcomes. Conclusion: Internet-based digital platforms may assist to promote physical activity for improved psychosocial and academic achievement in children and adolescents during the untack period. Structured PA promotion platforms with various health outcomes for children and adolescents should be developed and scientifically evaluated. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25821 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25821/7370

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2139 2140 Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea 2019 04 10 2019 04 27 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16788 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16788/7392

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 1953 1962 Young-Su Jung College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Hyunwoo Kang College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Seyong Jang Department of Taekwondo, College of Arts and Physical Education, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea 2021 07 13 2021 10 03 Background: Although the motivation to set goals and taking steps to achieve them is essential for athletes wishing to progress to a professional level, motives for participating in sports vary depending on personal and physical characteristics. We aimed to investigate the effect of motivation to participate in sports on achievement goal orientation and achievement behavior in high-school basketball players. Methods: The study included 256 female high-school basketball players from Busan, Korea, and was conducted between September and October 2020. The questionnaires obtained data regarding motivation to participate in sports, achievement goal orientation, and achievement behavior. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Results: Motivation to participate in sports exhibited a significant positive correlation with achievement goal orientation (P<0.05). Specifically, motivation related to the development of technical skills and achieving a sense of fulfillment, amusement, and health exerted a positive effect on task-goal orientation. Greater motivation related to technical skill development, attaining a sense of accomplishment, and improving health was associated with greater self-goal orientation. Additionally, achievement goal orientation exerted a significant positive effect on achievement behavior (P<0.05). Conclusion: Given the relative unpopularity of basketball in Korea, it is crucial for players to develop high achievement goal orientation and engage in real efforts to translate such motivation into action. This goal- and achievement-oriented attitude should precede motivation for participating in basketball. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25562 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25562/7372

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2141 2143 EN Dong-il Kim 1. Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2. Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3. Sports Functional Disability Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2021 07 21 2021 08 16 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25638 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25638/7393

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 1963 1972 Ertan Kara Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey Hasan Göksel Özdilek Department of Environmental Engineering, Terzioglu Campus, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey Emine Kara Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey Fatih Balcı Department of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey Burcu Mestav Department of Statistics, Terzioglu Campus, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey 2020 03 16 2021 10 03 Background: We aimed to provide information for health practitioners and other related people about the association between ambient air quality and adverse health outcomes in the general population of Nigde, a central Turkish city, within the context of current health data epidemiological evidence. Methods: The present study highlights the connection between health problems and time series of particulate matter (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in Nigde, Turkey between 2011 and 2017. Significant morbidity is linked to ambient air pollution, resulting in a significant economic cost to society. Results: We found that the required funds to treat cancers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease triggered by ambient air pollution in Nigde, exceed 9 million US dollars per year, even when only the city center is taken into account. Conclusion: As Turkish cities grow and urban population density increases, air pollution issues need to be given priority in order to protect the health of the public and support sustainable development for future generations. It is recommended that particulate matter concentration in this urban center should be significantly reduced to minimize health problems. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20023 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20023/7373

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 04 2144 2145 Gulden Aldabergenova Department Public of Health and Management, NJSC «Astana Medical University», Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan Assiya Turgambayeva Department Public of Health and Management, NJSC «Astana Medical University», Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan Luca G. Brusati Department of Economics and Statistics, Udine University, Gorizia, Italy 2019 12 05 2021 10 04 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19115 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19115/7394

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 10 2021 10 03 1973 1982 Yang Kang Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China Minghui Bai Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China Liling Deng Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China Linbo Fan Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China Xing Wang Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China 2021 02 25 2021 06 21 Background: This research was designed to probe into the role of miRNA-21 in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and its correlation with the severity. Methods: Fifty-four children with bronchial asthma admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University from Jun 2018 to Dec 2019 were included. Forty nine healthy children underwent physical examination at this time period were also enrolled. The miR-21 expression in peripheral blood serum was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The relationship between the expression and severity of asthma in children was explored by Spearman correlation analysis and ROC curve. Bronchial epithelial cell lines were cultured in vitro and divided into blank control group, negative control group and miR-21 inhibition and activation group. The changes of cell proliferation after treatment were detected by CCK-8 test in different groups. The expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway protein in cells was assessed by Western blot (WB). Results: Compared with that of healthy children, the miR-21 expression in peripheral blood serum of asthmatic children was higher (P<0.001). MiR-21 expression was positively correlated with the severity of illness (r=0.853, P<0.001). The results of cell experiments in vitro signified that miR-21 can promote the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells, and may be involved in regulating the expression of TGF-β1/ Smad3 signaling pathway, thus affecting cell proliferation. Conclusion: miRNA-21 regulates the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells by activating TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway. And it is positively correlated with the severity of asthma in children. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23996 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16049/7219

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 879 887 Mohammadreza Firouzkouhi Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mayumi Kako School of Medicine Graduate, School of Medical, Hiroshima, Japan Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Abbas Balouchi Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jebraeil Farzi Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran 2020 10 28 2021 01 13 Background: Nurses have a continuous presence and crucial role in response to disasters. During disasters, nurses apply specific knowledge and skills to minimize victims’ health and life-threatening risks. Nurses’ roles in crisis are not clearly stated in resources. Thus, this study aimed to explore nurses’ role in the nursing disaster model. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute framework. The review considered primary research and reviewed literature from following databases, including Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of articles identified for full-text review. Eligibility criteria were outlined as a priori to guide the literature selection. Results: Eight of 60 eligible articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in different countries with no limit of time of published articles. The publications’ design were three systematic reviews, one meta-synthesis, two qualitative types of research, one quasi-experimental, and one case study. The results showed nurses’ roles in the three stages before, during, and after the crisis. Conclusion: This review provided a comprehensive understanding of the concept of the nursing role in the crisis, and nurses could be useful to save victims through preparing and implementing effective care at different stages of a crisis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22674 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22674/7215

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1070 1071 Aamir Hussain Department of Health, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan 2019 01 22 2019 02 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16006 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16006/7237

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 927 937 Zhiyong Cao Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Han Wang Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Xiangyang Zhu Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China 2020 10 27 2020 11 26 Background: Serum miR-497 can be used as a predictive index of the early diagnosis and poor prognosis of atherosclerosis cerebral infarction (ATCI). Methods: Overall, 135 ATCI patients, treated in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China from Apr 2012 to Jan 2015, were included in ATCI group. Whereas, 77 patients with non-atherosclerosis cerebral infarction were put in the control group. RT-qPCR was performed for detecting serum miR-497 expression, whose relationship with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate values of serum miR-497 for diagnosing ATCI patients and their 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates (OSRs). Cox regression analysis was conducted on prognostic factors of ATCI patients. Results: miR-497 remarkably rose in the serum of ATCI patients, and was correlated with histories of hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM). Its areas under curves (AUCs) for diagnosing these pathological parameters were 0.803, 0.817 and 0.819, respectively. Its expression was higher in the serum of the patients with recurrence and poor prognoses. Its AUCs for predicting the two conditions were 0.924 and 0.937, respectively. The 3- and 5-year OSRs of patients with low expression were remarkably higher than those of patients with high expression. Conclusion: miR-497 and histories of hypertension, smoking and DM were independent prognostic factors affecting the 3-year OSR of ATCI patients. miR-497 expression rises in ATCI patients, so this miR is expected to become a serum diagnostic marker for ATCI. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22661 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22661/7220

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 888 899 Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sajjad Pourasghary Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Maryam Shirizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sanaz Mousavi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Morteza Ghojazadeh Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Hossein Hoseinifard Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Fatemeh Salehnia Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Leila Nikniaz Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran 2020 08 04 2021 01 11 Background: Group B streptococcus or streptococcus Agalactia is a gram positive beta hemolytic bacteria which is the main factor in neonatal infections. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of GBS in world and clarifying the rate of this infection in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Methods: We performed a systematic search by using different databases including Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Psycho-Info ProQuest and Web of Science published up to Feb 2019. We undertook meta-analysis to obtain the pooled estimate of prevalence of GBS colonization in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Results: Among 3324 papers searched, we identified 245 full texts of prevalence of GBS in pregnancy; 131 were included in final analysis. The estimated mean prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 15.5% (CI:95% (14.2-17)) worldwide; which was 14% (CI:95% (11-16.8)) in Islamic and 16.3% (CI:95% (14.6-18.1)) in non-Islamic countries and was statistically significant. Moreover, with regards to sampling area, prevalence of GBS colonization was 11.1 in vagina and 18.1 in vagina-rectum. Conclusion: Frequent washing of perineum based on religious instructions in Islamic countries can diminish the rate of GBS colonization in pregnant women. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21698 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21698/7216

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1072 1073 EN Zoleykha Asgarlou Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Mohammad Arzanlou Department of Psychiatry, Deputy of Medicine, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Mohammad Mohseni Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 09 2019 03 17 - https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16198 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16198/7238

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 938 948 Dae-Jung Lee Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Korea 2021 02 13 2021 04 30 Background: Efforts have often been made to improve physical education (PE) classes in response to rapidly changing societies. We applied science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education to PE classes. The purpose was to examine the effect of STEAM-based PE lessons on self-directed learning abilities, a core competency of the 21st century, and on attitudes toward PE classes related to PE alienation and avoidance. Methods: To achieve this purpose, six out of eight classes at a middle school in Jeollabuk-do province, Republic of Korea were selected in 2019. The experimental and control groups, consisting of 87 and 88 students, respectively, were chosen from among 238 first-grade students by utilizing convenience sampling. The experimental group attended PE classes based on STEAM for 14 weeks, whereas the control group attended traditionally teacher-centered PE classes. We used a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The experimental group displayed significant differences in all the sub-factors of attitudes toward PE classes and all the sub-factors of self-directed learning abilities, compared to the control group (P<0.05). PE classes based on STEAM appear to have a positive effect on students' attitudes toward PE classes and their self-directed learning abilities. Conclusion: PE is struggling to solve students' alienation and avoidance problems, despite numerous efforts. Thus, discussions have been conducted on how the STEAM philosophy can be implemented in the field of PE. Results suggest that efforts to combine STEAM education and PE are needed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23865/7221

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1074 1076 Hossein Mahmoudvand Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Maryam Sepahvand Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Bahram Nasiri Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Mehrdad Khatami Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran Ebrahim Badparva Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2019 02 15 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16249 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16249/7239

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 949 958 EN Lifang Tang School of Media and Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China Jie Wang School of Media and Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China 2021 03 31 2021 04 30 Background: Mass communication is one of the most important ways in health communication. The emergence of new media has changed the way people acquire health information and then their health behaviors. However, few studies have been conducted about complicated relations between media use and health behaviors under new media conditions and further systematic explanation is needed. Methods: A hypothesis model for the influence of WeChat use on health behaviors was constructed to explore the internal influencing mechanism of new media use on health behaviors. An empirical analysis on the internal influencing mechanism of WeChat use on health behaviors was carried out with a survey data consist of 463 young active users on famous online social network sites in China from March to June 2019. Results: New media use represented by WeChat has significant positive influence on health behaviors. Individuals who frequently use new media related to health have better health conditions than those who rarely use them. The improvement of health behaviors is mainly attributed to acquisition of health knowledge. Such effect is also mediated by the degree of individuals’ trust in health knowledge. Conclusion: This study not only discloses the influencing mechanism of new media use and health knowledge on health behaviors, but also confirms the value of new media in promoting public health communication and public health behaviors. Conclusions provide significant references in decision-making to develop effective guidance of public health. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24367 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24367/7222

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1077 1078 EN Mahdi Shahriari Hematology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Saeid Dehghankhalili Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Alireza Heiran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Babak Daneshfard Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 21 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16318 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16318/7240

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 959 969 Guangxin Zong Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China Xinrong Feng Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Jinan 250200, China Xiuhua Sun Property Management Section, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Jiexin Du Department of Neurology, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Guangsheng Wang Department of Neurology, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Tingting Song No 2 Department of Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, Qingdao 266042, China 2020 10 26 2020 11 26 Background: Laryngocarcinoma is the most frequent head and neck malignant tumor. MALAT1 have a role in promoting cell proliferation and metastasis in several tumors. This research aimed to investigate the great roles of MALAT1in laryngocarcinoma. Methods: Overall, 54 cases of laryngocarcinoma tissues pathological specimens and paracancerous tissues were collected by surgical resection from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, China from Jan 2012 to Oct 2015. The microRNA and protein levels of genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferative and invasive ability were calculated usingCCK8 and transwell assays. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the survival of laryngocarcinoma patients. Results: In laryngocarcinoma tissues and cells, lncRNA MALAT1 expression was significantly increased compared to normal tissues and cells. LncRNA MALAT1 promotes proliferation and migration of laryngocarcinoma cells. LncRNA MALAT1 upregulates HMGA1 expression by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-125b. Rescue experiments showed that microRNA-125b inhibitor reversed the change in cell viability and invasion induced by sh-MALAT1. Down regulation of lncRNA MALAT1 inhibits laryngocarcinoma proliferation and invasion by modulating miR-125b /HMGA1. Conclusion: LncRNA MALAT1 promotes the development of laryngocarcinoma by regulating the expression level of HMGA1 by acting as a miR-125b ceRNA and may be considered as a new strategy for the development of laryngocarcinoma. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22646 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22646/7223

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1079 1081 Hamid Bagheri Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azad Khaledi Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Med-ical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Ghader Ghanizadeh Health School, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davoud Esmaeili Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 21 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16308 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16308/7241

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 970 977 Biljana Bajic Health Promotion Center, Institute of Public Health Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Igor Galic Center for Control and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Institute for Public Health Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Natasa Mihailovic Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Svetlana Ristic Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Svetlana Radevic Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Violeta Iric Cupic Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sanja Kocic 1. Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandra Arnaut Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2021 03 29 2021 04 30 Background: Comorbidities are major predictors of in-hospital mortality in stroke patients. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the Elikhauser comorbidity index (ECI) are scoring systems for classifying comorbidities. We aimed to compare the performance of the CCI and ECI to predict in-hospital mortality in stroke patients. Methods: We included patients hospitalized for stroke in the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia for the last 7 years. Hospitalizations caused by stroke, were identified by the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes I60.0 - I69.9. All patients were divided into two cohorts: Alive cohort (n=3297) and Mortality cohort (n=978). Results: There were significant associations between higher CCIS and increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12) and between higher ECIS and increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.99–1.09). Almost 2/3 patients (66.9%) had comorbidities included in the CCI score and 1/3 patients (30.2%) had comorbidities included in the ECI score. The statistically significant higher CCI score (t = -3.88, df = 1017.96, P <0.01) and ECI score (t = -6.7, df = 1447.32, P <0.01) was in the mortality cohort. Area Under the Curve for ECI score was 0.606 and for CCI score was 0.549. Conclusion: Both, the CCI and the ECI can be used as scoring systems for classifying comorbidities in the administrative databases, but the model’s ECI Score had a better discriminative performance of in-hospital mortality in the stroke patients than the CCI Score model. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24348 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24348/7224

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1082 1084 Lida Hosseini School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 26 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16372 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16372/7242

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 978 989 Milad Heidari Nia Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mahdieh Jafari Shahroudi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Ramin Saravani Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Saman Sargazi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mahdiyeh Moudi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Azizollah Mojahed Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2019 07 12 2019 11 03 Background: Schizophrenia (SZN) is a heterogeneous disorder. Recently, the role of purinergic receptor’s signaling in mental disorders has implicated. There is no evidence regarding the association of P2XR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of behavioral disorders. Therefore, this preliminary study, we determined the association of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G variants located in P2XR4 gene with the risk of SZN. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 150 SZN patient referring to Baharan Hospital, Zahedan (Eastern of Iran) in 2018. Genotyping was done by tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). Different databases were used to determine the effects of the SNPs on the secondary structure of P2XR4 pre-mRNA and protein as well as binding of transcriptional regulators. Results: The G allele of rs1169727 significantly increased the risk of SZN (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.02-1.93, P=0.039), but there was no significant association was found between the other SNP and SZN. Moreover, GG model of rs1169727 (OR=2.46, 95%CI= 1.32-4.62, P=0.004) and rs25644 (OR=3.45, 95%CI= 1.12-5.10, P=0.013) increased the risk of SZN. The substitution of A and G alleles of rs1169727 significantly altered the secondary structure of pre-mRNA (P=0.1). In silico analysis revealed that rs25644A/G could act as an intronic cryptic donor site. Screening for flanking sequence of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G predicted a novel enhancer and silencer for both SNPs. Conclusion: rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G are linked to SZN susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population. In-silico analysis indicated that rs25644 have substantial roles in determining the pre-mRNA and protein structure of P2XR4 gene. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17735 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17735/7225

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1085 1087 Saman Maroufizadeh Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Reza Omani-Samani Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproduc-tive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Hosseini Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 09 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16477 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16477/7243

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 990 998 EN Sevil Güner Department of Midwifery, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey Birsen Karaca Saydam Department of Midwifery, Ege University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 35100, İzmir, Turkey 2020 10 02 2021 03 06 Background: Anemia during infancy causes irreversible physical, cognitive, motor, and behavioral development disorders. This study aimed to determine the effect of delaying umbilical cord clamping time on certain parameters regarding anemia during the infancy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a university hospital in west of Turkey (Dec 2017-Dec 2018). Overall, 110 participants were evaluated for the research, 65 participants were randomized after excluding those who did not meet the inclusion criteria (intervention=32, control=33). Randomly assigned to delayed clamping (1 min after delivery) or early clamping (in 15 sec after delivery), and followed up until 4 months postpartum. 48th-hour hematocrit, bilirubin values, need for phototherapy and hematocrit, hemoglobin values, diagnosis of anemia at the postnatal fourth month were compared between two groups. The data showing normal distribution were assessed using the parametric tests. The level of statistical significance was determined as P<0.05. Results: The 48th-hour hematocrit and bilirubin levels of the intervention group were significantly higher than the control (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). No significant difference regarding the need for phototherapy due to postnatal hyperbilirubinemia was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Means of the intervention group hematocrit and hemoglobin levels measured during anemia screening performed at the fourth month were found to be higher than those of the infants in the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Delaying umbilical cord clamping had a positive impact on the haematological parameters of infants. Clamping the cord at least one minute in birth can be performed to prevent the iron deficit anemia that could be seen during the first years of infants’ lives. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22385 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22385/7226

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 999 1008 Jing Jia Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medi-cine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Fei Kong Sinopec Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong, China Xueling Xin Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Jiwei Liang Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Hualei Xin Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Liyan Dong Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China Fachun Jiang Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Qingdao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China 2019 07 15 2019 10 05 Background: In China, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks have become an important issue recent years. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD outbreaks in Qingdao during 2009-2018, and provided evidences for prevention and control of the disease. Methods: Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, and throat swabs were detected for enterovirus RNA using RT-PCR. Results: Overall, 116 HFMD outbreaks were reported in Qingdao during 2009-2018, with the epidemic of the outbreaks exhibiting a decreasing tendency. The characteristics of outbreaks presented two patterns, including two-peak pattern and rural area to urban-rural fringe area to urban areas pattern. Male patients were predominant in these outbreaks. The location of the outbreaks changed from nursery to community. Non-EV71/CA16 enteroviruses were gradually becoming predominant enteroviruses serotypes. The durations of outbreaks were positively correlated with response times and the number of cases. Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics analysis of HFMD outbreaks could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control the disease. Reporting and handling promptly are the keys to control epidemic outbreaks of HFMD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17768 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17768/7227

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1009 1016 Ronak Bakhtiari Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Javadi Department of Medical Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran Malihe Aminzadeh Department of Education Office, Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Shaffaghat Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 01 13 2020 10 14 Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infection in human. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of genes involved in biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolated from patients and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Methods: Biochemical tests were used for the identification of K. pneumonia isolated from urine samples referred to hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from Sep 2018 to Jan 2020. The antibiotic resistance pattern was performed and biofilm formation was assessed phenotypically. Finally, β-lactamase genes and adhesion genes were detected by the PCR method. Results: We collected 457 K. pneumoniae isolates from hospitals in Tehran, Iran. 110 isolates were resistant to ‎imipenem. Fifty isolates were positive for metallo-β-lactamases that thirty-nine isolates (35.45%) has blaKPC gene, 18 isolates (16.36%) had blaVIM-‎‎1 gene and 9 isolates (8.18%) had blaIMP-1 gene‎ detected by PCR. Sixty isolates (54.54%) had strong biofilm, 35 isolates (31.81%) had moderate ‎biofilm and 15 isolates (13.63%) had weak biofilm. ‎ The presence of adhesion genes in K. pneumoniae isolates significantly ‎correlated with resistance genes (P<0.001). Conclusion: It is clear antibacterial resistance has been significant association with biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, understanding resistance pattern and mechanisms leading to biofilm formation can facilitate efficient treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19438 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19438/7228

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1017 1027 Majid Safaei Lari Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Emamgholipour Sefiddashti Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 15 2019 10 13 Background: Mental disorders and problems put a heavy burden on communities. Since resources allocated to the mental health systems are finite, it seems necessary to assess the efficiency of mental health systems. In this study, we assess the efficiency of mental health care systems across 12 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in 2014. Methods: We used data envelopment analysis (DEA). The number of psychiatrists and nurses working in the mental health sector, the number of beds in mental hospitals, and the healthcare expenditures were included as inputs. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of mental and substance use disorders was considered as the output. This approach is an input-oriented and a variable returns to scale. Results: Countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, and Qatar with the efficiency scores of 1.00 are entirely efficient. However, Bahrain and Iran with the efficiency scores of 0.50 and 0.58 are the most inefficient countries, respectively. After measuring the efficiency model, the radial super-efficiency showed that Egypt and Lebanon with the efficiency scores of 4.73 and 4.09 were ranked as the first and second by far. Qatar and Iraq compared with the previous analysis, and with the efficiency scores of 1.72 and 1.58, were ranked as the third and fourth. Bahrain and Iran were as inefficient as the previous model. Conclusion: This study depicted a general portrait of the performance of mental health systems across MENA countries. Countries performed efficiently, have taken advantage of comprehensive programs in mental health sector. Countries are strongly recommended to complement their datasets of mental health to make future studies able to evaluate mental health systems more accurately and perfectly. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17460 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17460/7229

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1028 1036 EN Mostafa Shakhsi-Niaei 1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 3. COVID-19 Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Ehsan Heidari Soureshjani 1. COVID-19 Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Teh-ran, Iran 3. Shahrekord Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Shahrekord, Iran Ali Babaheydari Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2021 01 06 2021 01 25 Background: The COVID-19 is a pandemic viral infection with a high morbidity rate, leading to many worldwide deaths since the end of 2019. The RBD (Receptor Binding Domain) of SARS-CoV-2 through its spike utilizes several host molecules to enter host cells. One of the most important ones is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme normally engaged in renin angiotensin pathway and is responsible for hypertension regulation. As different articles have analyzed separate compounds which can bind ACE2 as the potential virus entry blockers, and each one with a different molecular docking algorithm, in this study we compared all candidate compounds individually as well as their combinations using a unique validated software to introduce most promising ones. Methods: We collected and prepared a list of all available compounds which potentially can inhibit RBD binding site of the ACE2 from different studies and then reanalyzed and compared them using the Patchdock (ver. 1.3) as a suitable molecular docking algorithm for analysis of separate compounds or their combinations. Results: Saikosaponin A (e.g. in Bupleurum chinense), Baicalin (e.g. in several species in the genus Scutellaria), Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhiza glabra), MLN-4760 and Umifenovir better occupied ACE2 to inhibit viral RBD binding and are suggested as the top five inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 binding site of ACE2. Their combinatory effects were also inspiring concurrent ACE2 blockade. Conclusion: The results propose greatest compounds and their combinatory anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects in order to decrease the time and expenses required for further experimental designs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23398 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23398/7230

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1037 1047 Abolfazl Fattah Research Center for Health Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Ali Morovati Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Niknam Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapor University of Medical Sci-ences, Ahvaz, Iran Ladan Mashouri Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Amirhooman Asadi Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Shirin Tvangar Rizi Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Mojtaba Abbasi 1. Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Shakeri Nursing and Midwifery Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran Omid Abazari Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran 2019 07 07 2019 11 03 Background: Piperine is a natural compound obtained from the Piper nigrum that exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines. We analyzed the cytotoxic effect of piperine combined with cisplatin compound in the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the underlying mechanism. Methods: The present in vitro study was performed on MCF-7 cell line in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences between, Jahrom, Iran from 2016 to 2017. Cultured MCF-7 cells were seeded into four groups: a control group (untreated group), a group treated with cisplatin, a group treated with piperine and a group treated with cisplatin and piperine. Cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay method. Flow c-ytometric analysis was investigated for apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression of the apoptotic regulators p53, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis. Results: Piperine (20 and 30 µM) in combination with cisplatin (5, 10 and 15 µM) for 24 h synergistically inhibited cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells more than piperine and cisplatin used alone. Synergistic anti-breast cancer activities cisplatin (5 µM) and piperine (20 µM) were via inducing apoptosis. Piperine (20 µM) and cisplatin (5 µM) for 24 h induce apoptosis strongly through reduction of Bcl-2 and increase of caspase 3, p53, caspase 9, and Bax. Conclusion: Piperine in combination with cisplatin could trigger p53-mediated apoptosis more effective than cisplatin alone in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, reducing the toxic dose of cisplatin used in cancer chemotherapy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17693 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17693/7232

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1048 1055 Maryam Nasirian Department of Biostatistic and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Marzieh Mahboobi 1. Department of Biostatistic and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2. Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Educationa, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Maracy Department of Biostatistic and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2019 02 21 2019 08 03 Background: According to the importance of infectious diseases, especially HIV, the purpose of this study was to estimate lifetime and age-conditional risks of HIV diagnosis in Iran. Methods: We used vital statistics, HIV surveillance and census data for 2011-2015 to calculate Age-specific HIV diagnosis and non-HIV death rates. These rates then converted to the probability of an HIV diagnosis considering the competing risk. Finally, the probabilities were applied to a hypothetical cohort of 10 million live births. The lifetime and age-conditional risk of HIV diagnosis in the total and general population of Iran were calculated by Dev Can software (version 6.7.4). Results: Lifetime risk was 0.084% (95% CI: 0.081-0.088) or one in 1183 for females and 0.21% (95% CI: 0.201- 0.211) or one in 483 for males in the total population. In the general population lifetime risk for men was 0.069% (95% CI: 0.066-0.072) or 1 in 1454 men and 0.066% (95%CI: 0.063-0.069) or one in 1523 for women. In the total and general population, the 10-yr age-conditional risk of HIV diagnosis showed that the highest risk of an HIV diagnosis is related to 30-yr -olds. Conclusion: The estimated risks differed based on gender, age, and type of population. Paying close attention to these differences is critical for infection control planning and policies. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16319 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16319/7233

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1056 1064 Li Qiu Department of Neurology (II), Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, P.R.China Dongli Zhang Department of Neurology (II), Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, P.R.China Yan Sang Department of Neurology (II), Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, P.R.China Nuo Zheng Department of Neurology (II), Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, P.R.China Jiao Chen Department of Neurology (II), Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, P.R.China Xuan Qiu Department of Neurology (II), Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, P.R.China Xiaoming Liu Department of Neurology (II), Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, P.R.China 2020 10 22 2020 11 26 Background: To observe the relationship between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression and neurological function score in epileptic children. Methods: Fifty-four e