Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 900 907 Mehdi Rezaei Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Nyirumuringa Emmanuel Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Juyeon Kim Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Doo Hwan Kim Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2021 04 30 Background: The fast-growing trend of urbanizations and the dwellers' stressful lifestyle in megacities has led to several drawbacks from the mental health perspective. Provided that there is a significant association between the green environment and mental health, we investigated different functions of a green roof from two perspectives of well-being and environment. Methods: After investigating on different functions of the green roof and classifying them into two sections, a self questionnaire survey was conducted in May 2020 on 100 citizens of the Seoul metropolitan area after, South Korea visiting the green roof. They were asked to clarify their perception of the different functions of green roof gardens. The statistical analysis was performed to show the differences in perception and how each variable can contribute to such differences.  Results: The results illustrated a high satisfaction rate among the visitors of green roofs. The perception of the well-being functions was higher than those of environmental functions. However, age group can alter the perception significantly, as the senior citizens significantly perceived the well-being functions. In contrast, the awareness of the environmental functions was higher among the younger participants.  Conclusion: Providing practical information about the ideal functions of green roofs, this study offered helpful insight for the planners who focus on society’s general health and work in two different sections: developing the city landscape and mental health improvement. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24772 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24772/7217

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 852 865 Mohammad Reza Amir Esmaili Department of Health Management, Economics and Policy Making, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Behzad Damari Department of Social Determinants of Heath, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Teh-ran, Iran Ahmad Hajebi Department of Psychiatric, Addiction Research Center, Medical School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Noora Rafiee Department of Health Management, Economics and Policy Making, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Reza Goudarzi Department of Health Management, Economics and Policy Making, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Abbas Haghshenas Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2020 10 02 2021 01 13 Background: In this study, the basic criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion were investigated to facilitate the implementation of collaboration. Methods: This scoping review was conducted using datasets of Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, and search engines of Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Results: 52 studies were included, and 32 codes in Micro, Meso, and Macro level, were obtained. Micro-level criteria had the highest frequency. Among the models used in the reviewed studies, social network analysis, Diagnosis of Sustainable Collaboration, Bergen, and logic models had the highest frequency. Among the indicators studied, the number of participants and the level of collaboration as well as its sustainability were the most frequent indicators. Conclusion: The findings identified the most important and widely used criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion which can be useful for decision-makers and planners in the domain of health promotion, in designing, implementing, and evaluating collaborative programs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22389/7213

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1065 1067 Jafir Shirazi 1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 2. Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Muhamamd Ali Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Asif Jamal Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Zafeer Saqib Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Abdul Rashid Health and OTC Division, Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019 09 17 2019 11 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18377 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18377/7235

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 908 918 EN Junjun Wei Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Li Tang Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Liang-Liang Chen Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Zhen-Hua Xie Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Yu Ren Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Hong-Gang Qi Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Jiang-Yong Lou Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Guo-Bin Weng Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Shu-Wei ZHANG Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China 2018 11 08 2019 07 17 Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently shown promise for the treatment of various types of chronic kidney disease models. However, the mechanism of this effect is still not well understood. Our study is aimed to investigate the effect of MSCs on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) and the underlying mechanism related to the reciprocal balance between hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and TGF-β1. Methods: Our study was performed at Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China between Mar 2017 and Jun 2018. HK-2 cells were initially treated with TGF-β1，then co-cultured with MSCs. The induced EMT was assessed by cellular morphology and the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and EMT-related proteins. MTS assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect the effect of TGF-β1 and MSCs on HK-2 cell proliferation and apoptosis. SiRNA against hepatocyte growth factor (siHGF) was transfected to decrease the expression of HGF to identify the role of HGF in MSCs inhibiting HK-2 cells EMT. Results: Overexpressing TGF-β1 decreased HGF expression, induced EMT, suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HK-2 cells; but when co-cultured with MSCs all the outcomes were reversed. However, after treated with siHGF, all the benefits taken from MSCs vanished. Conclusion: TGF-β1 was a motivating factor of kidney cell EMT and it suppressed the HGF expression. However, MSCs provided protection against EMT by increasing HGF level and decreasing TGF-β1 level. Our results also demonstrated HGF is one of the critical factor in MSCs anti- fibrosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15270 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15270/7218

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 866 878 Pamela Alejandra Escalante Saavedra 1. Health Sciences and Technology Post-Graduate Program, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 2. Research Group on Access to and Responsible Use of Medications, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil Jessica Vick Leal Pharmacy Graduate, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil Camila Areda 1. Research Group on Access to and Responsible Use of Medications, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 2.Pharmacy Graduate, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil Dayani Galato 1. Health Sciences and Technology Post-Graduate Program, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 2. Research Group on Access to and Responsible Use of Medications, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 2020 04 27 2021 01 11 Background: Burn injuries are very common and fire-related burns account for over 300,000 deaths per year globally. The costs of the treatment of these patients change around the world. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic literature review to identify the costs related to hospital stays of burn victims in countries with different Human Development Index (HDIs). Methods: PubMed, CINAHL and BVIS databases were searched using the following terms: “burn,” treatment” and “costs”. The review included articles that presented cost studies or economic assessments of burn victims in which the costs were reported, and published between 2012 and 2019. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria. This review presents register in Prospero (CRD42019137580). Results: The review included 19 economic studies conducted in 13 countries, most with a very high HDIs. Most studies estimated direct acute burn care costs through bottom-up costing and institutional data. Total hospital care costs ranged from US$ 10.58 to US$ 125,597.86 per patient, the cost of 1% of total body surface area burned ranged from US$ 2.65 to US$ 11,245.04, and the cost of hospital care per day, from US$ 24.23 to US$ 4,125.50. Conclusion: The costs are high and show wide discrepancies among countries. Medical costs and other losses caused by fatal and non-fatal burn injuries differ considerably among demographic groups, care protocols, and country HDIs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20522 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20522/7214

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1068 1069 Han Yong Lee Department of Sport and Health Care, Namseoul University, Cheonaan, South Korea Beom Ho Kim Graduated School of Alternative Medicine, Namseoul University, Cheonaan, South Korea Sung-Bum Ju Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan 47503, South Korea 2019 01 15 2019 02 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15923 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15923/7236

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 919 926 Şeyma Toy Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey Rukiye Çiftçi Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey Deniz Şenol Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey Fatma Kızılay Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Malatya, Turkey Hilal Ermiş Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey 2019 01 27 2019 05 28 Background: We aimed to compare the physical activity, kinesiophobia, and fatigue levels of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients and healthy individuals in terms their somatotypes. Methods: A total of 165 individuals were enrolled referred to the Department of Chest Diseases Sleep Disorders Center Outpatient Clinic of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey in 2018. The somatotype analysis was conducted using the Heath-Carter method, the fatigue level was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) fatigue scale, the kinesiophobia level was assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The results of the somatotype analysis revealed 3 different somatotypes in the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients’ mesomorph endomorph, endomorphic mesomorph, and mesomorphic endomorph. When comparing the somatotypes of the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients, statistically significant differences were found in the FACIT scores of the mesomorph endomorphs, the IPAQ and FACIT scores of the endomorphic mesomorphs, and the TSK and FACIT scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs (P<0.05). Conclusion: In all three somatotypes of the OSAS patients, the fatigue index scores were higher when compared to those of the healthy individuals. Moreover, when compared with the healthy individuals, the physical activity levels of the endomorphic mesomorphs with OSAS were low, while the kinesiophobia scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs with OSAS were high. Based on the results of this study, in OSAS patients, the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for reduced physical activity, while the mesomorphic endomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for increased kinesiophobia. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16049/7219

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 879 887 Mohammadreza Firouzkouhi Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mayumi Kako School of Medicine Graduate, School of Medical, Hiroshima, Japan Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad Department of Medical-Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Abbas Balouchi Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jebraeil Farzi Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran 2020 10 28 2021 01 13 Background: Nurses have a continuous presence and crucial role in response to disasters. During disasters, nurses apply specific knowledge and skills to minimize victims’ health and life-threatening risks. Nurses’ roles in crisis are not clearly stated in resources. Thus, this study aimed to explore nurses’ role in the nursing disaster model. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute framework. The review considered primary research and reviewed literature from following databases, including Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of articles identified for full-text review. Eligibility criteria were outlined as a priori to guide the literature selection. Results: Eight of 60 eligible articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in different countries with no limit of time of published articles. The publications’ design were three systematic reviews, one meta-synthesis, two qualitative types of research, one quasi-experimental, and one case study. The results showed nurses’ roles in the three stages before, during, and after the crisis. Conclusion: This review provided a comprehensive understanding of the concept of the nursing role in the crisis, and nurses could be useful to save victims through preparing and implementing effective care at different stages of a crisis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22674 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22674/7215

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1070 1071 Aamir Hussain Department of Health, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan 2019 01 22 2019 02 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16006 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16006/7237

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 927 937 Zhiyong Cao Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Han Wang Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China Xiangyang Zhu Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China 2020 10 27 2020 11 26 Background: Serum miR-497 can be used as a predictive index of the early diagnosis and poor prognosis of atherosclerosis cerebral infarction (ATCI). Methods: Overall, 135 ATCI patients, treated in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P.R.China from Apr 2012 to Jan 2015, were included in ATCI group. Whereas, 77 patients with non-atherosclerosis cerebral infarction were put in the control group. RT-qPCR was performed for detecting serum miR-497 expression, whose relationship with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate values of serum miR-497 for diagnosing ATCI patients and their 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates (OSRs). Cox regression analysis was conducted on prognostic factors of ATCI patients. Results: miR-497 remarkably rose in the serum of ATCI patients, and was correlated with histories of hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM). Its areas under curves (AUCs) for diagnosing these pathological parameters were 0.803, 0.817 and 0.819, respectively. Its expression was higher in the serum of the patients with recurrence and poor prognoses. Its AUCs for predicting the two conditions were 0.924 and 0.937, respectively. The 3- and 5-year OSRs of patients with low expression were remarkably higher than those of patients with high expression. Conclusion: miR-497 and histories of hypertension, smoking and DM were independent prognostic factors affecting the 3-year OSR of ATCI patients. miR-497 expression rises in ATCI patients, so this miR is expected to become a serum diagnostic marker for ATCI. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22661 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22661/7220

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 888 899 Fatemeh Abbasalizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sajjad Pourasghary Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Maryam Shirizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sanaz Mousavi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Morteza Ghojazadeh Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Hossein Hoseinifard Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Fatemeh Salehnia Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Leila Nikniaz Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran 2020 08 04 2021 01 11 Background: Group B streptococcus or streptococcus Agalactia is a gram positive beta hemolytic bacteria which is the main factor in neonatal infections. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of GBS in world and clarifying the rate of this infection in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Methods: We performed a systematic search by using different databases including Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Psycho-Info ProQuest and Web of Science published up to Feb 2019. We undertook meta-analysis to obtain the pooled estimate of prevalence of GBS colonization in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Results: Among 3324 papers searched, we identified 245 full texts of prevalence of GBS in pregnancy; 131 were included in final analysis. The estimated mean prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 15.5% (CI:95% (14.2-17)) worldwide; which was 14% (CI:95% (11-16.8)) in Islamic and 16.3% (CI:95% (14.6-18.1)) in non-Islamic countries and was statistically significant. Moreover, with regards to sampling area, prevalence of GBS colonization was 11.1 in vagina and 18.1 in vagina-rectum. Conclusion: Frequent washing of perineum based on religious instructions in Islamic countries can diminish the rate of GBS colonization in pregnant women. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21698 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21698/7216

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1072 1073 EN Zoleykha Asgarlou Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Mohammad Arzanlou Department of Psychiatry, Deputy of Medicine, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Mohammad Mohseni Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 09 2019 03 17 - https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16198 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16198/7238

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 938 948 Dae-Jung Lee Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Korea 2021 02 13 2021 04 30 Background: Efforts have often been made to improve physical education (PE) classes in response to rapidly changing societies. We applied science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education to PE classes. The purpose was to examine the effect of STEAM-based PE lessons on self-directed learning abilities, a core competency of the 21st century, and on attitudes toward PE classes related to PE alienation and avoidance. Methods: To achieve this purpose, six out of eight classes at a middle school in Jeollabuk-do province, Republic of Korea were selected in 2019. The experimental and control groups, consisting of 87 and 88 students, respectively, were chosen from among 238 first-grade students by utilizing convenience sampling. The experimental group attended PE classes based on STEAM for 14 weeks, whereas the control group attended traditionally teacher-centered PE classes. We used a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The experimental group displayed significant differences in all the sub-factors of attitudes toward PE classes and all the sub-factors of self-directed learning abilities, compared to the control group (P<0.05). PE classes based on STEAM appear to have a positive effect on students' attitudes toward PE classes and their self-directed learning abilities. Conclusion: PE is struggling to solve students' alienation and avoidance problems, despite numerous efforts. Thus, discussions have been conducted on how the STEAM philosophy can be implemented in the field of PE. Results suggest that efforts to combine STEAM education and PE are needed. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23865 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23865/7221

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 1074 1076 Hossein Mahmoudvand Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Maryam Sepahvand Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Bahram Nasiri Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Mehrdad Khatami Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran Ebrahim Badparva Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2019 02 15 2019 03 17 . https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16249 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16249/7239

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 5 2021 04 30 949 958 EN Lifang Tang School of Media and Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China Jie Wang School of Media and Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China 2021 03 31 2021 04 30 Background: Mass communication is one of the most important ways in health communication. The emergence of new media has changed the way people acquire health information and then their health behaviors. However, few studies have been conducted about complicated relations between media use and health behaviors under new media conditions and further systematic explanation is needed. Methods: A hypothesis model for the influence of WeChat use on health behaviors was constructed to explore the internal influencing mechanism of new media use on health behaviors. An empirical analysis on the internal influencing mechanism of WeChat use on health behaviors was carried out with a survey data consist of 463 young active users on famous online social network sites in China from March to June 2019. Results: New media use represented by WeChat has significant positive influence on health behaviors. Individuals who frequently use new media related to health have better health conditions than those who rarely use them. The improvement of health behaviors is mainly attributed to acquisition of health knowledge. Such effect is also mediated by the degree of individuals’ trust in health knowledge. Conclusion: This study not only discloses the influencing mechanism of new media use and health knowledge on health behaviors, but also confirms the value of new media in promoting public health communication and public health behaviors. Conclusions proSahebi 1. Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Ramin Sadeghi Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Gordon A. Ferns Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Brighton, UK Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2020 11 02 2021 04 02 Background: Vitamin D plays an essential role in the regulation of bone metabolism. The current meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D fortification on special bone biomarkers. Methods: Five main databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library as well as Science Direct, and Scopus) were considered for this systematic review, until Jan 2020. All randomized controlled trials were included to evaluate the probable relationship between consumption of vitamin D fortification products and bone biomarkers profile in this review. Results: Among serum bone biomarkers (osteocalcin and telopeptides of type-1 collagen) investigated, only the level of telopeptides of type-1 collagen significantly decreased after fortification of vitamin D in the intervention group. A significant increase in vitamin D was seen in those older than 18 yr old, while the increase in younger children was not statistically significant between intervention and control groups. Conclusion: Vitamin D fortification was not associated with a significant improvement in bone mass density (BMD), while it resulted in decreased PTH levels. Vitamin D fortified foods have some benefits on bone health due to increase in the level of vitamin D and IGF-1; and decreasing PTH and CTx levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22726 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22726/7494

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 07 471 472 Amirasad Pourabadeh Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Bentolhoda Mehdizadeh Department of Medical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Siroos Shojaei Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Meysam Davoodabadi Farahani Department of Desertification, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran Saeed Shojaei Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics Engineering, Sharood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran 2019 06 30 2019 07 20 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17618 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17618/7517

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 364 374 Yangbin Dai Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China Zhenjian Jiang Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China Yanru Qiu Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China Yiping Kang Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China Huangzhen Xu Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China Tianwen Xu Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China 2021 08 12 2021 09 08 Background: We aimed to probe carcinogenic genes associated with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) development. Methods: The gene expression profile of COAD were downloaded from TCGA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; GO and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed. Applying the up-mRNA-and-down-miRNA pairs and the down-mRNA-and-up-miRNA pairs, the miRNA target network was generated. The important genes were further analyzed towards the influence on overall survival and immune infiltration. In addition, essential miRNAs were selected for expression validation using real-time qPCR. Results: Together, from 2020-2021, in Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, we found 3060 up-regulated transcripts and 2254 down-regulated transcripts in mRNA expression, with 235 up-regulated and 263 down-regulated miRNAs. We discovered 98 enriched GO terms using the upregulated DEGs and 315 enriched GO terms using downregulated DEGs. There were 14 enriched KEGG pathways based on the down-regulated DEGs and only one pathway based on the up-regulated DEGs. There were 61 up-mRNA-and-down-miRNA pairs, including 7 miRNAs and 41 carcinogenic targets, among which HOXC13, FOXL2NB, ALOXE3, and ZIC2 were found related to a poorer OS. ZIC2 located at the subnet with the most targets (the miR-129-5p subnet). ZIC2 expression was correlated with immune-cell infiltration. Conclusion: These risk genes, interaction networks, and enrichments may provide a better understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms in COAD development and potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment of COAD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/25925 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/25925/7502

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 292 305 Moein Bashiry Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Fardin Javanmardi Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Musarreza Taslikh Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zhaleh Sheidaei Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Sadeghi Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Abdol-Samad Abedi Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Adel Mirza Alizadeh Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira Beikzadeh Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohammad Riahi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Hedayat Hossieni Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amin Mousavi Khaneghah Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, São Paulo, Brazil 2020 10 05 2021 04 03 Background: The contamination of food products by Listeria monocytogenes as a pathogen bacterium, threatening public health and raised a global concern for a long time. Dairy and meat products and ready-to-eat foods are recognized as the most common carriers for L. monocytogenes. Methods: The related reports of the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in dairy products in Middle East countries from 2009 to 2020 were screened through some of the international databases such as Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. While a random effect model was applied to estimate pooled or overall prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used. Results: Results showed severe heterogeneity (84.2%) in studies and estimated the overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes dairy food products from the Middle East region of 3.5% (CI: 2.2-5). The highest and lowest prevalence was associated with Jordan (17.6% CI: 9.8-26.9) and Iraq (1.6% CI: 0.3-3.7), respectively. Based on the type of product, the highest and lowest prevalence of L. monocytogenes was recognized for raw cow milk (5.8% CI: 2.7-9.7) and pasteurized cow milk (1.1% CI: 0-8), respectively. Conclusion: There is no justification for severe heterogeneity (I2) of subgroups as prevalence is heterogenic innately, but Jordan and row cow milk subgroups were found to have a considerable effect on overall pooled prevalence. Thus, they were the reason for prevalence changes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22411 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22411/7495

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 07 473 475 Amirhossein Parsaei Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ashkan Mohammadi Kooshki Department of Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran Hamid Nasri 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4. Nickan Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran Shakiba Hassanzadeh Nickan Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran 2021 11 15 2021 12 28 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26879 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26879/7518

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 375 385 Şebnem Zorlutuna Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey 2020 08 02 2020 11 08 Background: The study aimed to estimate the overall and disease-free survival rates of breast cancer patients and the factors affecting these rates. Methods: In this retrospective study, data were obtained from 686 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Research and Application Hospital Oncology Center between 1988 and 2014. Total population sampling method was used. The survival rates at certain periods were determined by creating a Life Table. By using the Kaplan-Meier Analysis, the mean survival times and rates were determined, and whether the variables had an impact on survival was examined. By applying Cox regression analysis, the effect of prognostic factors that are significant on the survival time of breast cancer patients was examined. Results: Overall mean survival time was found as 208.4±11.8 months. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1, 5, 10 and 20-years overall survival rates were 96.6 ± 0.07%, 82.3 ± 1.7%, 64.4 ± 3.4% and 49%± 7.4%, respectively. According to Cox regression analysis results, variables that influence overall survival time were found as disease stage, multicentricity status, ECOG (performance status), presence of diabetes, CA15-3 value, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Moreover, variables that had an impact on the disease-free survival time were found as tumor grade, multicentricity, and ECOG. Conclusion: Many factors other than disease can prolong survival or accelerate death. Considering the findings of this study may be useful in planning the treatment of breast cancer patients have positive affect on overall survival rates. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21684 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21684/7503

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 306 317 Hamid Salehiniya Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadkarim Bahadori Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghader Ghanizadeh Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Raei Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 09 13 2021 02 27 Background: There is no comprehensive study addressing all the epidemiological aspects of Lung cancer (LC) in Iran, therefore this systematic review investigated the epidemiological aspects of lung cancer in Iran. Methods: The search was performed until the Aug. 2020 on the in international databases based on PRISMA protocol by Pulmonary Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasm, Neoplasm, Lung, Lung Cancer, Cancer, Pulmonary Cancer, Cancer, Pulmonary, Cancers, Cancer of the Lung, Iran, incidence, death, risk factors keywords and different combinations of them. Articles that evaluated epidemiological aspects of lung cancer were included in the analysis. Results: Of 1420 articles, 82 cases were entered the analysis. Based on studies, in Iran, lung cancer has been the most common cancer and its prevalence is increasing. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in men and women, respectively. Cigarette smoking, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, mustard gas, occupational risk factors and genetic factors considered as the major reported risk factors for lung cancer and vegetarian diet as a protective factor. Conclusion: In according to the increasing trend of incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Iran, elimination of the major risk factors can decrease this issue and national comprehensive planning should be considered in health promotion plans. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22172 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22172/7496

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 07 476 478 EN Azad Shokri Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sci-ences, Sanandaj, Iran Ghobad Moradi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sci-ences, Sanandaj, Iran Amjad Mohammadi Bolbanabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sci-ences, Sanandaj, Iran Farhad Moradpour Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sci-ences, Sanandaj, Iran Fatemeh Younesi Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Management and Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Teh-ran, Iran Ali Ebrazeh Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 2021 11 28 2021 12 28 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27019 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27019/7519

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 386 394 Ling Zhang Center for Mental Health, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China Jinxia Pang Nursing Department, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China Fangli Zhu Public English Department, Anhui Communications Vocational Technical College, Hefei, China 2021 12 05 2022 02 06 Background: As education develops, it proposes increasing requirements on the quality of teachers. Thus, attention on the mental health problems of teachers has also been gaining increasing attention. However, specific studies on the relationship among teachers’ perceived social support, psychache, and psychological resilience remain lacking. Methods: Overall, 430 teachers (including teachers from universities, middle schools, and primary schools) from Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Hubei, Shanxi, Guangxi and other provinces in China were investigated in 2021 by using perceived social support scale, psychache scale, and psychological resilience scale. Results: Teachers’ perceived social support is below the average, whereas psychache and psychological resilience are above the average. A significant gender difference exists in teachers’ psychache, and female teachers showed significantly higher teachers’ psychache than male teachers (P<0.05). Teachers’ psychache showed significantly negative correlations with perceived social support (r=−0.465, P<0.01) and psychological resilience (r=−0.526, P<0.01), but teachers psychological resilience had a significantly positive correlation with perceived social support (r=0.439, P<0.01). Teachers’ perceived social support (β=−0.465, P<0.01) could make a negative significant prediction of teachers’ psychache, and teachers’ perceived social support (β=0.435, P<0.01) could make a positive significant prediction of teachers’ psychological resilience. Moreover, psychological resilience had partial mediating effect between perceived social support and psychache, which accounts for 37.6% of the total effect. Conclusion: Perceived social support not only is an important factor that influences teachers’ psychache directly but can also influence the psychache of teachers indirectly through psychological resilience. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/27092 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/27092/7504

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 07 479 480 Maryam Hataminejad Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Hakim Azizi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mansour Dabirzadeh Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mojgan Aryaiepour Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Afshari Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran 2019 07 21 2019 08 14 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17858 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17858/7520

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 395 399 EN Nurjannah Nurjannah Magister Program of Public Health, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kuala, Gedung E Pusat Administrasi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSYIAH. Banda Aceh, 23373, Indonesia Marisa Marisa Nutrition Department, Medical School, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kuala, Gedung E Pusat Administrasi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSYIAH. Banda Aceh, 23373, Indonesia Etika Sari Magister Program of Public Health, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kuala, Gedung E Pusat Administrasi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSYIAH. Banda Aceh, 23373, Indonesia 2020 06 20 2020 11 08 Background: Similar to Indonesia, Aceh Province also showed a slight decline in neonatal mortality rate. However, the rate is still high compared to other provinces. Efforts to reduce neonatal mortality rate are essential because neonatal deaths contributed up to 71% of all under-five deaths in 2017 in Aceh. Antenatal care and low birth weight are known to be associated with neonatal mortality. The purpose of this study was to map district-level neonatal mortality rate and its determinants (antenatal care and low birth weight) in Aceh to inform policymakers in planning the interventions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using publicly available secondary data obtained from Aceh Provincial Health Office. The study used the 2017 data of neonatal mortality rate, percent of 4th antenatal care visit and percent of low birth weight at district level. Thematic maps were produced using ArcMap (V.10.5). The correlation was analyzed using the Spearman rank test. Results: The results indicated the regional variation of neonatal mortality rate across Aceh Province. Districts in the Southern region had lower neonatal mortality rates compared to others. Low birth weight was positively correlated with neonatal mortality rate at district level (Spearman’s Rho=0.545, P=0.007). However, the percent of 4th antenatal care visit at district level was not correlated with neonatal mortality rate (Spearman’s Rho= -0.35, P=0.097). Conclusion: The study identified regional variations of neonatal mortality rate, low birth weight and ante natal care visit. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21168 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21168/7505

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 400 408 Kishore Mohammad Majidul Islam Department of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China Jiangping Li Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yin-chuan, China Hongmin Li Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China Huifang Yang Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China 2020 11 22 2021 07 10 Background: Multinational comparative study of the relation of self-rated health (SRH) with health behavior and chronic disease can ease our perception of differences in health factors between countries. We aimed to compare the relation of SRH with health behavior and chronic disease. Methods: We attempted to analyze larger data obtained from 2010 East-Asian-Social-Survey and to compare the situation of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan (Special administrative region of China). As these are neighboring regions having both similarities and differences in socio-demographic aspects as well as environment and cultures. The study was composed of 10,137 participants. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were employed to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) for SRH and health-related behavior, sociodemographic, chronic disease variables. Results: The number of individuals reporting Good SRH was 6,648, with China having the higher proportion (P=<0.05). There were 3642 (35.9%) who suffered from chronic diseases. Overall, males, age group 18-30, nonreligious, higher education levels, singles, and those living in big cities had higher percentage of good health. Those without chronic diseases had higher percentage of good health (P=<0.05). The consumption of alcohol was associated with poor SRH in all regions. While less physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease were also responsible for poor SRH in all regions (P=<0.05). Conclusion: Several health-related behaviors and chronic diseases are associated with poor self-rated health. Effective public health strategies, in promoting healthy lifestyles, and disease prevention intervention should be encouraged. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22958 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22958/7506

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 409 415 Zary Nokhodian Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Behrooz Ataei Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Mehdi Gouya Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Shervin Ghafari Hosseini Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Majid Yaran Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Marjan Mansourian Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Ramin Heshmat Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohsen Zahraei Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Roya Kelishadi Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2019 10 07 2020 07 28 Background: Assessing the prevalence of infections, which are preventable by vaccination, is crucial to monitor the vaccination program efficacy, and it can demonstrate the gaps in population immunity. The current study attempted to assess the specific Immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in Iranian children and adolescents, years after their vaccination. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran. Serum samples of 2100 students, aged 7-18 years, included in a national health survey, were tested for MMR antibodies by ELISA assay. Multistage random cluster sampling was used to select subjects from 30 provinces in Iran. Results: Overall, 1871, 1718, and 1678 serums were tested for measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies, respectively. The prevalence of positive test was 1231 (65.8%) for measles, 1327 (77.2%) for mumps and 1344 (80.1%) for rubella. Conclusion: Despite high vaccination coverage in Iran, IgG antibody against measles, mumps, and rubella was not detected in a considerable proportion of children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. In case of contacts with residents of other countries, where measles or rubella have not yet been eliminated, it may create problems for Iranian children. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18573 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18573/7507

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 416 425 Shohreh Naderimagham Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sci-ences, Tehran, Iran Kimiya Gohari 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ali Sheidaei 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza Jamshidi Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Namazi Shabestari Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mitra Modirian National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Nazila Rezaei Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Kompani Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahman Damerchilu Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza Bahrami-Taghanaki Department of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Bagher Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farshad Farzadfar Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 01 14 2019 11 04 Background: Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHDs) are the main causes of deaths all over the world. Since there is no comprehensive study on IHDs mortality rate in Iran, the present study aimed to estimate age-standardized IHDs mortality rate by sex, age, geography, and time trends at both national and sub-national levels in Iran. Methods: We used the Death Registration System (DRS) data from 1990 to 2015 collected by the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education across the country, Tehran, and Isfahan main cemetery, not included in the DRS. Utilized death distribution methods to overcome the incompleteness of data. Statistical models including Spatio-temporal and Gaussian-Process Regression models were used to extrapolate all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates. Results: Age-standardized IHDs mortality rate in Iran almost doubled from 1990 to 2015. Forty-nine deaths per 100.000 population in 1990, which increased to 91.6 deaths per 100.000 in 2015). Male to female age-standardized mortality rate increased from 1.07 to 1.32 during the studied period. Aging was associated with an increase in age-standardized IHDs mortality rate in both sexes, all provinces, and all of the years. The range of age-standardized IHDs mortality rate for both sexes was from 58 to 136.2 deaths per 100,000 across provinces in 2015. Conclusion: Due to the increase in age-standardized IHDs mortality rate in Iran, it seems necessary to design and implement appropriate public health interventions by health authorities to prevent and control this group of diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15920 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15920/7508

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 2 2022 02 06 426 437 Sheida