Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 339 2347 Changqing SUN Department of Internal Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital Brain Hospital, Weifang 261021, P.R. China Xiulin LI Electrocardiographic Room, Weifang People's Hospital Brain Hospital, Weifang 261021, P.R. China Daoqing WANG Department of Internal Medicine, Weifang Weicheng People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, P.R. China Liming WANG Department of Intensive Care Unit, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, P.R. China 2020 07 16 2020 08 20 Background: To investigate the therapeutic and diagnostic value of caspase-12 and study of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Overall 78 patients with AMI admitted to Weifang People's Hospital Brain Hospital, Weifang, China from Apr 2016 to Apr 2019 were enrolled as AMI group. Seventy five non-AMI people undergoing physical examination during the same period were enrolled as non-AMI group. The expression levels of caspase-12 and GDF-15 were detected and compared. The correlation between the expressions of GDF-15, caspase-12 and clinical characteristics and efficacy was detected. Single and combined detection of GDF-15 and caspase-12 were performed analyze their role in the early diagnosis, the prediction of efficacy, and the guidance of clinical therapy. Results: After treatment, the levels of GDF-15 and caspase-12 in AMI group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.001). The expression levels of GDF-15 and caspase-12 were significantly correlated with blood pressure (P<0.05). The expression levels of GDF-15 and caspase-12 were significantly negatively correlated with clinical efficacy in AMI group. The diagnostic value of combined detection of GDF-15 and caspase-12 was higher than that of single diagnosis. The levels of serum caspase-12 and GDF-15 proteins were significantly up-regulated in AMI patients. With the better therapeutic effect, the levels of serum caspase-12 and GDF-15 proteins decreased significantly. Conclusion: The levels of serum caspase-12 and GDF-15 proteins may be a key indicator in the clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and may also be used to guide the treatment of AMI patients and predict the therapeutic efficacy. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21502 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21502/7070

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 28 2240 2250 Huai-Qing LUO Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China 3. Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China Chun-Xia HUANG Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China Guang-Yi LI Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China Ping LI Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China Shou-Ming ZHANG Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China Hai-Gang LI Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China Li HAN Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China AND Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China Mei-Hua BAO Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Science Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China 2018 12 29 2019 07 17 Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a category of chronic lung diseases with more than 200 subtypes. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), systemic sclerosis (SSc) ILD, and familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP) are three major groups of lung diseases with different causes or with unknown causes. Mucin5B (MUC5B) belongs to the mucin family, which contribute to the lubricating and viscoelastic properties of the whole saliva, normal lung mucus, and cervical mucus. The association between MUC5B rs35705950 and ILDs risks has been widely studied. However, the results were inconclusive and inconsistent. Methods: In the present meta-analysis, the database PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched till Aug 20th, 2018. Overall 16 publications with 28 studies, 76345 cases and 18402 controls were included. Results: The results indicated a significant increase of overall IIP risk for TT genotype and T allele of the rs35705950 in all genetic models (TT vs GG, OR=9.11; TT vs GT+TT, OR=5.80; GT+TT vs GG, OR=4.34; T vs G, OR=4.03. P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis by subtypes of IIP revealed higher risks of TT genotype and T allele for IPF and iNSIP (P<0.05). A significant increase of FIP risk was also found for the TT genotype and T allele of the rs35705950 (TT vs GG, OR=17.08; GT+TT vs GG, OR=6.02; T vs G, OR=1.64.P<0.05). Conclusion: No significant relations existed between the rs35705950 and SSc-ILD risks. MUC5B rs35705950 might be a predictor for the susceptibility of IIP and FIP. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15750 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15750/7060

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2418 2420 Eun Ok SHIM Chonnam National University Hospital, Hwasun, Seoyang-ro, Hawsun, Jeollanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea Keum Seong JANG College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, 160 Baekeseo-ro, Donggu, Gwangju 61468, Republic of Korea Yun Hee KIM Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan, Jeollanamdo, 58544, Republic of Korea 2018 11 08 2018 12 02 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15273 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15273/7079

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 28 2235 2239 Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; AND Department of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; AND Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran Marjan ZARIF-YEGANEH Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran; AND Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 11 28 Over the last few years, the development of genome editing has revolutionized research on the human genome. Recent advances in developing programmable nucleases, such as meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas, has greatly expedited the progress of gene editing from concept to clinical practice. The CRISPR has advantages over other nuclease-based genome editing tools due to its high accuracy, efficiency, and strong specificity. Eight years after CRISPR application for human genome edition by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna, the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been jointly given to them for development of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, allows scientists to precisely cut and edit of DNA. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23009 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23009/7059

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2348 2355 Natasa MIHAILOVIC Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dragan VASILJEVIC Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia AND Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Vesna MILICIC Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Marina LUKETINA SUNJKA European Center for Peace and Development, University for Peace established by the United Nations, Belgrade, Serbia Snezana RADOVANOVI Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia AND Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Biljana MILICIC Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Sanja KOCIC Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia AND Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2018 12 21 2019 04 23 Background: Repeated research while using the same methodology can be useful and it can enable relevant conclusions in the same health care system. The aim of our study was to perform comparative analysis of the agreement between admission and discharge diagnostic groups in period 2014-2017 with period 2006-2013 in the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia. Methods: The 5% simple, random sample was made from the basic set of all hospital reports from Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Serbia, in the period 01.01. 2014 - 31.12. 2017 (n=10228). The first four digits of ICD-10 codes at admission and discharge were compared for agreement. We used discharge diagnosis as a "golden standard". Statistical analysis was performed using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. Results: In the period 2014-2017, agreement between diagnosis among the most ICD10 groups increased in comparison with the period 2006-2013. Disagreements between diagnosis in the period 2014-2017 in comparation with period 2006-2013 was associated with increased length of stay in the hospital (7.5 vs. 9.1 days, P<0.01), patients were younger (54 vs 49.6 yr, P<0.01), number of males declined (26.3% vs 16.2%, P<0.05), kappa value decreased in XV ICD10 group and XI ICD10 group and kappa value increased in XIV ICD10 group. Conclusion: Agreement between admission and discharge diagnosis among the most ICD10 diagnostic groups increased. Introduction of a new web application has increased the quality of data, but interpreting it requires the skill of researchers. Further research should identify modifiable causes of discrepancy between admission and discharge diagnoses. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15673 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15673/7071

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 28 2251 2255 Yingjiang XU Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery Binzhou Medical College Hospital, Binzhou, Binzhou, P.R. China AND Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China Gang CHEN Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China Xinqiang HAN Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China Xiujuan GAO Department of Neurosurgery Binzhou Medical College Hospital, Binzhou, P.R. China 2019 04 15 2019 08 10 Background: To summarize the cases of physicians overwork death between Jan 2007 and Dec 2018, the tragedy merits the attention of the authorities and policy-makers to increase their efforts to reduce death among physicians in China. Methods: Data were extracted from medical databases, local mass media, official documents and medical Bulletin Board System (BBS), in which only included articles, reports and news listed in the retrieval strategy, and unpublished data were excluded. Results: Overall, 110 cases (7 females and 103 males) were enrolled in this study. Most incidents have occurred since 2012, especially in 2017. Of these, 86 (78.18%) physicians worked in public tertiary hospitals, four times more than the number of cases taking place in secondary hospitals. Additionally, overwork death was the most common in surgery-related departments that account for up to 65 (59.1%). Notably, these events, taking place in first-tier cities and the southeastern coastal areas of China, included 27 chief physicians, 31 associate of chief physicians, 21 attending physicians, 10 resident physicians and 4 standardized training physicians. Conclusion: Overwork death among Chinese physicians is not only a contemporary health problem but also a critical social issue. The laws and regulations should be perfected to prevent the events. Meanwhile, the public should be aware of the need for more understanding and trust in physicians in China. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/16836 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/16836/7061

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2421 2422 Asad Mustafa KARIM National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea AND Department of Infectious Diseases, Latin American School of Medicine, Santa Fe, Havana, Cuba Mujahid Aizaz KARIM Department of Infectious Diseases, Latin American School of Medicine, Santa Fe, Havana, Cuba AND Tehsil Head Quarter Hospital, Liaqat Pur, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan Zabta Khan SHINWARI Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan Jung Hun LEE National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea Sang Hee LEE National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea 2018 12 24 2019 01 09 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15696 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15696/7080

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2356 2366 Ge CAI Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Yaping YUE Department of Preschool Education, School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China Meifang LI Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China 2020 10 09 2020 10 17 Background: During the long–time home quarantine due to COVID–19, preschool-age children can be easily stricken by negative emotions, which give rise to aggressive behaviors. Aggressive behaviors are of different types at the preschool stage. We aimed to investigate the differences of emotion regulation strategies among children age 3–6 yr old with different aggression types and explore the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and aggressive behaviors. Methods: The aggressive behaviors of 1,187 children sampled (event sampling method) from 5 kindergartens in five cities in Henan Province of China were observed on the spot in 2020. Three aggression types (i.e., physical, verbal, and indirect) were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on emotion regulation strategies and discuss the differences among aggressive children in emotion regulation strategies. Results: Children of different genders are significantly different in aggressive behaviors and problem solving, as well as children at different age levels in self–comfort, passive reaction, and negative regulation strategies. Significant interaction exists between gender and aggression but not in negative regulation strategy; significant interaction also exists between age and aggression but not in cognitive reconstruction, substitutive activity, and aggressive behavior. Significant differences exist among children of different aggression types in positive and negative regulation strategies. The discrimination accuracy of emotion regulation strategies for aggression types is 66.5%. Conclusion: Significant differences exist among 3-6-yr-old aggressive children in emotion regulation strategies, and emotion regulation strategies can effectively distinguish aggressive children of different types. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22461 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22461/7072

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 28 22308 22308 Xiaoju ZHOU Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China Xuequn ZHAO Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China Jun LIU Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China Wenjie YANG Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China 2020 09 24 2020 10 03 Background: This study aimed to explore effective education method to improve influenza vaccine uptake rate. Methods: Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials was conducted in this study including subgroup analysis and publication bias test. Electronic databases comprised PubMed, EBSCO, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Cochrane were searched for studies published up to Oct 8, 2019. Results: Influenza vaccination was significantly different in massages or letters intervention group (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.05-1.61). No heterogeneity and publication bias existed in this meta-analysis (I2=43.60%, P=0.131, Pbegg =0.754, Pegger=0.051). Conclusion: Education by messages and letters was effective according to this study. Education messages could be more efficacy combined with easer vaccine access. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22308 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22308/7062

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2423 2425 Sangwook SEO Gyeongsangbuk-do Government Public Institute of Health and Environment, Yeongcheon 38874, Republic of Korea Kisok KIM College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea 2018 10 29 2018 12 05 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15145 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15145/7081

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2367 2375 Ka Young KIM College of Nursing, Gachon University, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, South Korea Eunmi LEE Department of Nursing, Hoseo University, 79-20, Hoseo-ro, Baebang-eup, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31499, South Korea Jeonghyun CHO College of Nursing, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, South Korea 2020 06 29 2020 09 09 Background: We aimed to investigate the factors affecting healthcare utilization among patients with single and multiple chronic diseases using the Andersen healthcare utilization model. Methods: We used a combination of the data from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2014–2016). The study population was 3,901 patients with single chronic disease and 1,829 patients with multiple chronic diseases as defined by the WHO. Participants were aged 19 yr or older. Multiple regression analysis was employed using the Andersen model to identify factors affecting healthcare utilization (inpatient and outpatient). Results: According to the Andersen model (comprising predisposing, enabling, and need factors and health behaviors), the factors that increased outpatients with single chronic disease were female, being aged 65 yr or older, having basic livelihood security benefit, immobility, and poor subjective health status. Factors that increased inpatients with single chronic disease were being aged under 65, having private insurance, immobility, poor subjective health status, and nondrinking. Moreover, factors that increased outpatients and inpatients with multiple chronic diseases were female, being aged under 65, immobility, and poor subjective health status and immobility, poor subjective health status, nondrinking, and not engaging in physical activity, respectively. Conclusion: We identified factors affecting outpatient and inpatient care utilization among patients with single and multiple chronic diseases, using the Andersen healthcare utilization model. The findings can be used as foundational data to develop preventive and management strategies in healthcare utilization among patients with single and multiple chronic diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21296 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21296/7073

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2264 2274 EN Mingxing HOU Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010058, China Haiqing HU Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China Chunlu JIN Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China Xuemei YU Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China 2018 06 15 2018 09 11 Background: We investigated the efficacy of esomeprazole for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a meta-analysis of clinical trials results. Methods: Medline, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for suitable studies, and double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were involved. A meta-analysis of RCTs was performed to analyze the efficacy of esomeprazole on clinical outcomes that associated with the severity of GERD. Results: A total of 8 clinical trials were selected in our meta-analysis (N=4495, patients with GERD). Esomeprazole treatment yielded a significant improvement in clinical signs and symptoms of GERD compared to placebo group. Funnel plot and Egger test showed there was no significant bias in the publication. Cochrane collaboration tool and Jadad scale were used to indicate that all 8 RCTs were of high quality. The results of Galbraith radial plot showed that no study was the major source of heterogeneity. Esomeprazole treatment significantly decreased the relapse rates more than that of placebo group (RR = 0.729; 95% CI: 0.670 to 0.794; P<0.001). It seems to be lower rates of heartburn (RR = 0.747; 95%CI: 0.665-0.839; P <0.001) and epigastric pain (RR = 0.795; 95%CI: 0.679-0.932; P =0.005) in esomeprazole-treated group compared with the placebo group. Moreover, serious adverse events was less likely to happen after esomeprazole therapy (RR = 1.406, 95% CI: 1.030-1.918; P =0.032). Conclusion: Compared with the control group, esomeprazole is a promising therapeutic agent that improves the management of patients with GERD. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13725 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13725/7063

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2426 2427 Stefka IVANOVA Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria Angelina KIRKOVA-BOGDANOVA Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and E-Learning, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Maria VAKRILOVA BECHEVA Speciality Rehabilitator, Medical College, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2019 10 14 2019 11 03 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18651 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18651/7082

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2376 2383 Stevo POPOVIC Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro AND Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro Boris BANJEVIC Army of Montenegro, Airforce Military of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Bojan MASANOVIC Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro AND Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro Dusko BJELICA Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro AND Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro 2020 11 02 2020 11 08 Background: The body composition and physical fitness of members of the army is always a relevant topic for research, since the level of defense and security of people and material goods in a specific territory in many ways depends on the level of ability of the army. However, members of the armed forces are a heterogeneous group, typified by different abilities, characteristics, but also everyday needs, and the trend of changing body composition and reducing physical fitness is a current issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine possible differences in body composition indicators that could appear between members of the Army of Montenegro of different military specialties. Methods: The sample of respondents included 240 Montenegrin male soldiers (32.5yr±9.5), who were measured at the sports dispensaries within the barracks of Montenegrin Army around the country in the spring of 2020, was classified into eight numerically equal subsamples according to their military specialty. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures, which were necessary to calculate two derived body composition indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (FAT %). Using the one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with Taki’s model, the variables were analyzed. Results: It was determined that the body composition of Montenegrin soldiers shows a certain peculiarity compared to other national military corps, while there are differences in body composition indicators between members of the Montenegrin Army of different military specialties. Conclusion: This fact dramatically strengthens the issues of Montenegrin distinctive regarding body composition, both in general terms and in terms of distinctive within specific professional vocations. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22730 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22730/7074

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 12 2020 11 29 2275 2286 Haewon BYEON Department of Medical Big Data, College of AI Convergence, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Gyeonsangnamdo, South Korea 2019 10 17 2019 12 09 Background: The objectives of this study were to systematically review the effects of grief-focused interventions, applied to dementia caregivers, on emotional burden including sadness and to provide baseline information for dementia caregivers toblish"> 2018 11 01 1675 1680 Dan GAO Dept. of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Sanhui JING Dept. of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Jian WU College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Ge WU Dept. of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2018 10 29 Background: Dialysis costs was a heavy burden in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. In China, the two major medical insurance systems are the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) for rural residents and the Urban Employees’ Medical Insurance (UEMI) for urban patients. This study compared the economic bur-den of ESRD patients under different dialysis methods and the impact of the medical insurance system on it. Methods: Overall, 156 ESRD patients were enrolled at the Department of Nephrology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China between Jan 2013 and Jan 2014. They were divided into hemodialysis group (HD group, n=84) and peritoneal dialysis group (PD group, n=72). The data, such as the patient's basic information, total expenses and self-paid expenses in the early stage of dialysis and 1-year treatment, and medical insurance type, were separately collected. Results: The early-stage average total expenses and self-paid expenses in the PD group were higher than those in the HD group (P<0.01). The average total expenses and self-paid expenses in the PD group were lower than those in the HD group (P<0.01). Whichever dialysis method was used, the self-paid expense percentage for the NCMS patients and was higher than UEMI patients. Conclusion: In terms of the long-term dialysis treatment for ESRD patients, the better choice was PD judging by the treatment expenses. Meanwhile, different medical insurance types had significant economic burden im-pacts on dialysis patients.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15155 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15155/6195

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1777 1779 Kourosh HOLAKOUIE-NAIENI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Owais RAZA Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad NEMATOLLAHI Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leonard EMMANUEL MENSAH Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javed MEMON Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shema MHAJABIN Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 10 29 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15173 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15173/6214

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1681 1687 Sermin TIMUR TAŞHAN Dept. of Women Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey Tuba UÇAR Dept. of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey Yeşim AKSOY DERYA Dept. of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey Gülçin NACAR Dept. of Women Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey Behice ERCI Dept. of Women Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey 2018 10 29 Background: There are many assessment instruments used for cancer worry. Many women worry about breast cancer, but In Turkey, there is no scale that assesses the worry about developing breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Breast Cancer Worry Scale (BCWS). This scale was created as a modified version of the Cancer Worry Scale. Methods: The study was conducted in a Family Health Center (FHC) located in eastern Turkey using a methodological design. The study sample consisted of 610 healthy women who referred to a FHC for any reason. The data were collected using the Participant Information Form and BCWS with a face-to-face interview conducted between Jun 2015 and Jan 2016. Construct validity of the scales was tested via factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation coefficient, and test-retest correlations were calculated to check for reliability. Results: The factor load values of BCWS were found to be between 0.45 and 0.79. The total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.78, and the total score correlations of items ranged between 0.32 and 0.64. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.81 (P=0.001). Conclusion: The Turkish version of the BCWS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the effect of breast cancer worry on daily activities and mental condition.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15156 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15156/6196

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1780 1782 aber GHAREHDAGHI Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Reza NASR Semnan Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Jamil KHEIRVARI KHEZERLOO Dept. of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza AKBARI EIDGAHI Semnan Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mohsen TABASI Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza GHASEMI Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Elnaz MOZAFFARI Dept. of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran Reza AZIZIAN Massoud Clinical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza ESKANDARION Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran 2018 10 29 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15174 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15174/6215

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1688 1693 Jing WANG Dept. of Obstetrics, Seventh People's Hospital of Jinan, Jiyang, Shandong, China Yanping BI Dept. of Obstetrics, Seventh People's Hospital of Jinan, Jiyang, Shandong, China Junxia LI Dept. of Obstetrics, Seventh People's Hospital of Jinan, Jiyang, Shandong, China Yanfang TIAN Dept. of Obstetrics, Seventh People's Hospital of Jinan, Jiyang, Shandong, China Xue YANG Dept. General Surgery, Seventh People's Hospital of Jinan, Jiyang, Shandong, China Zhongfang SUN Dept. of Obstetrics, Seventh People's Hospital of Jinan, Jiyang, Shandong, China 2018 10 29 Background: To predict the optimal functions of key aberrant genes in early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) by using a modified network-based gene function inference method. Methods: First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted using linear models for microarray data (LIMMA) package. Then the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to assess co-expressed strength of each interaction between DEGs, based on which the co-expressed genes network was constructed to vividly exhibit their interlinking relationship. Subsequently, Gene ontology (GO) annotations for EOPE were collected according to known confirmed database and DEGs. Ultimately, the multifunctionality algorithm was used to extend the “guilt by association” method based on the co-expressed network, and a 3-fold cross validation was operated to evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm. Results: During the process, the GO terms, of which the area under the curve (AUC) over 0.7 were screened as the optimal gene functions for EOPE. Six functions including the ion binding and cellular response to stimulus were determined as the optimal gene functions. Conclusion: Such findings should help to better understand the pathogenesis of EOPE, so as to provide some references for clinical diagnosis and treatment in the future.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15157 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15157/6197

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 15175 15175 Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2018 10 29 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15175 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15175/6216

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1694 1702 Rozaimah ABU TALIB Kerian Health District, Parit Buntar, Perak, Malaysia Idayu Badilla IDRIS Dept. of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Rosnah SUTAN Dept. of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Norizan AHMAD Family Health Development Division, Health Department of Kedah, Alor Star, Kedah, Malaysia Norehan ABU BAKAR Bandar Baharu District Health Office, Kedah, Malaysia 2018 10 29 Background: This cross-sectional was aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-pregnancy care services usage and its determinant factors among women of reproductive age in Kedah, Malaysia. Methods: Overall, 1347 respondents who attended 24 government health clinics, were chosen using systematic multistage random sampling. A validated self-administered questionnaire which consisted of sections including socio-demographic characteristics, social support, knowledge on pre-pregnancy care, perception on risk of pregnancy, health status, as well as intention and awareness on pre-pregnancy care services were distributed. Results: The prevalence of utilization of pre-pregnancy care services was still low i.e. 44.0%. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed consistent significant level between all factors and pre-pregnancy care usage except for family planning practice. The factors that showed significant difference with the usage of pre-pregnancy care services were age of more than 35 (P<0.001), high education level (P<0.001), non-working mothers (P<0.001), multipara (P=0.001), awareness on the existence of pre-pregnancy care services in government health facilities (P<0.001), intention to use the services (P=0.0030), having medical illness (P=0.005), having social support (P=0.001), high knowledge (P<0.001), and positive perception (P<0.001). Conclusion: Low usage of pre-pregnancy care services can be improved through health screening on reproductive-aged women with positive determinant factors at the triage level in integrated clinics. Information and knowledge on pre-pregnancy services should be disseminated among community members through various means including roadshows and pre-wedding workshops.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15158 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15158/6198

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 15176 15176 Eray YURTSEVEN Public Health Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Kocamustafa Pasa, Istanbul, Turkey Suphi VEHİD Public Health Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Kocamustafa Pasa, Istanbul, Turkey Merve BOSAT Health Management Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, 34320 Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey Selçuk KÖKSAL Public Health Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Kocamustafa Pasa, Istanbul, Turkey Cemile Nihal YURTSEVEN Dept. of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey 2018 10 29 No Abstract#### https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15176 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15176/6217

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1703 1708 Youliang OU Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Yanli ZHOU Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Ping XIANG Dept. of Medical Quality Management, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China 2018 10 29 Background: This study aimed to observe the effect of fine nursing on pain and postpartum recovery during natural delivery of pregnant women. Methods: The clinical data of 192 primiparas who were expecting labor in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China from 2015-2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 100 cases were treated with fine nursing before and after delivery, and 92 cases were treated with routine nursing. The pain rate, the second stage of labor, the amount of bleeding 2 hours postpartum, and postpartum recovery were compared between the two groups. Results: The number of cases of grade 0 and 1 pain and the good rate of pain were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group, the number of cases with grade 2 pain in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). The second stage of labor and the 2h postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). The number of maternal cases with good postpartum sleep, good lactation and good mental health in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Fine nursing before and after delivery can reduce maternal pain rate, shorten the second stage of labor, reduce the amount of bleeding after 2 hours postpartum, promote good sleep, lactation, psychological conditions, reduce postpartum infection rate, which is conducive to maternal body recovery, worthy of clinical promotion.      https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15159 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15159/6199

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1709 1716 Marita MOHAMMADSHAHI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hasan HEMATYAR Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh NAJAFI Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Minoo ALIPOURI SAKHA Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abolghasem POURREZA Dept. of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 10 29 Background: The rate of caesarean section (C-section) in Iran is too high, so having a plan to control it is crucial. Since one of the most important reasons for inclination of providers to do C-section is financial issues, the purpose of this study was offering financial solutions for increasing normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and decreasing non-indicated C-section. Methods: This analytical-descriptive research, used game theory for offering financial mechanisms. The game was a dynamic one in which the backward induction was used to obtain a Nash equilibrium. Financial structure and the mean number of NVD and C-section in a certain period of time in comparison with standards were as the main influential factors on financial dimensions and were included in the model. Results: The effect of financial structure was shown through a specified insurance for childbirth, existence of a monitoring department and tariffs. Conclusion: The main solution for controlling C-section in designed game was taxes and fines for physician or hospital in non- indicated cases and giving reward otherwise.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15160 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15160/6200

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1717 1724 Susan MOHAMMADI KEBAR Dept. of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Saeed HOSSEINI NIA Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Nasrollah MALEKI Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afshan SHARGHI Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Arash SHESHGELANI Dept. of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran 2018 10 29 Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common cause of organ dysfunction in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. There is no consensus definition of AKI in ICU patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the incidence rate, risk factors and clinical outcome of AKI using the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease) classification in ICU patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, on 900 patients admitted to the ICU during a one year period at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardebil, Iran from 2014 to 2015. AKI was defined by the consensus RIFLE criteria. Results: The overall incidence rate of AKI was 37%. The patients with AKI were also classified according to RIFLE as follows: Risk (8.2%), Injury (13.4%), Failure (13.2%), Loss of kidney function (1.3%), and End-stage kidney disease (0.8%). The mortality rate was 58.3% for AKI patients, and 13.4% for non-AKI patients (P<0.001). Patients in RIFLE-R (Risk) had a mortality rate of 37.8% compared with 48.8% for those in RIFLE-I (Injury) and 76.5% for RIFLE-F (Failure) patients (P<0.0001). Significant risk factors to the development of AKI were included: age more than 60 yr, increased length of hospital stay, systolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg, requirement of mechanical ventilation, relevant comorbidities, anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased serum bilirubin and liver enzymes, and serum sodium abnormalities. Conclusion: The RIFLE classification is a useful and suitable clinical tool to evaluate the incidence and mortality rate of AKI. In ICU patients, AKI is associated with increased mortality rate.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15161 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15161/6201

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1725 1733 Ensieh Sadat MIRSHARIF Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh HEIDARY Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza VAEZ MAHDAVI Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Reza GHAREBAGHI Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. AND International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center, Tehran, Iran Shahriar POURFARZAM Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Tooba GHAZANFARI Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2018 10 29 Background: The aim of this study was assessment of the chronic effects of sulfur mustard (SM) among victims. Methods: In this cohort study, 355 SM-exposed subjects from Sardasht, and 123 controls from Rabat, both from West Azerbaijan Province, Iran were included. The spirometric evaluation and the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) classification were applied for all. Serum levels of urea, creatinine (Cr), and uric acid (UA) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were assessed. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS. Results: All were male, with a mean age of 43.7±10.7 and 41.6±9.9 years in case and control groups, respectively. The case group had significantly higher values of Cr (P<0.001) and UA (P=0.018) than the control group. This was also the case in the Cr level (P<0.001) in subjects without pulmonary dysfunction, between both groups. There was significant difference in the GFR (P=0.047) between both groups and between sub-groups with pulmonary dysfunction in the case and control groups (P=0.045), as well as between SM-exposed subjects with and without pulmonary dysfunction (P=0.009). Serum Cr, UA, sUA/Cr ratio, and BUN as well as the GFR did not have any significant correlation with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio. Conclusion: Despite significantly high levels of Cr and UA in the case group, no significant correlation was found between serum Cr, UA, sUA/Cr ratio, BUN, and GFR with spirometric values. Further studies are required to reveal the underlying molecular and clinical significance of these findings.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15162 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15162/6202

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1734 1741 Yasaman GARME Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mahdiyeh MOUDI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Ramin SARAVANI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran AND Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Hamidreza GALAVI Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran AND Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2018 10 29 Background: Nitric oxide (NO) has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). NO is synthesized enzymatically from l-arginine (l-Arg) by three NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, Neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), Inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2), and Endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3). The impact of NOS2 gene polymorphism was investigated on the susceptibility of T2D in a sample of Iranian population (Southeastern of Iran). Methods: In 2015, the present case-control study was conducted on 152 T2D patients and 157 healthy control subjects (HCs) referring to Bu-ali Hospital of Zahedan, eastern Iran. Genotyping of NOS2 rs2779248T/C and rs1137933C/T variants were done using the Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR) method. Results: CT genotype of rs1137933C/T was significantly associated with increased risk of T2D (P<0.0001). The T allele of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was also strongly associated with T2D risk (P<0.0001). For rs2779248 T/C, TC genotype of this SNP decreased the risk of T2D (OR=0.25 95%CI= 0.15-0.42, P<0.0001); however, CC genotype of this SNP increased the risk of T2D (P<0.005). There was no significant association between clinical-demographic characteristics of T2D group with respect to both SNPS in dominant. Conclusion: CT genotype and C allele of NOS2 rs1137933 C/T polymorphism were associated with a higher risk of T2D, and no association was observed between T allele of NOS2 rs2779248 T/C polymorphism and T2D while TC genotype of this SNP decreased the risk of T2D in the study participants.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15163 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15163/6203

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1742 1748 Elham MOGHADDAS Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Abdolmajid FATA Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AND Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mehdi ZAREAN Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran . AND Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Majid DERAKHSHANI Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran Mahdi FAKHAR Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Seyed Aliakbar SHAMSIAN Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2018 10 29 Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), so-called Kala-azar is a life threating parasitic infectious disease caused by Leishmania spp. L. infantum is the main causative agent for Mediterranean form of Kala-azar which is endemic in northeastern Iran. This study attempted to investigate existence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Khorasan Razavi. Methods: Between 2014 and 2016, tissue samples collected from spleen and liver of 192 stray dogs were examined to investigate existence of L. infantum. Kinetoplast DNA (k-DNA) PCR was performed to identify the species of parasites. The positive PCR products were sequenced in both directions to confirm the kDNA PCR results Results: Among samples obtained from 192 dogs, kinetoplast DNA of L. infantum was detected in two female dogs. L. infantum was confirmed by sequence analysis of PCR products. Conclusion: Our data confirm stray dogs play as potential reservoirs for VL in this province. Further investigation will be necessary to clear role of stray dogs in the transmission of L. infantum to human and domestic dogs.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15164 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15164/6204

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 11 2018 11 01 1756 1762 Ardalan SHARIAT Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dep. of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Joshua A.CLELAND Dept. of Physical Therapy, Franklin Pierce University, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA Mahmoud DANAEE Academic Enhancement and Leadership Development Center (ADeC), High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mehdi KARGARFARD Dept. of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Vahide MORADI Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dept. of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran