Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1848 1856 Ling ZHANG Center for Mental Health, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China Benxian YAO College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China Xiaodan ZHANG College of Teacher Education, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China Hao XU Center for Mental Health, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China 2020 08 05 2020 09 29 Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic caused great impacts and influences to human psychology. As a result, youths who are kept at home for a long time easily develop irritability and problematic behaviors. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relations among irritability, coping style, and subjective well-being of the youth. Methods: Overall, 1,033 youth respondents (aged 18–30 yr) from seven provinces in China were investigated in 2020 using the irritability, depression, and anxiety scale, coping style scale, and well-being index scale. Results: Among the dimensions of irritability of the youth, anxiety received the highest score, followed by introversion irritability, extroversion irritability, and depression. Irritability had significant regional differences. The total score of irritability among rural youth was significantly higher than that of urban youth (P<0.05). The irritability level of youths with parents’ emotional status was harmonious and good relations with family members and peers was far lower than those of youths who have poor relations between parents, family members, and peers (P<0.05). The irritability level of youths with a lower monthly household income was higher (P<0.05). Irritability of the youth had significantly negative correlations with positive response and SWB, and it had a significantly positive correlative with negative response. Coping style can mediate the relationship between irritability and SWB of the youth to some extent. Conclusion: Significant correlations exist among irritability, coping style, and SWB of the youth. Irritability can be used to predict SWB indirectly through positive response. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21713 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21713/7000

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1813 1826 Bingqing Lu Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Xingyi Zhang Department of Information Engineering, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China Jin Wen Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China 2019 06 17 2019 08 10 Background: The application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in disaster relief is increasingly widespread, but it is still unclear whether ICT can reduce casualties and economic losses in disaster response phase. Methods: We searched studies in the databases of Scopus, EI, MEDLINE and EMBASE from Jan 1, 1990, to Mar 22, 2019. Excel 2016 and VOSviewer (version 1.6.11) were used to analyze the extracted data and visualize the network diagram. Results: We included 169 eligible articles. The number of ICTs-related disaster-relief articles published annually shows an overall trend of growth since 1990. The United States has the greatest influence in this field. The 169 articles reported twenty-four technologies and the top three reported most frequently were remote sensing, social media, and geographic information system (GIS). The main roles of ICTs in natural disaster rescue included information dissemination, post-disaster image collection and damage assessment. However, of the 169 articles, only five reported that ICTs reduced casualties or economic losses in disaster response phase, two concluded that rescue robot was ineffective in mudslide rescue, and the remaining 162 (95.86%) did not evaluate the effect of ICTs on the rescue. Conclusion: ICTs have the potential to reduce casualties and economic losses, but some technologies are not applicable to all rescue scenarios. In addition, most studies did not pay attention to the effect of technology on the rescue. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17473 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17473/6997

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 22365 22365 Dariush D. FARHUD School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran 2020 09 29 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22365 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22365/6996

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2001 2002 Tenghao ZHANG School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Drive Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia 2020 08 06 2020 08 20 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21736 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21736/7018

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1992 2000 Bojan MASANOVIC Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro AND Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro Stevo POPOVIC Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro AND Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro Dusko BJELICA Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro AND Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro Jovan GARDASEVIC Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro AND Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro 2020 07 31 2020 09 14 Background: We aimed to focus on a review of the literature on physical activity and physical fitness for children and adolescents in Montenegro, to identify and evaluate the current situation and provide a better basis for the creation of a future monitoring system. Methods: The Montenegrin Research Team (MRT) has set up a specific methodology that is reflected in the assessment of physical activity and physical fitness of Montenegrin children and adolescents through ten separate indicators. Grades were awarded based on data found in available scientific articles that were published up to 2018, as well as in the grey literature, such as government and nongovernment reports and online content from the same period. Results: All indicators averaged 3.7 on a six-point scale. It is interesting to note that two indicators were rated as excellent, three more indicators were rated with above-average, four indicators were rated as below-average and, lastly, one indicator was rated as “unfinished”. Conclusion: Children’s and adolescents’ physical activity and physical fitness for Montenegro might be good, especially if compared to other countries from the region. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21665 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21665/7017

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1857 1867 Xiao SONG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China AND School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhangqiu 250200, Shandong, China Qiqi SHI Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Chongxing ZHANG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Xiangli KONG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Yeyuan LV Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Haifang WANG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Hongmei LIU Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Lijuan LIU Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Xiuxia GUO Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Jingxuan KOU Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Xiaodan HUANG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Huaiwei WANG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Peng CHENG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China Maoqing GONG Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, Shandong, China 2018 09 25 2019 04 17 Background: We aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of the epidemiological changes and prevention effects for malaria in Weifang, Shandong Peninsula, China from 1957 to 2017. Methods: The malaria data from a web-based reporting system were analyzed to explore malaria epidemiological characteristics and prevention effects in Weifang. Results: Overall, 1, 704, 890 malaria cases were reported in Weifang from 1957 to 2017, of which two major malaria epidemics occurred in 1961 (827.28/10, 000) and 1971 (366.14/10, 000). Prior to 1997, all malaria patients (1, 704, 829) were infected with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax). After 2007, the cases of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) showed an upward trend (76.8%). The reported cases after the 21st century were mainly imported cases, and the last indigenous case was a patient that infected with P. vivax in 2006. Overall, 36 imported cases were reported from 2010 to 2017, of which 88.9% were acquired in Africa. Except for one 32-year-old woman, the rest were male (97.2%), in which laborers and farmers represented the vast majority (66.6%). From 1987 to 2017, there were 1, 224, 474 cases of fever with blood tests, and the average blood test rate was 4.9%. From 1957 to 2017, a total of 1, 704, 890 malaria patients were treated, 96 cases were treated during resting phase from 1987 to 2017. Conclusion: Weifang should continue to strengthen the management of the migrant population, making blood tests for fever patients and patient treatment as important means of malaria control and monitoring https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14809 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14809/7001

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1827 1838 Seyyed Reza SOBHANI Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mina BABASHAHI Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 08 05 2020 02 02 Background: Demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental determinants are important to population health status in all countries and diet is the main way that these factors could affect health. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of recent research evidence about these determinants of household food basket composition. Methods: The PRISMA guideline was used to the reproducibility of this systematic review. Three databases including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were systematically searched from 1991 to Dec 2017. Results: Thirty four studies were included. Most studies were done in the United States. Three categories of determinants including the demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental define the contribution of different food groups in the household food basket. These factors determine the healthiness of family diet. Conclusion: Many determinants affect household food basket. Comprehensive consideration of policymakers to these factors is essential to creating and maintaining a healthy society. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17977 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17977/6998

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2003 2005 Jung Hun LEE National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea Jeong Ho JEON National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea Sang Hee LEE National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea 2018 12 11 2018 12 22 No Abstract. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15579 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15579/7019

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 09 29 1868 1877 Şükran GÜZEL Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Eda GÜRÇAY Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Ebru KARACA UMAY Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Serdar MERCİMEKÇİ Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Aytül ÇAKCI Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey 2018 09 08 2019 01 30 Background: To evaluate the nutritional status of patients with neurological diseases during the rehabilitation process and to investigate the relationships between the nutritional status and disease severity and clinical evaluation outcomes. Methods: In this prospective trial, 109 patients with a disease duration of <6 months, hospitalized for neurological rehabilitation in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara, Turkey were enrolled from 2014-17. All patients were assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test, European Quality of Life Scale (Euro-QoL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburg Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS), and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). Nutritional status was analyzed by biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The patients received a conventional rehabilitation program and a nutritional support according to clinical and laboratory findings for 4 weeks. The outcome data were evaluated at baseline and at the end of 4-week treatment. Results: Linear regressions analysis revealed that the significant independent predictors that associated positively with baseline insulin (P=0.010) and negatively with baseline cortisol (P=0.020) levels were Brunnstrom upper and hand stages. Additionally, the significant independent predictor that associated positively with baseline insulin (P=0.041) was Brunnstrom lower stage. Conclusion: Insulin and cortisol levels may be predictors in motor function recovery of stroke patients in rehabilitation process. Early detection and treatment of malnutrition both during hospitalization and follow-up might be important for the improvement of outcomes. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14663 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14663/7002

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1839 1847 Negar BIZHANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeideh HASHEMI HAFSHEJANI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Neda MOHAMMADI Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi REZAEI Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Mohammad Bagher ROKNI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 09 29 Background: Cysticercosis in among the neglected tropical disease caused by eating the egg of parasite Taenia solium. In this review, we aimed to verify the prevalence of human cysticercosis in different countries of Asia using systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: Based of the protocol, reliable databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1990-2018 were searched using a panel of keywords. Overall, 48 countries of Asia were searched in turn and data were analyzed using a category of statistical tests. Results: Out of 28 included studies, 586175 samples were collected and included in the data analysis. Based on the meta-analysis results, the overall pooled percent of cysticercosis was estimated 3.8% (95% CI: [2.0, 7.0]). According to the result of heterogeneity statistics including I-squared, chi-square, and tau-squared, it was statistically significant (Tau2 = 2.94, chi2 = 12733.31, P value <0.001, I2 = 100%) therefore a random effect model was used to handle the heterogeneity of studies. To evaluate the trend of cysticercosis over the time, Cumulative meta-analysis was performed and the result showed that there was a minor upward tendency in the prevalence of cysticercosis over the time. Conclusion: Although, considering the religious culture and food habits in Asia, we might have expected to witness a low prevalence of human cysticercosis, but we noticed more or less significant infection in some countries of the region. Regarding the new feature of immigration and travel between countries, all authorities are advised to take measures on controlling and monitoring the disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22366

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2006 2008 Marjan MOHAMMADZADEH Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Hamidin AWANG Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Cheah Yt JUN Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Nor Fauziah HASHIM Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Archana PREMKUMAR Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2018 10 27 2018 11 10 N/A https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15119 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15119/7020

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1878 1884 EN Haemi JEE Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University, Cheonan-si, Korea 2020 07 24 2020 09 29 Background: Increased exercise repetitions and intensities need to be compared between dominant and non-dominant sides to prevent asymmetrically conducted movements for possible dyskinesia. Methods: A total of 20 participants were enrolled from Inha University, Incheon, Korea in 2019. They were assessed for comparisons of asymmetrical motion between the dominant and non-dominant arms during the abduction and adduction lateral raises during more than fifteen repetitions and low and high exercise intensity by giving different weight loads based on 1-RM. Results: Repetition led to significant reductions in range of motion for both dominant and non-dominant sides. In addition, increased repetitions led to significant greater reductions in range of motion especially toward the last phases of repetitions. Moreover, the dominant side showed significantly increased accelerations with increased intensities. Conclusion: Increased repetitions and exercise intensity led to reduced range of motion and increased accelerations especially for the dominant sides. Dispersing kinematics should be considered to minimize possible dyskinesia between the symmetric sides when performing repetitive and loading physical activity. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21599 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21599/7003

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2009 2010 EN Minxing ZHAO Department of Intellectual Property Law, Baoding University, Hebei, China 2018 05 15 2018 05 27 No abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13380 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13380/7021

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1885 1893 Huawei LIN Department of Medicine, Shandong Medical College, Jinan 250002, P.R. China Jing CHANG Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Shan-dong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250031, P.R. China Jun LI Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Shan-dong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250031, P.R. China 2020 06 17 2020 09 29 Background: To investigate the effects of docetaxel combined with icotinib on tumor markers in serum and quality of life of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Overall, 121 patients with advanced NSCLC, admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China from 2017- 2018 were selected as subjects. Among them, 58 patients treated with docetaxel combined with icotinib for chemotherapy were considered as study group, and 63 patients treated with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin as control group. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, and ECOG scores of the two groups were observed. CEA, CA125, and SCC (Tumor markers) levels of the two groups before and after treatment were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Results: The leukopenia, oral mucosa ulcer and mild numbness in the control group were significantly higher than those in the study group (P<0.05). After treatment, ECOG scores of both groups decreased (P<0.05), and the ECOG score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The serum CEA, CA125 and SCC levels of the study group and the control group after treatment decreased significantly compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Application of docetaxel combined with icotinib for chemotherapy of patients with advanced NSCLC can effectively reduce the serum levels of CEA, SCC, and the CA125. Docetaxel combined with icotinib can significantly reduce adverse reactions and better improve the quality of life of patients compared with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin, which is worthy of clinical promotion. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21160 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21160/7004

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2011 2013 EN Maryam KHEIROLLAHPOUR Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mahmoud DANAEE Academic Development Centre (ADEC), Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic & International) Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Amir Feisal MERICAN Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia AND Center of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bio Industry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Asma Ahmad SHARIFF Center of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bio Industry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia AND Mathematics Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science (ASASI), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2018 06 05 2020 09 30 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13607 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13607/7022

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1894 1901 Ji-Hoon CHO Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Shingyeong University, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea Ki-Hyuk LEE Department of Sport Culture, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Seung-Taek LIM Institute of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea AND Nasaret International Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea AND Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan 2020 02 04 2020 05 29 Background: The purpose of this study was to find the basic data of medical and exercise therapy by indexing lumbar extension muscle strength of low back pain (LBP) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3078 chronic LBP participants from The J hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, from 2003 to 2010 were enrolled. Maximum muscle strength was measured at maximum flexion angle and maximum extension angle according to range of motion (ROM) results. For each isometric test, participants were seated and secured in the MEDX (medx lumbar extension machine, Ocala, FL, USA) machine. Results: The relative ROM (P=0.012) differed significantly among the aged groups in all participants. In addition, mean of strength (P<0.001), maximal of strength (P<0.001), mean of strength %BW (P<0.001) and maximal of strength %BW (P<0.001) are significant differences in all participants. The results of multiple regression analysis was the ‘model A’, maximal of strength for 32.1% of the variance in weigh, body mass index and range of motion. In addition, ‘model B’ was 30.4%, ‘model C’ was 28.8%, ‘model D’ was 28.5%, ‘model E’ was 21.7%, and ‘model F’ was 23.5% of the variance in weigh, body mass index and range of motion. Conclusion: We found the three predictor (weight, BMI, and ROM) variables accounted for 32.1% of the variance in maximal of strength %BW, the highest in < 29 yr groups. Our data indicate the basic data of medical and exercise therapy by indexing lumbar extension muscle strength of LBP patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19653 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19653/7005

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2014 2015 EN Sain SAFAROVA Department of Internal Medicine, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan 2018 09 02 2018 09 24 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14622 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14622/7023

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1902 1911 EN Ummavathy PERIASAMY Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Negeri Symbian, Malaysia Sherina MOHD-SIDIK Cancer Resource & Education Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia AND Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Mehrnoosh AKHTARI- ZAVARE Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Lekhraj RAMPAL Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Siti Irma Fadhilah ISMAIL Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Rozi MAHMUD Cancer Resource & Education Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2018 07 11 2018 11 28 Background: We aimed to assess whether “Managing Patients on Chemotherapy” book is effective to improve quality of life (QOL) of cancer patient via counselling by pharmacist. Methods: A randomized control trial study was run among 2120 cancer patients in public hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia, from Apr 2016-Jan 2018. The treatment group received counselling regarding chemotherapy by using developed module. The data were collected at three time-points: baseline, 1st, 2nd and 3rd follow-ups after counseling by Validated Malay version of the WHOQOL-BREF of questionnaire. Data analyses were done using χ2 and two-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The treatment group improved significantly as compared to control group in physical health, psychological health, social relationship, environment and overall QOL (P<0.00). Conclusion: The “Managing Patients on Chemotherapy” book along with repetitive counselling by pharmacists is a useful intervention for improving QOL of cancer patients undergoing treatment. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13977 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13977/7006

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2016 2017 Ali AMINIAN Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Seyde Sedighe YOUSEFI Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2018 10 15 2018 10 31 Letter to Editor https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15016 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15016/7024

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1912 1920 Xiaohong YU Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Dongjin FENG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Guangmeng WANG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Zhongmao DONG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Qi ZHOU Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China Yuan ZHANG Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical Univer 2020 03 19 2020 08 01 Background: To analyze the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and digestive tract symptoms in children and other related factors, and to explore the risk factors of H. pylori infection in children and the expression of inflammatory factors in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children. Methods: Overall, 234 children with H. pylori test in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou, China) were enrolled. Among them, 73 children were H. pylori-positive and 161 were H. pylori-negative. The expression levels of cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children were determined by ELISA. The correlation between H. pylori-positive and general data, digestive tract symptoms, other clinical symptoms, living habits, eating habits, family history and other related factors was statistically analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of H. pylori infection in children. Results: Family monthly income, inattentive eating, sharing toothbrushes and cups, gnawing fingers, eating fried food, drinking raw water, eating smoked and pickled food, father suffering from gastropathy and mother suffering from gastropathy were independent risk factors for H. pylori infection in children. The most common digestive tract symptoms of children with H. pylori infection were abdominal pain, accompanied by one or more clinical symptoms. The expression levels of IL-8, IL-18 and IFN-γ in H. pylori-positive children were significantly higher than those in H. pylori-negative children. Conclusion: Prevention of H. pylori infection in children is helpful for healthy growth of children, and cytokines IL-8, IL-18, IFN-γ have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of H. pylori-positive children. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20072 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20072/7007

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2018 2019 Maryam ASKARI Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Seyedeh Mahdieh NAMAYANDEH Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran 2018 11 02 2018 11 10 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15212 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15212/7025

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1921 1930 Noor Hamzani FARIZAN Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Rosnah SUTAN Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Kulanthayan KC MANI Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia 2018 10 11 2019 08 04 Background: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the health educational booklet intervention in improving parents/guardian’s knowledge on prevention of child drowning and, the perception of drowning risk and water safety practice.  Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in year 2017 in Selangor, Malaysia among 719 parents/ guardians of primary school children. The parent/guardians were randomly assigned as the intervention groups and were given a health educational Be-SAFE booklet on drowning prevention and water safety. The pretest was conducted before the intervention and posttest was done one month of intervention. The data collection tool was using a validated questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice for drowning prevention and water safety. Results: There were 719 respondents (response rate of 89.9%) participated at baseline and 53.7% at end line (after the intervention). Significant differences found in knowledge, attitudes and practice on drowning prevention and water safety for the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean scores for knowledge and attitude before and after the intervention, whereas no significant findings noted for practices (P<0.001). Conclusion: Be SAFE booklet contributed to the increase in parents/guardian’s knowledge and attitudes towards drowning prevention and water safety to prevent the risk of child drowning. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14975 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14975/7008

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 2020 2021 Amirhossein MEMARI Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ardalan SHARIAT Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Joshua CLELAND Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass, USA 2020 07 05 2020 08 01 No Abstract https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/21350 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/21350/7026

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 09 29 1931 1939 Jun WANG Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China Jingxin CHEN Department of Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China Gang JING Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China Daoquan DONG Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China AND Department of Burn and Skin Repair Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China 2020 04 08 2020 08 01 Background: To study the effects of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) on the proliferation and apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells, and to explore its specific regulatory mechanism through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: LncRNA HOTAIR small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed and synthesized, and the effects of si-HOTAIR transfection on the proliferation and apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells were detected via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The gene expressions were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the changes in NF-κB pathway-related proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins after interference in lncRNA HOTAIR were detected via Western blotting, and the level of NF-κB in each group was determined via ELISA. Results: The results of CCK-8 assay revealed that the cell proliferation rate significantly declined gradually in si-HOTAIR group compared with that in si-NC group and control group (P<0.05). The results of Western blotting and ELISA showed that the activity of NF-κB in si-HOTAIR group was weakened (P<0.05), suggesting that down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the activity of NF-κB. Compared with si-NC group and control group, si-HOTAIR group had remarkably increased gene and protein expressions of pro-apoptotic Bax, and remarkably decreased gene and protein expressions of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (P<0.05), demonstrating that down-regulation of HOTAIR can promote apoptosis. Conclusion: Down-regulation of lncRNA HOTAIR can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells and suppress the NF-κB pathway. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20299 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20299/7009

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1940 1946 EN Ahmad Ali NOORBALA Department of Psychiatry, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Armita SALJOUGHIAN Psychosomatic Fellowship, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Abbas BAGHERI YAZDI Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, Tehran, Iran Elham FAGHIHZADEH Department of Biostatistics, Paramedical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hadi FARAHZADI Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Koorosh KAMALI Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Soghrat FAGHIHZADEH Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Ahmad HAJEBI Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychiatric Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahin AKHONDZADEH Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mir Taher MOUSAVI Department of Sociology, University of Welfare, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 29 2019 02 02 Background: Drug addiction is known as one of the health, medical and social problems of the present century. Beyond the harmful physical and mental consequences for addicts, drug abuse can cause serious social problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug and alcohol abuse in individuals aged 15 yr and over in Iran in 2015. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on individuals aged 15 yr and older who lived in urban and rural areas of Iran. Overall, 36,600 individuals were selected by systematic and cluster random sampling. The postal code was used to access the samples in 31 provinces of Iran. In each province 1200 individuals (50% men, 50% women) were evaluated. The used instrument was the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed 4.6% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.4% used Amphetamine stimulants, 6.1% used Sedative drugs, and 2.6% used Alcoholic beverages on a regular basis. Within the last 12 months, 3.9% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.3% used Amphetamine stimulants, 5.8% used Sedative drugs, and 1.9% used Alcoholic beverages. With the exception of Sedatives drugs men used more drugs than women and residents of rural areas used more opium and its derivatives than other groups of drugs. Based on the provincial distribution, Kerman and Qom used the highest and lowest prevalence percentage of Opium and its derivatives respectively. Conclusion: Overall, 2340000 individuals were addicts used Opium and its derivatives in 2015, therefore, medical and health officials should take all necessary measures to deal with these serious social problems. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14221 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14221/7010

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1947 1953 Sedigheh KHEIRANDISH Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Nosratollah ESHGHYAR Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad YAZDANI Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amir A’lam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pouyan AMINI SHAKIB Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali HOSSEINI-BERESHNEH Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Zahra NOURI Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali KHEIRANDISH Department of Medical Genetics, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh KARAMI Department of Medical Genetics, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2018 09 08 2019 02 13 Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important types of oral malignancies. DKK gene family members as well as DKK2/4 have critical roles in regulation of Wnt signaling as one of the main determining pathway in oral carcinogenesis. This study aimed to identify promoter methylation status of DKK2/4 genes to provide possible biomarkers for early detection and treatment of OSCC patients. Methods: A case control study was performed on 31 fresh tissues obtained from oral cavity of patients affected by OSCC and 31 fresh corresponding tissues from normal healthy controls in Tehran and, between the years of 2016-2018. Purified DNA from tissue samples was subjected to bisulfite treatment and then methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) was carried out on treated DNA samples. Results: DKK4 promoter was methylated in none of OSCC samples while it was methylated in 16.1% of healthy controls. 16.1% of OSCC samples were detected to be semimethylated and 22.6% of healthy normal samples were methylated for DKK2 promoter gene. Meaningful difference was found in DKK4 promoter methylation among OSCC patients and healthy controls. Significant correlation was found between DKK4 promoter methylation and tumor grade. The age of all enrolled samples was demonstrated to have strong effect on promoter methylation of studied genes. Conclusion: Hypomethylation of DKK2 and DKK4 genes in higher grades of OSCC samples may indicate the pivotal role of their expression in tumor cells invasion and progression through modulation of Wnt signaling pathway. Further study required to determine simultaneous expression of those genes and Wnt signaling elements at mRNA and protein levels. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14670 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14670/7011

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1954 1958 Amin SABERINIA Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anna ABDOLSHAHI Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Saeed KHALEGHI Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Yaser MORADI Patient Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Hossein JAFARIZADEH Patient Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Ali SADEGHI MOGHADDAM Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Mohsen AMINIZADEH Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Religious Studies and Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi RAEI Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza KHAMMAR Zabol Medical Plants Research Center, Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohsen POURSADEQIAN Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran 2018 09 18 2019 03 17 Background: One of the major causes of various work-related health problems among nurses is occupational stress. Hence, the main purpose of the present research was to find association between occupational stress of nurses and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Methods:  In this cross-sectional study, the Osipow job stress questionnaire was employed to assess the occupational stress among the 250 nurses in Emam Khomeini hospital of Tehran in 2018. Based on stress score for participants, subjects divided into two groups: Scoring of group one was 60-179 (mild and average stress) and group two between 180 and 300 (average to acute and acute stress). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded for subjects after 10hrs fasting. Then the blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels. For determining the association between education level, job experience and study groups, the Chi-square test and for comparing job stress between two groups of study the Mann–Whitney U test was used. Results: Subjects with job stress in group one was 70(28%) and group two was 180(72%). The association between level of education and two study groups was not significant (P=0.129) while between job experience and two study groups was significant (P=0.004). Mean of Blood glucose levels for group I (98.0± 37.5), was higher than group II (82.5±12.0) and statistically significant (P=0.001). No significant difference was found between two groups of study for other parameters. Conclusion: High level of work-related stress among subjects affected the values related to blood glucose level, but no significant relationship was found between other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress among nurses. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14752 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14752/7012

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1959 1969 EN Mirhojjat NAJAFINASAB Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Lotfali AGHELI Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hossein SADEGHI Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Sajjad FARAJI DIZAJI Department of Economic Development and Planning, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 08 2019 03 17 Background: The present study aimed to identify and prioritize strategies for medical tourism improvement in the Social Security Organization (SSO) of Iran. Methods: Using Delphi method in the first step, we identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that Social Security Organization of Iran faces in medical tourism during 2017-2018. In the second step we interviewed 100 medical and tourism experts to identify proper strategies using SWOT method and finally prioritize strategies through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by using Expert Choice software. Results: The application of SWOT technique indicated that the dominant strategy for the Iranian SSO should be conservative. It should overcome its internal weaknesses and exploit its external opportunities. The Iranian Social Security Organization should arrange appropriate marketing in target countries, invest in international medical/hospital standards, boost the communicative competence of personnel in SSO hospitals and create multilingual web-based information to introduce the capabilities and costs of the hospitals. Conclusion: Since the SSO’s weaknesses are more prominent than its strengths, thus SSO should plan to reduce its weaknesses to boost medical tourism. For this purpose, SSO should design coherent plans for attract medical tourists to the organization’s hospitals, attempt to upgrade hospital and medical centers standards, train the medical staff regarding linguistic and communicative skills, and run a user-friendly website to introduce its medical capabilities. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13965 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13965/7013

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1970 1976 Najmossadat MUSAVI BAFRUI Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic ‎Azad University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Jamal HASHEMI HAZAVEH 1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic ‎Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences‎‎, Tehran, Iran Mansour BAYAT Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic ‎Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2019 07 03 2019 09 15 Abstract Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans. Antifungals such as fluconazole are effectively used for treating dermatophytosis; however, drug resistance was observed in many cases. Therefore, a newer treatment strategy is essential. Methods: This study (Conducted in the Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018) evaluated the antifungal susceptibility of nano fluconazole compared to conventional fluconazole on dermatophyte isolates using CLSI M38-A2guidelines. Dermatophyte species isolated from clinical cases of dermatophytosis were identified using PCR sequencing techniques. Zeta potential and size of the nano particles containing fluconazole were measured; scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine nano particle structure. Results: The size of liposomal fluconazole obtained was 88.9  12.14 nm with –20.12  3.8 mV for zeta potential. The encapsulation rate for fluconazole was 75.1  4.2%. MIC50 for the three tested species was 32, 16, and 8 μg/ml for Trichophyton interdigitale, T. rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum isolates, respectively. The corresponding values for nano fluconazole were 8 μg/ml for the three tested species. Conclusion: MIC value for nano-fluconazole was lower than conventional fluconazole in all dermatophytes species tested; therefore, nano-fluconazole could inhibit the growth of dermatophytes better than fluconazole at a lower concentration of the drug. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17651 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17651/7014

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1977 1982 EN Mojtaba MOHAMMADHOSEINI Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department Biostatics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Seyedeh Mahdieh NAMAYANDEH Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Hosein FALLAHZADEH Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department Biostatics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Fatemeh MAJIDPOUR Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department Biostatics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Seyed Mahmoud SADR-BAFGHI Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammadhosein SOLTANI Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Leila HADIANI Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammadtaghi SAREBANHASSANABADI Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Hossein NOUGH Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran Ahmad KARIMI Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department Biostatics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Maryam ASKARI Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department Biostatics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2018 04 27 2019 01 08 Background: The population attributable risk (PAR) percent has used widely in public health policy. We aimed to calculate the attribute risk of hypertension due to hyperuricemia by Levin's formulas compare to direct PAR calculation method. Methods: This was a sub-study of Yazd Healthy Heart Cohort (YHHC). Overall, 1256 normotensive individuals were enrolled through multistage randomized cluster sampling and followed up for mean 9.8 years, from 2005-2015. The threshold cutoff point of the hyperuricemia was considered equal and more than 75th percentile that equal to 5.5 mg/dl for men and 4.3mg/dl for women. To calculate the attributable risk of hyperuricemia in developing hypertension, two methods were applied. Levin's formulas and direct PAR estimation by population risk calculation via exposure prevalence weighted formula. Multiple logistic regression was used for estimate of odds ratio (OR) of hyperuricemia in developing hypertension. We calculated Relative Risk (RR) from OR. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. A significant level of 0.05 was considered. Results: Hypertension developed in 44.7% of individuals with uric acid level ≥ 75th percentile vs. 35.6% of other individuals (P=0.024). Attributable risk (AR) of hyperuricemia in hypertension incidence was 9.1%. PAR of hyperuricemia for hypertension incidence by using two methods mentioned before was 6%, 5.8% respectively. Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed the noticeable contribution of hyperuricemia as an independent other risk factor for the occurrence of hypertension. PAR of hyperuricemia for hypertension incidence by using two methods almost near was 6%, 5.8% respectively. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13216 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13216/7015

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 10 2020 10 01 1983 1991 Ahmad HOSSEINI-SAFA Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeedeh SHOJAEE Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Alireza SALAMI Department Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mehdi MOHEBALI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sedigheh HANTOUSHZADEH Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa MOUSAVI Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali DEHGHAN MANSHADI Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hosein KESHAVARZ VALIAN Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 09 02 2019 11 05 Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is a very critical issue, especially in pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was rapid detection of T. gondii DNA in peripheral blood samples (PBS) employing HRM technique and using RE gene. Methods: Totally, 242 samples from pregnant women and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients were collected from different hospitals and medical centers of Tehran during Oct 2017 to Dec 2018. High resolution melting analysis (HRM) using partial sequences of repetitive element (RE) gene was done and compared with ELISA test. Results: Overall, 51 were positive for acute toxoplasmosis that among them, 12 and 20 reported as positive in pregnant women and HIV+ patients, respectively using HRM technique. Among 70 patients in chronic phase of disease, 10 and 3 samples were reported as positive for pregnant women and HIV+ patients respectively. From 121 negative control, 3 (4.62%) samples associated with HIV+ patients, showed positive real-time PCR and HRM analysis results. Conclusion: For the first time, HRM technique via employing RE gene was used for detection of T. gondii infection in PBS. This method is suitable, helpful and in parallel with serological methods for early diagnosis of acute as well as active form of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and HIV+ patients. The use of techniques based on melt curve and through employing next-generation dyes for diagnosis of T. gondii would be accessible for patients in developing countries. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18231 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18231/7016